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Article: Disturbanceâmediated Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom (CHAB) formation in a small Ohio reservoir

Ruhl, Nathan / Nicole Sullivan

Lakes & reservoirs. 2017 June, v. 22, no. 2

2017

Abstract: Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CHABs) in lentic waterbodies are becoming increasingly common because of climate change, changes in water usage and eutrophication. This study provides observational evidence that CHAB formation in a small Ohio ... ...

Abstract	Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CHABs) in lentic waterbodies are becoming increasingly common because of climate change, changes in water usage and eutrophication. This study provides observational evidence that CHAB formation in a small Ohio reservoir (Lake Hope) is associated with metalimnetic disturbance during the summer months. Disturbance via lotic interflow may result in the appearance of CHABs in lentic habitats, with cyanobacterial maxima in the metalimnion.
Keywords	algal blooms ; climate change ; eutrophication ; lakes ; lentic systems ; lotic systems ; subsurface flow ; summer ; surface water ; water reservoirs ; water utilization ; Ohio
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-06
Size	p. 161-167.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020624-0
ISSN	1440-1770 ; 1320-5331
ISSN (online)	1440-1770
ISSN	1320-5331
DOI	10.1111/lre.12172
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: It's In The Bag: Tidal Volumes in Adult and Pediatric Bag Valve Masks.

Dafilou, Benjamin / Schwester, Daniel / Ruhl, Nathan / Marques-Baptista, Andreia

The western journal of emergency medicine

2020 Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 722–726

Abstract: Introduction: A bag valve mask (BVM) is a life saving device used by all levels of health care professionals during resuscitative care. We focus most of our time optimizing the patient's position, firmly securing the mask, and frequency of ventilations. ...

Abstract	Introduction: A bag valve mask (BVM) is a life saving device used by all levels of health care professionals during resuscitative care. We focus most of our time optimizing the patient's position, firmly securing the mask, and frequency of ventilations. However, despite our best efforts to control these factors, we may still be precipitating harm to the patient. Multiple studies have shown the tidal volumes typically delivered by the adult BVM are often higher than recommended for lung-protective ventilation protocols. In this study we measure and compare the ventilation parameters delivered by the adult and pediatric BVM ventilators. Methods: A RespiTrainer Advance® adult mannequin was used to simulate a patient. Healthcare providers were directed to manually ventilate an intubated mannequin for two minutes using adult and pediatric sized BVMs. Tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak pressure, and respiration rate was recorded. Results: The adult BVM provided a mean tidal volume of 807.7mL versus the pediatric BVM providing 630.7mL, both of which exceeded the upper threshold of 560mL of tidal volume necessary for lung protective ventilation of an adult male with an ideal body weight of 70kg. The adult BVM exceeded this threshold by 44.2% versus the pediatric BVM's 12.6% with 93% of participants exceeding the maximum threshold with the adult BVM and 82.3% exceeding it with the pediatric BVM. Conclusion: The pediatric BVM in our study provided far more consistent and appropriate ventilation parameters for adult patients compared to an adult BVM, but still exceeded the upper limits of lung protective ventilation parameters. The results of this study highlight the potential dangers in using an adult BVM due to increased risk of pulmonary barotrauma. These higher tidal volumes can contribute to lung injury. This study confirms that smaller BVMs may provide safer ventilatory parameters. Future studies should focus on patient-centered outcomes with BVM.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Lung Injury/etiology ; Lung Injury/prevention & control ; Manikins ; Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation ; Respiration, Artificial/methods ; Respiration, Artificial/standards ; Resuscitation/instrumentation ; Resuscitation/methods ; Resuscitation/standards ; Simulation Training/methods ; Staff Development ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilators, Mechanical/standards
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2375700-0
ISSN	1936-9018 ; 1936-900X
ISSN (online)	1936-9018
ISSN	1936-900X
DOI	10.5811/westjem.2020.3.45788
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Community composition of zooplankton exported from a shallow polymictic reservoir linked to wind conditions.

Ruhl, Nathan / Haban, Desireé / Czajkowski, Caitlyn / Grove, Michael / Richmond, Courtney E

PeerJ

2019 Volume 7, Page(s) e7611

Abstract: Zooplankton exported from lentic systems provision lotic systems with easily captured, consumed, and assimilated prey items. Previous studies have demonstrated that the community composition of zooplankton exports (CCZE) vary over time, which introduces ... ...

Abstract	Zooplankton exported from lentic systems provision lotic systems with easily captured, consumed, and assimilated prey items. Previous studies have demonstrated that the community composition of zooplankton exports (CCZE) vary over time, which introduces temporal differences in lotic resource availability (zooplankton prey) in downstream habitats. In the study presented here, we monitored variation in CCZE from a polymictic reservoir outfall in response to physical-chemical and atmospheric conditions bi-hourly over three different 24-h periods. Community composition of zooplankton export varied over the course of the day, and exports were most closely associated with wind directionality. Future studies of temporal variation in CCZE should incorporate wind conditions, especially in shallow systems where holomixis occurs frequently. Polymictic reservoirs are becoming increasingly common as the global pace of small dam construction quickens, making both the identification of factors influencing CCZE and the impact of zooplankton exports on local biodiversity and ecosystem function increasingly important to understand.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.7611
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Article: Spatial variation in the littoral vertebrate community of a reservoir relative to physical and biological gradients.

Ruhl, Nathan / Soski, Jessica J / Roosenburg, Willem M

PeerJ

2014 Volume 2, Page(s) e693

Abstract: Reservoirs possess gradients in conditions and resources along their long (deep-shallow) axis, but the response of littoral vertebrates (fish and turtles) to these gradients is poorly understood. We have quantified the littoral vertebrate communities ... ...

Abstract	Reservoirs possess gradients in conditions and resources along their long (deep-shallow) axis, but the response of littoral vertebrates (fish and turtles) to these gradients is poorly understood. We have quantified the littoral vertebrate communities throughout a small reservoir in Southeastern Ohio during July and August using traps, and related community composition to environmental variables using NMDS ordination. Ordination revealed that fish and turtles were broadly separated in ordination space, and three distinctly different environmental gradients were significantly associated with the underlying observed species abundances. Observed turtle abundance was explained by measurements of bathymetry, turbidity, and benthic resources, but none of these environmental variables were a reliable predictor of observed fish abundance. Temperature was a poor predictor of observed abundance for both fish and turtles independently, but when fish and turtles were considered together, it became apparent that there were cold areas of the reservoir where observed fish and turtle abundances were different than in other areas of the reservoir. These results suggest that the predictor (environmental) variables we used were appropriate for investigating turtle ecology in reservoirs, but that observed fish abundance is mediated by factors that were not modeled. The efficacy of using traps, the ecological implications of considering fish and turtles together as sympatric and potentially competing species, and directions for future study are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.693
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Article: Applying a reservoir functional-zone paradigm to littoral bluegills: differences in length and catch frequency?

Ruhl, Nathan / DeAngelis, Holly / Crosby, Abigale M / Roosenburg, Willem M

PeerJ

2014 Volume 2, Page(s) e528

Abstract: Reservoirs exhibit gradients in conditions and resources along the transition from lotic to lentic habitat that may be important to bluegill ecology. The lotic-lentic gradient can be partitioned into three functional zones: the riverine, transitional, ... ...

Abstract	Reservoirs exhibit gradients in conditions and resources along the transition from lotic to lentic habitat that may be important to bluegill ecology. The lotic-lentic gradient can be partitioned into three functional zones: the riverine, transitional, and lacustrine zones. We measured catch frequency and length of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) captured along the periphery of these areas (i.e., in the littoral zone of each functional zone) for four small reservoirs in Southeastern Ohio during the summer months of three years. Catch frequency differed between zones for two reservoirs, but these differences were not observed in other years. There was no relationship between reservoir zone and either standard length or catch frequency when the data for all reservoirs were pooled, but we did observe a bimodal length distribution in all reservoirs. A combination of ecological factors including inter and intraspecific competition, predation intensity, management practices, limnology, and assemblage complexity may be mitigating bluegill distribution and abundance in reservoirs. Therefore, a functional zone (categorical) approach to understanding bluegill ecology in reservoirs may not be appropriate.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.528
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Article: Phosphorus loadings associated with a park tourist attraction: limnological consequences of feeding the fish.

Turner, Andrew M / Ruhl, Nathan

Environmental management

2007 Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 526–533

Abstract: The Linesville spillway of Pymatuning State Park is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Pennsylvania, USA, averaging more than 450,000 visitors . year(-1). Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) and waterfowl congregate at the spillway where they are ...

Abstract	The Linesville spillway of Pymatuning State Park is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Pennsylvania, USA, averaging more than 450,000 visitors . year(-1). Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) and waterfowl congregate at the spillway where they are fed bread and other foods by park visitors. We hypothesized that the "breadthrowers" constitute a significant nutrient vector to the upper portion of Pymatuning Reservoir. In the summer of 2002, we estimated phosphorus loadings attributable to breadthrowers, and compared these values to background loadings from Linesville Creek, a major tributary to the upper reservoir. Items fed to fish included bread, donuts, bagels, canned corn, popcorn, corn chips, hot dogs, birthday cakes, and dog food. Phosphorus loading associated with park visitors feeding fish was estimated to be 3233 g day(-1), and estimated P export from the Linesville Creek watershed was 2235 g.day(-1). P loading attributable to breadthrowers exceeded that of the entire Linesville Creek watershed on 33 of the 35 days of study, with only a heavy rainfall event triggering watershed exports that exceeded spillway contributions. Averaged across 5 weeks, breadthrowers contributed 1.45-fold more P to Pymatuning Reservoir than the Linesville Creek watershed. If Linesville Creek P exports are extrapolated to the entire Sanctuary Lake watershed, spillway contributions of P added 48% to the non-point source watershed P entering the lake. Park visitors feeding fish at the Linesville Spillway are a significant source of nutrients entering Sanctuary Lake.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bread ; Carps ; Environmental Monitoring ; Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/analysis ; Humans ; Pennsylvania ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1478932-2
ISSN	1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
ISSN (online)	1432-1009
ISSN	0364-152X
DOI	10.1007/s00267-005-0155-9
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Article: Phosphorus Loadings Associated with a Park Tourist Attraction: Limnological Consequences of Feeding the Fish

Turner, Andrew M / Ruhl, Nathan

Environmental management. 2007 Apr., v. 39, no. 4

2007

Abstract: The Linesville spillway of Pymatuning State Park is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Pennsylvania, USA, averaging more than 450,000 visitors · year-¹. Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) and waterfowl congregate at the spillway where they are ... ...

Abstract	The Linesville spillway of Pymatuning State Park is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Pennsylvania, USA, averaging more than 450,000 visitors · year-¹. Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus) and waterfowl congregate at the spillway where they are fed bread and other foods by park visitors. We hypothesized that the “breadthrowers” constitute a significant nutrient vector to the upper portion of Pymatuning Reservoir. In the summer of 2002, we estimated phosphorus loadings attributable to breadthrowers, and compared these values to background loadings from Linesville Creek, a major tributary to the upper reservoir. Items fed to fish included bread, donuts, bagels, canned corn, popcorn, corn chips, hot dogs, birthday cakes, and dog food. Phosphorus loading associated with park visitors feeding fish was estimated to be 3233 g day-¹, and estimated P export from the Linesville Creek watershed was 2235 g·day-¹. P loading attributable to breadthrowers exceeded that of the entire Linesville Creek watershed on 33 of the 35 days of study, with only a heavy rainfall event triggering watershed exports that exceeded spillway contributions. Averaged across 5 weeks, breadthrowers contributed 1.45-fold more P to Pymatuning Reservoir than the Linesville Creek watershed. If Linesville Creek P exports are extrapolated to the entire Sanctuary Lake watershed, spillway contributions of P added 48% to the non-point source watershed P entering the lake. Park visitors feeding fish at the Linesville Spillway are a significant source of nutrients entering Sanctuary Lake.
Keywords	eutrophication ; carp
Language	English
Dates of publication	2007-04
Size	p. 526-533.
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publishing place	New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1478932-2
ISSN	1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
ISSN (online)	1432-1009
ISSN	0364-152X
DOI	10.1007/s00267-005-0155-9
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Article ; Online: A comparison of methodologies to test aggression in zebrafish.

Way, Gregory P / Ruhl, Nathan / Snekser, Jennifer L / Kiesel, Alexis L / McRobert, Scott P

Zebrafish

2015 Volume 12, Issue 2, Page(s) 144–151

Abstract: Aggression is a psychological construct that is commonly used to classify zebrafish behavior. Aggression is a complex trait that can be difficult to accurately measure. The literature on fish behavior describes many different methodologies to examine ... ...

Abstract	Aggression is a psychological construct that is commonly used to classify zebrafish behavior. Aggression is a complex trait that can be difficult to accurately measure. The literature on fish behavior describes many different methodologies to examine aggression, which, we believe, have not been compared in a formal manner. In this study we observed 19 individual zebrafish (Danio rerio) and quantified bites, lateral displays, charges, darts, and time near the stimulus in six common assays used to measure aggression. The methodologies included an inclined mirror assay, two flat mirror assays with different acclimation periods, a live conspecific assay, a clay model stimulus assay, and a video recording assay. Our results indicate high repeatability in most aggressive behaviors over time, which confirms the value of each assay to measure personality. However, our results also indicate significant differences between the assays. Specifically, assays using a flat mirror or live conspecific as a stimulus for aggression elicited more attempted bites than an inclined mirror, a clay model stimulus, or a video recording stimulus. Furthermore, the inclined mirror stimulus provoked more darts than any other assay. The results suggest the need for researchers to consider specific research goals when selecting the appropriate stimulus to provoke aggression in zebrafish.
MeSH term(s)	Aggression/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Video Recording ; Zebrafish/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2156020-1
ISSN	1557-8542 ; 1545-8547
ISSN (online)	1557-8542
ISSN	1545-8547
DOI	10.1089/zeb.2014.1025
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Article ; Online: Sex differences in a shoaling-boldness behavioral syndrome, but no link with aggression.

Way, Gregory P / Kiesel, Alexis L / Ruhl, Nathan / Snekser, Jennifer L / McRobert, Scott P

Behavioural processes

2015 Volume 113, Page(s) 7–12

Abstract: A behavioral syndrome is observed in a population when specific behaviors overlap at the individual level in different contexts. Here, we explore boldness and aggression personality spectra, the repeatability of shoaling, and possible associated ... ...

Abstract	A behavioral syndrome is observed in a population when specific behaviors overlap at the individual level in different contexts. Here, we explore boldness and aggression personality spectra, the repeatability of shoaling, and possible associated correlations between the behaviors in a population of lab-reared zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our findings describe a sex-specific boldness-shoaling behavioral syndrome, as a link between boldness and shoaling behaviors is detected. The results indicate that bold males are likely to have a stronger shoaling propensity than shy males for unfamiliar conspecifics. Conversely, bold females are more likely to shoal than shy females, but only when presented with heterospecific individuals. Additionally, aggression does not correlate with boldness or shoaling propensity for either sex. A positive relationship between boldness and shoaling that differs by sex is contrary to most of the present literature, but could help to explain population dynamics and may also have evolutionary implications.
MeSH term(s)	Aggression/physiology ; Aggression/psychology ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Personality/physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; Zebrafish
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	196999-7
ISSN	1872-8308 ; 0376-6357
ISSN (online)	1872-8308
ISSN	0376-6357
DOI	10.1016/j.beproc.2014.12.014
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Article ; Online: Interactions between aggression, boldness and shoaling within a brood of convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciatus).

Moss, Sarah / Tittaferrante, Stephanie / Way, Gregory P / Fuller, Ashlei / Sullivan, Nicole / Ruhl, Nathan / McRobert, Scott P

Behavioural processes

2015 Volume 121, Page(s) 63–69

Abstract: A behavioral syndrome is considered present when individuals consistently express correlated behaviors across two or more axes of behavior. These axes of behavior are shy-bold, exploration-avoidance, activity, aggression, and sociability. In this study ... ...

Abstract	A behavioral syndrome is considered present when individuals consistently express correlated behaviors across two or more axes of behavior. These axes of behavior are shy-bold, exploration-avoidance, activity, aggression, and sociability. In this study we examined aggression, boldness and sociability (shoaling) within a juvenile convict cichlid brood (Amatitlania nigrofasciatus). Because young convict cichlids are social, we used methodologies commonly used by ethologists studying social fishes. We did not detect an aggression-boldness behavioral syndrome, but we did find that the aggression, boldness, and possibly the exploration behavioral axes play significant roles in shaping the observed variation in individual convict cichlid behavior. While juvenile convict cichlids did express a shoaling preference, this social preference was likely convoluted by aggressive interactions, despite the small size and young age of the fish. There is a need for the development of behavioral assays that allow for more reliable measurement of behavioral axes in juvenile neo-tropical cichlids.
MeSH term(s)	Aggression ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Cichlids/physiology ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	196999-7
ISSN	1872-8308 ; 0376-6357
ISSN (online)	1872-8308
ISSN	0376-6357
DOI	10.1016/j.beproc.2015.10.012
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