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  1. Article: Concurrent and Subsequent Co-Infections of Clostridioides difficile Colitis in the Era of Gut Microbiota and Expanding Treatment Options

    Trunfio, Mattia / Scabini, Silvia / Rugge, Walter / Bonora, Stefano / Di Perri, Giovanni / Calcagno, Andrea

    Microorganisms. 2022 June 23, v. 10, no. 7

    2022  

    Abstract: We narratively reviewed the physiopathology, epidemiology, and management of co-infections in Clostridioides difficile colitis (CDI) by searching the following keywords in Embase, MedLine, and PubMed: “Clostridium/Clostridioides difficile”, “co-infection” ...

    Abstract We narratively reviewed the physiopathology, epidemiology, and management of co-infections in Clostridioides difficile colitis (CDI) by searching the following keywords in Embase, MedLine, and PubMed: “Clostridium/Clostridioides difficile”, “co-infection”, “blood-stream infection” (BSI), “fungemia”, “Candida”, “Cytomegalovirus”, “probiotics”, “microbial translocation” (MT). Bacterial BSIs (mainly by Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus) and fungemia (mainly by Candida albicans) may occur in up to 20% and 9% of CDI, increasing mortality and length of hospitalization. Up to 68% of the isolates are multi-drug-resistant bacteria. A pivotal role is played by gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier leakage, and MT. Specific risk factors are represented by CDI-inducing broad-spectrum antibiotics, oral vancomycin use, and CDI severity. Probiotics administration (mainly Saccharomyces and Lactobacillus) during moderate/severe CDI may favor probiotics superinfection. Other co-infections (such as Cytomegalovirus or protozoa) can complicate limited and specific cases. There is mounting evidence that fidaxomicin, bezlotoxumab, and fecal microbiota transplantation can significantly reduce the rate of co-infections compared to historical therapies by interrupting the vicious circle between CDI, treatments, and MT. Bacterial BSIs and candidemia represent the most common co-infections in CDI. Physicians should be aware of this complication to promptly diagnose and treat it and enforce preventive strategies that include a more comprehensive consideration of newer treatment options.
    Keywords Candida albicans ; Clostridium difficile ; Cytomegalovirus ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Enterococcus ; Lactobacillus ; Protozoa ; Saccharomyces ; candidemia ; colitis ; dysbiosis ; epidemiology ; intestinal microorganisms ; intestines ; mixed infection ; mortality ; multiple drug resistance ; pathophysiology ; probiotics ; superinfection ; vancomycin
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0623
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10071275
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Concurrent and Subsequent Co-Infections of

    Trunfio, Mattia / Scabini, Silvia / Rugge, Walter / Bonora, Stefano / Di Perri, Giovanni / Calcagno, Andrea

    Microorganisms

    2022  Volume 10, Issue 7

    Abstract: We narratively reviewed the physiopathology, epidemiology, and management of co-infections ... ...

    Abstract We narratively reviewed the physiopathology, epidemiology, and management of co-infections in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms10071275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Oral doxycycline in HIV-related synchronous malignant syphilis and condyloma lata.

    Avallone, Gianluca / Cavallo, Francesco / Susca, Sara / Mastorino, Luca / Trunfio, Mattia / Bonora, Stefano / Rugge, Walter / Calleri, Guido / Conti, Luca / Senetta, Rebecca / Marra, Elena / Fierro, Maria T / Quaglino, Pietro / Ribero, Simone

    Italian journal of dermatology and venereology

    2023  Volume 157, Issue 6, Page(s) 524–525

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Syphilis/complications ; Syphilis/drug therapy ; Syphilis/pathology ; Doxycycline/therapeutic use ; Syphilis, Cutaneous/pathology ; Condylomata Acuminata/complications ; Condylomata Acuminata/drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Skin Neoplasms ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Doxycycline (N12000U13O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3065415-4
    ISSN 2784-8450
    ISSN (online) 2784-8450
    DOI 10.23736/S2784-8671.22.07232-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.B 119: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 2021: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Article: The Manifesto of Pharmacoenosis: Merging HIV Pharmacology into Pathocoenosis and Syndemics in Developing Countries

    Trunfio, Mattia / Scabini, Silvia / Mornese Pinna, Simone / Rugge, Walter / Alcantarini, Chiara / Pirriatore, Veronica / Di Perri, Giovanni / Bonora, Stefano / Castelnuovo, Barbara / Calcagno, Andrea

    Microorganisms. 2021 July 31, v. 9, no. 8

    2021  

    Abstract: Pathocoenosis and syndemics theories have emerged in the last decades meeting the frequent need of better understanding interconnections and reciprocal influences that coexistent communicable and non-communicable diseases play in a specific population. ... ...

    Abstract Pathocoenosis and syndemics theories have emerged in the last decades meeting the frequent need of better understanding interconnections and reciprocal influences that coexistent communicable and non-communicable diseases play in a specific population. Nevertheless, the attention to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics interactions of co-administered drugs for co-present diseases is to date limitedly paid to alert against detrimental pharmacological combos. Low and middle-income countries are plagued by the highest burden of HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and helminthiasis, and they are experiencing an alarming rise in non-communicable disorders. In these settings, co-infections and comorbidities are common, but no tailored prescribing nor clinical trials are used to assess and exploit existing opportunities for the simultaneous and potentially synergistic treatment of intertwined diseases. Pharmacoenosis is the set of interactions that take place within a host as well as within a population due to the compresence of two or more diseases and their respective treatments. This framework should pilot integrated health programmes and routine clinical practice to face drug–drug interaction issues, avoiding negative co-administrations but also exploiting potential favourable ones to make the best out of the worst situations; still, to date, guiding data on the latter possibility is limited. Therefore, in this narrative review, we have briefly described both detrimental and favourable physiopathological interactions between HIV and other common co-occurring pathologies (malaria, tuberculosis, helminths, and cardiovascular disorders), and we have presented examples of advantageous potential pharmacological interactions among the drugs prescribed for these diseases from a pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics standpoint.
    Keywords drug interactions ; helminthiasis ; helminths ; malaria ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacogenomics ; pharmacokinetics ; tuberculosis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0731
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9081648
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: The Manifesto of Pharmacoenosis: Merging HIV Pharmacology into Pathocoenosis and Syndemics in Developing Countries.

    Trunfio, Mattia / Scabini, Silvia / Mornese Pinna, Simone / Rugge, Walter / Alcantarini, Chiara / Pirriatore, Veronica / Di Perri, Giovanni / Bonora, Stefano / Castelnuovo, Barbara / Calcagno, Andrea

    Microorganisms

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 8

    Abstract: Pathocoenosis and syndemics theories have emerged in the last decades meeting the frequent need of better understanding interconnections and reciprocal influences that coexistent communicable and non-communicable diseases play in a specific population. ... ...

    Abstract Pathocoenosis and syndemics theories have emerged in the last decades meeting the frequent need of better understanding interconnections and reciprocal influences that coexistent communicable and non-communicable diseases play in a specific population. Nevertheless, the attention to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics interactions of co-administered drugs for co-present diseases is to date limitedly paid to alert against detrimental pharmacological combos. Low and middle-income countries are plagued by the highest burden of HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and helminthiasis, and they are experiencing an alarming rise in non-communicable disorders. In these settings, co-infections and comorbidities are common, but no tailored prescribing nor clinical trials are used to assess and exploit existing opportunities for the simultaneous and potentially synergistic treatment of intertwined diseases. Pharmacoenosis is the set of interactions that take place within a host as well as within a population due to the compresence of two or more diseases and their respective treatments. This framework should pilot integrated health programmes and routine clinical practice to face drug-drug interaction issues, avoiding negative co-administrations but also exploiting potential favourable ones to make the best out of the worst situations; still, to date, guiding data on the latter possibility is limited. Therefore, in this narrative review, we have briefly described both detrimental and favourable physiopathological interactions between HIV and other common co-occurring pathologies (malaria, tuberculosis, helminths, and cardiovascular disorders), and we have presented examples of advantageous potential pharmacological interactions among the drugs prescribed for these diseases from a pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics standpoint.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms9081648
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Dual antiretroviral therapies are effective and safe regimens in the central nervous system of neurologically symptomatic people living with HIV.

    Trunfio, Mattia / Rugge, Walter / Mighetto, Lorenzo / Vai, Daniela / Atzori, Cristiana / Nigra, Marco / Domini, Simone / Borgogno, Enrica / Guastamacchia, Giulia / Bonora, Stefano / Di Perri, Giovanni / Calcagno, Andrea

    AIDS (London, England)

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 13, Page(s) 1899–1906

    Abstract: Objective: Aim of this study was to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) virological control, biomarkers and neurocognition of neurologically symptomatic patients on dual antiretroviral therapies (dual therapy) vs. 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Aim of this study was to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) virological control, biomarkers and neurocognition of neurologically symptomatic patients on dual antiretroviral therapies (dual therapy) vs. 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-based three-drug regimens (triple therapy).
    Design: Retrospective monocentric cross-sectional study.
    Methods: We analysed data from people living with HIV undergoing lumbar puncture for clinical/research reasons with plasma HIV-RNA less than 200 copies/ml and neurological/neurocognitive symptoms without significant contributing comorbidities. We measured CSF HIV-RNA, inflammation, blood-brain barrier integrity, neuronal damage and astrocytosis biomarkers (five biomarkers by ELISA and five indices by immunoturbidimetry) and recorded the neurocognitive performance (14 tests). CSF escape was defined as any case of CSF HIV-RNA 0.5 Log10 higher than viraemia or any case of detectable CSF HIV-RNA coupled with undetectable viraemia.
    Results: A total of 78 patients on triple therapy and 19 on dual therapy were included. Overall, 75.3% male, median age 51 years (46-58), current CD4 count 545 cells/μl (349-735), time on current regimens 18 months (8-29), but length of plasma suppression 32 months (14-94). The two groups did not differ in terms of HIV-associated neurological diagnoses, demographic and viro-immunological features. Undetectable CSF HIV-RNA (73.7% in dual therapy vs. 78.2% in triple therapy, p.67) and CSF escape (21.1% in dual therapy vs. 19.2% in triple therapy, p.86) did not differ. No difference was observed in depression, anxiety, neurocognition (in 63 participants) nor in any tested biomarker.
    Conclusion: In people living with HIV with neurological/neurocognitive symptoms, peripherally effective dual therapy can show CSF virosuppression, inflammation, neuronal and astrocyte integrity and neurocognition comparable to triple therapy.
    MeSH term(s) CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Central Nervous System ; Central Nervous System Diseases/virology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/cerebrospinal fluid ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV-1/drug effects ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurocognitive Disorders/drug therapy ; RNA, Viral ; Retrospective Studies ; Viral Load/drug effects
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639076-6
    ISSN 1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    ISSN (online) 1473-5571
    ISSN 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002601
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2228: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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    This service is chargeable due to the Delivery terms set by subito. Orders including an article and supplementary material will be classified as separate orders. In these cases, fees will be demanded for each order.

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