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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Best management practices for drip irrigated crops

    Singh, Kamal Gurmit / Goyal, Megh R. / Rudra, Ramesh P.

    (Research advances in sustainable micro irrigation ; Volume 6)

    2016  

    Abstract: ... This book focuses on best management practices for drip irrigated crops. It cover irrigation methods, scheduling of micro irrigation, and mulching and crop performance. Micro irrigation techniques with diverse crops are discussed, including sweet ... ...

    Author's details edited by Kamal Gurmit Singh ; Megh R. Goyal ; Ramesh P. Rudra
    Series title Research advances in sustainable micro irrigation ; Volume 6
    Collection
    Abstract

    This book focuses on best management practices for drip irrigated crops. It cover irrigation methods, scheduling of micro irrigation, and mulching and crop performance. Micro irrigation techniques with diverse crops are discussed, including sweet pepper, chili, tomatoes, cauliflower, wheat, sweet peas, sugarcane, and potatoes. The performance of the various techniques has been tested and evaluated in the field. Written by experts on micro irrigation, this valuable book is a must-have for micro irrigation professionals as well as advanced students.


    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (432 Seiten) ; Online-Ressource (432 p)
    Publisher Apple Academic Press
    Publishing place Boca Raton, FL ; Oakville, ON
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Note Description based upon print version of record
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT019845214
    ISBN 978-1-4987-1482-2 ; 9781771880954 ; 1-4987-1482-X ; 1771880953
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal variability of minimum runoff generating areas: a field investigation

    Panjabi, Kishor / Rudra, Ramesh P. / Shukla, Rituraj / Shrestha, Narayan K. / Goel, Pradeep K. / Daggupati, Prasad / Gharabaghi, Bahram

    Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2023 Aug. 18, v. 68, no. 11 p.1529-1538

    2023  

    Abstract: Past studies described several dominant factors responsible for minimum runoff-generating areas (MRGAs) which are seldom backed by field observations. Here, soil moisture and runoff data for 45 rainfall events were collected from a small (21.62 ha) ... ...

    Abstract Past studies described several dominant factors responsible for minimum runoff-generating areas (MRGAs) which are seldom backed by field observations. Here, soil moisture and runoff data for 45 rainfall events were collected from a small (21.62 ha) agricultural watershed in Ontario, Canada, using a remotely operated wireless sensor network system. The relationship developed between MRGA and basin moisture index (M) indicated that MRGAs are insensitive up to the threshold M value of 25 cm. A higher M leads to an exponential increase in the MRGA. Various factors (e.g. rainfall amount) affecting the spatiotemporal variability of MRGA were then identified. Statistical analyses (e.g. F-test) indicated a strong seasonal influence and showed that MRGA during spring, summer, and fall seasons was 34.3%, 8.0%, and 13.6%, respectively. The relationship of MRGA with rainfall amount, initial soil moisture content and rainfall intensity was the strongest for the summer season followed by fall and then spring.
    Keywords agricultural watersheds ; basins ; rain ; rain intensity ; runoff ; soil water ; soil water content ; spring ; summer ; Ontario ; runoff-generating areas ; spatiotemporal variability ; field observations
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0818
    Size p. 1529-1538.
    Publishing place Taylor & Francis
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2150-3435
    DOI 10.1080/02626667.2023.2195558
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: A comparative evaluation of the continuous and event-based modelling approaches for identifying critical source areas for sediment and phosphorus losses

    Shrestha, Narayan Kumar / Rudra, Ramesh P / Daggupati, Prasad / Goel, Pradeep K / Shukla, Rituraj

    Elsevier Ltd Journal of environmental management. 2021 Jan. 01, v. 277

    2021  

    Abstract: Proper identification of critical source areas (CSAs) is important for economic viability of any best management practices (BMPs) aimed at reducing sediment and phosphorus loads to receiving water bodies. Both continuous and event-based hydrologic and ... ...

    Abstract Proper identification of critical source areas (CSAs) is important for economic viability of any best management practices (BMPs) aimed at reducing sediment and phosphorus loads to receiving water bodies. Both continuous and event-based hydrologic and water quality models are widely used to identify and assess CSAs, however, their comparative assessment is lacking. In this study, we have used continuous Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and event-based Agriculture Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution models to identify CSAs for sediment and phosphorus in a watershed in Ontario, Canada. Along with their original version, both models were re-conceptualized to incorporate saturation excess mechanism of runoff generation, which is also refereed as variable source area (VSA) integration. The models were set-up using high resolution spatial, crop- and land-management, and meteorological dataset; and calibrated with reasonable accuracy against streamflow, sediment and phosphorus concentration data at multiple locations. Threshold value (t-value) approach was used to identify CSA areas in the watershed. Results showed that both models were in agreement (up to 96% of fields) that summer season did not constitute hot-moments (<6% of the watershed area as CSAs) for both sediment and phosphorus. SWAT models identified winter (~50% of watershed area as CSA) and AGNPS models identified early spring (~50% of watershed areas as CSAs) season as the hot-moment for both sediment and phosphorus. Contrasting result, as indicated by low (1%) matching in field CSA potential, was observed in autumn season. In the same season, VSA integrated SWAT and AGNPS models showed better matching (43% for sediment and 31% for phosphorus), highlighting the importance of VSA integration in the models. Qualitative validation of model-based CSA potential with oblique aerial-photograph-based CSA potential in two soil moisture conditions (wetter and drier) indicated slightly better performance of the SWAT models, and over-prediction of the AGNPS models. However, a more comprehensive analysis based on more detailed field observations is needed to further confirm the results.
    Keywords Soil and Water Assessment Tool model ; autumn ; data collection ; economic sustainability ; environmental management ; land management ; phosphorus ; runoff ; sediments ; soil water ; spring ; stream flow ; summer ; water quality ; watersheds ; winter ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0101
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111427
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Can-GLWS: Canadian Great Lakes Weather Service for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modelling

    Shrestha, Narayan K / Akhtar, Taimoor / Ghimire, Uttam / Rudra, Ramesh P / Goel, Pradeep K / Shukla, Rituraj / Daggupati, Prasad

    International Association for Great Lakes Research Journal of Great Lakes research. 2021 Feb., v. 47, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: The rapid rise in availability of large geospatial datasets for the development of hydrological models such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has led to a dramatic increase in both the demand and availability of web services and tools that assist ... ...

    Abstract The rapid rise in availability of large geospatial datasets for the development of hydrological models such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has led to a dramatic increase in both the demand and availability of web services and tools that assist watershed modellers in incorporating data and knowledge into their modelling frameworks. Within the Canadian Great Lakes region, there is a huge potential for the application of SWAT in integrated water resources management. However, a potential barrier is the preparation of SWAT weather inputs that require time-intensive preprocessing of large data sets. Because such preprocessing is reproducible, the redundancy associated with it can be removed by introducing a web service that enables easy and open dissemination of climate data (including climate change and historical data) in SWAT-ready format. This short communication introduces such a web service called the Canadian Great Lakes Weather Data Service for SWAT (Can-GLWS). It hosts observed (historical) and projected (future) daily precipitation, daily maximum/minimum temperature, as well as weather generator database at regular grids (300 arc seconds or ~10 km) for use in SWAT simulations of the region. The novel Can-GLWS web service offers flexibility in selecting the region of interest by allowing them to be uploaded as a shapefile or to draw a rectangle or a polygon. We believe that such data as a service platform will help many practitioners to explore several issues pertaining to the sustainability of the freshwater resources of Canadian Great Lakes using the SWAT model.
    Keywords Internet ; Soil and Water Assessment Tool model ; atmospheric precipitation ; climate change ; climate models ; databases ; freshwater ; meteorological data ; research ; shapefile ; temperature ; watersheds
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-02
    Size p. 242-251.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2163239-X
    ISSN 0380-1330 ; 0380-1330
    ISSN (online) 0380-1330
    ISSN 0380-1330
    DOI 10.1016/j.jglr.2020.10.009
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: On-Farm Composting of Agricultural Waste Materials for Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan.

    Hashim, Sarfraz / Waqas, Muhammad / Rudra, Ramesh P / Khan, Akhtar Akhbtar / Mirani, Asif Ali / Sultan, Tariq / Ehsan, Farrukh / Abid, Muhammad / Saifullah, Muhammad

    Scientifica

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 5831832

    Abstract: Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country's population resides in rural areas and primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan's soils are poor in OM and have a low C : N ratio, and the overall fertility status is insufficient to ... ...

    Abstract Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country's population resides in rural areas and primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan's soils are poor in OM and have a low C : N ratio, and the overall fertility status is insufficient to support increased crop yields. Compost is an excellent alternative solution for improving soil OM content. However, this excellent alternative supply in Pakistan has yet to be used. Mass volumes of leaves, grass clippings, plant stalks, vines, weeds, twigs, and branches are burned daily. In this study, different compost piles (P1, P2, and P3) of compost were made using different agricultural and animal waste combinations to assess temperature, pH, and NPK. Results revealed that P3 demonstrated the most successful composting procedure. The temperature and pH levels throughout the composting process were determined in a specified range of 42-45
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-08
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2672321-9
    ISSN 2090-908X
    ISSN 2090-908X
    DOI 10.1155/2022/5831832
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: A comparative evaluation of the continuous and event-based modelling approaches for identifying critical source areas for sediment and phosphorus losses.

    Shrestha, Narayan Kumar / Rudra, Ramesh P / Daggupati, Prasad / Goel, Pradeep K / Shukla, Rituraj

    Journal of environmental management

    2020  Volume 277, Page(s) 111427

    Abstract: Proper identification of critical source areas (CSAs) is important for economic viability of any best management practices (BMPs) aimed at reducing sediment and phosphorus loads to receiving water bodies. Both continuous and event-based hydrologic and ... ...

    Abstract Proper identification of critical source areas (CSAs) is important for economic viability of any best management practices (BMPs) aimed at reducing sediment and phosphorus loads to receiving water bodies. Both continuous and event-based hydrologic and water quality models are widely used to identify and assess CSAs, however, their comparative assessment is lacking. In this study, we have used continuous Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and event-based Agriculture Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution models to identify CSAs for sediment and phosphorus in a watershed in Ontario, Canada. Along with their original version, both models were re-conceptualized to incorporate saturation excess mechanism of runoff generation, which is also refereed as variable source area (VSA) integration. The models were set-up using high resolution spatial, crop- and land-management, and meteorological dataset; and calibrated with reasonable accuracy against streamflow, sediment and phosphorus concentration data at multiple locations. Threshold value (t-value) approach was used to identify CSA areas in the watershed. Results showed that both models were in agreement (up to 96% of fields) that summer season did not constitute hot-moments (<6% of the watershed area as CSAs) for both sediment and phosphorus. SWAT models identified winter (~50% of watershed area as CSA) and AGNPS models identified early spring (~50% of watershed areas as CSAs) season as the hot-moment for both sediment and phosphorus. Contrasting result, as indicated by low (1%) matching in field CSA potential, was observed in autumn season. In the same season, VSA integrated SWAT and AGNPS models showed better matching (43% for sediment and 31% for phosphorus), highlighting the importance of VSA integration in the models. Qualitative validation of model-based CSA potential with oblique aerial-photograph-based CSA potential in two soil moisture conditions (wetter and drier) indicated slightly better performance of the SWAT models, and over-prediction of the AGNPS models. However, a more comprehensive analysis based on more detailed field observations is needed to further confirm the results.
    MeSH term(s) Agriculture ; Environmental Monitoring ; Models, Theoretical ; Ontario ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Soil ; Water Quality
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184882-3
    ISSN 1095-8630 ; 0301-4797
    ISSN (online) 1095-8630
    ISSN 0301-4797
    DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111427
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Currents Status, Challenges, and Future Directions in Identifying Critical Source Areas for Non-Point Source Pollution in Canadian Conditions

    Rudra, Ramesh P. / Mekonnen, Balew A. / Shukla, Rituraj / Shrestha, Narayan Kumar / Goel, Pradeep K. / Daggupati, Prasad / Biswas, Asim

    Agriculture (Basel). 2020 Oct. 12, v. 10, no. 10

    2020  

    Abstract: Non-point source (NPS) pollution is an important problem that has been threatening freshwater resources throughout the world. Best Management Practices (BMPs) can reduce NPS pollution delivery to receiving waters. For economic reasons, BMPs should be ... ...

    Abstract Non-point source (NPS) pollution is an important problem that has been threatening freshwater resources throughout the world. Best Management Practices (BMPs) can reduce NPS pollution delivery to receiving waters. For economic reasons, BMPs should be placed at critical source areas (CSAs), which are the areas contributing most of the NPS pollution. The CSAs are the areas in a watershed where source coincides with transport factors, such as runoff, erosion, subsurface flow, and channel processes. Methods ranging from simple index-based to detailed hydrologic and water quality (HWQ) models are being used to identify CSAs. However, application of these methods for Canadian watersheds remains challenging due to the diversified hydrological conditions, which are not fully incorporated into most existing methods. The aim of this work is to review potential methods and challenges in identifying CSAs under Canadian conditions. As such, this study: (a) reviews different methods for identifying CSAs; (b) discusses challenges and the current state of CSA identification; and (c) highlights future research directions to address limitations of currently available methods. It appears that applications of both simple index-based methods and detailed HWQ models to determine CSAs are limited in Canadian conditions. As no single method/model is perfect, it is recommended to develop a ‘Toolbox’ that can host a variety of methods to identify CSAs so as to allow flexibility to the end users on the choice of the methods.
    Keywords agriculture ; freshwater ; models ; nonpoint source pollution ; runoff ; subsurface flow ; water quality ; watersheds
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-1012
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 2651678-0
    ISSN 2077-0472
    ISSN 2077-0472
    DOI 10.3390/agriculture10100468
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: A Modeling Approach for Evaluating Watershed-scale Water Quality Benefits of Vegetative Filter Strip - A Case Study in Ontario

    Gupta, Anand K / Dagguupati, Prasad / Gharabaghi, Bahram / Goel, Pradeep K / Rudra, Ramesh P / Shukla, Rituraj

    Applied engineering in agriculture. 2019 May, v. 35, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are globally recognized as an effective BMP in reducing non-point source pollution. Maximum effectiveness of a VFS at a watershed-level could be achieved by adequately installing and sizing a VFS along the edge of the field. ...

    Abstract Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are globally recognized as an effective BMP in reducing non-point source pollution. Maximum effectiveness of a VFS at a watershed-level could be achieved by adequately installing and sizing a VFS along the edge of the field. Existing watershed models have limitations in appropriately representing and modeling VFS at the watershed scale. Therefore, in this research, a new modeling approach consisting of the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) model, AGNPS_VFS toolkit, and a regression equation is developed to explore the effectiveness of VFS applied along the edge of fields. AGNPS cells are identified as locations where the edge of the field VFS is to be installed. Further, the approach was tested with a case study. The model was calibrated and validated for a flow and sediment load at the watershed outlet. Thereafter, the modeling approach is used to compute sediment reducing efficiency (SRE) for the edge of the field VFS. Objectives of this study were to test the effectiveness of uniform VFS (5 x 18 m) lengths located at several locations (draining an upstream area of 3, 4, 6 ha, and at spatially variable locations) within a watershed to demonstrate the ability of the developed approach to evaluate effectiveness of VFS application in sediment abatement. Maximum SRE was observed for VFS placed at spatially variable locations; the developed approach reduced nearly 23.03% of sediment yield, while VFS placed along cells draining an upstream area of 3, 4, and 6 ha removed 9.59%, 12.39%, and 5.91% of sediment loads respectively.
    Keywords agricultural engineering ; case studies ; equations ; filter strips ; hydrologic models ; nonpoint source pollution ; pollution control ; pollution load ; sediment yield ; sediments ; water quality ; watersheds ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-05
    Size p. 271-281.
    Publishing place American Society of Agricultural Engineers
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 54345-7
    ISSN 0883-8542
    ISSN 0883-8542
    DOI 10.13031/aea.13121
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Evaluation of the MIKE SHE Model in a Cold Region

    Oogathoo, Shalini / Prasher, Shiv O / Rudra, Ramesh P / Patel, Ramanbhai M

    Journal of agricultural engineering. 2011 Jan., v. 48, no. 1

    2011  

    Abstract: Given its rapid urbanization, the Canagagigue Creek watershed, located in Grand River Basin (Ontario, Canada), is subjected to shifting hydrological patterns. Consequently, surface runoff was simulated using a watershed-scale model MIKE SHE. The model ... ...

    Abstract Given its rapid urbanization, the Canagagigue Creek watershed, located in Grand River Basin (Ontario, Canada), is subjected to shifting hydrological patterns. Consequently, surface runoff was simulated using a watershed-scale model MIKE SHE. The model was calibrated with four years of data and validated with another four years data. Satisfactory levels of overall correlation (R²) between monitored and model-simulated monthly runoff were: 0.87 and 0.77 for the calibration and validation periods, respectively. Corresponding values of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, 0.86 and 0.75, were similar. The model was also used to simulate different management scenarios, urbanization, deforestation, conversion of pastureland into agriculture, diversification of corn system into cash crops, and application of tile drainage. Urbanization showed little impact on surface runoff as increase in urbanized area was a small fraction of the watershed area. Deforestation considerably increased (11%) the total flow. Change in cropping patterns and installation of drainage system had marginal impacts on the surface runoffs. Overall, the model was able to simulate surface runoff reasonably well on monthly and annual basis, although slightly poorer on daily basis. It was concluded that the model could be used to investigate hydrological behaviour of the watersheds in cold climate.
    Keywords cold ; cold zones ; corn ; deforestation ; models ; pastures ; runoff ; streams ; tile drainage ; urbanization ; watersheds ; Ontario
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-01
    Size p. 26-37.
    Publishing place Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 0976-2418
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Audio / Video: Development of an empirical model for calculating sediment-transport capacity in shallow overland flows: Model calibration

    Guy, Brian T / Dickenson, W. Trevor / Sohrabi, Teymour M / Rudra, Ramesh P

    Biosystems engineering. 2009 June, v. 103, issue 2

    2009  

    Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated the poor performance of fluvial sediment transport equations when applied to overland flow. An empirical sediment-transport capacity model, specifically designed for overland flow, has been developed and calibrated. The ...

    Abstract Previous research has demonstrated the poor performance of fluvial sediment transport equations when applied to overland flow. An empirical sediment-transport capacity model, specifically designed for overland flow, has been developed and calibrated. The model separates the portion of the transport capacity due to flowing water from that due to rainfall impact. Model development has been described by Guy et al. (2009a). This paper outlines model calibration results and model interpretation. Tests of the model are presented in Guy et al. (2009b). Model calibration data were obtained in a 1.50 m long by 0.253 m wide flume, with rainfall supplied by a single-nozzle rainfall simulator, and flow provided by a constant head tank. Sediment was injected into steady flow over an impermeable, roughened bed, at a rate that balanced the outflow. Transport capacity and hydraulic measurements were obtained at five gradients between 1 and 12%, with four test materials covering a range of size and density, four simulated rainfall intensities, and a range of base flow rates. Hydraulic measurements obtained with flows with Reynolds numbers in the laminar flow regime indicated that the depth of zero velocity was raised into the moving sediment layer, such that it exceeded the predictions of the velocity profile model. Surface velocities matched model predictions, such that flow resistance did not need explicit consideration in developing a transport model. The transport component due to flow processes depends on discharge, slope, and material properties, and is similar to the Schoklitsch equation. The significance of bed slope and discharge is between that required by stream power per unit bed area and shear stress. The component due to rainfall impact depends on rainfall intensity, discharge, slope, and relative particle density. Particle size was statistically insignificant but this may be due to the relatively small size range examined. The portion of the transport capacity due to rainfall impact varied from 100% at the lower limit of the study data (at flows less than the fluvial transport thresholds) to approximately 50% at the upper limit. The results suggested that sediment transport can be classified into three types: in shallow flow sediment transport (investigated in this study), the rainfall-impact component of transport capacity increases with discharge, although its relative significance decreases. In intermediate flow sediment transport, the rainfall-impact component decreases to insignificance. In deep flow sediment transport, rainfall does not contribute to the transport capacity.
    Keywords hydrologic models ; sediment transport ; calibration ; overland flow ; equations ; rain ; rain intensity ; prediction ; slope ; particle size
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2009-06
    Size p. 245-255.
    Document type Article ; Audio / Video
    ZDB-ID 2075942-3
    ISSN 1537-5110
    ISSN 1537-5110
    DOI 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.02.013
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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