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  1. Article ; Online: Understanding the dynamics of Arctic animal migrations in a changing world

    Davidson Sarah C. / Ruhs Emily Cornelius

    Animal Migration, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 56-

    2021  Volume 64

    Abstract: This is submitted as an introduction to the special collection on, “Arctic Migrations in a Changing World”. ...

    Abstract This is submitted as an introduction to the special collection on, “Arctic Migrations in a Changing World”.
    Keywords arctic ; bio-logging ; climate change ; distribution ; migration ; movement ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher De Gruyter
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Leukocyte allometries in birds are not affected by captivity.

    Martin, Lynn B / Ruhs, Emily Cornelius / Oakey, Samantha / Downs, Cynthia J

    Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology

    2022  Volume 337, Issue 5, Page(s) 576–582

    Abstract: Body size affects many traits, but often in allometric, or disproportionate ways. For example, large avian and mammalian species circulate far more of some immune cells than expected for their size based on simple geometric principles. To date, such ... ...

    Abstract Body size affects many traits, but often in allometric, or disproportionate ways. For example, large avian and mammalian species circulate far more of some immune cells than expected for their size based on simple geometric principles. To date, such hypermetric immune scaling has mostly been described in zoo-dwelling individuals, so it remains obscure whether immune hyper-allometries have any natural relevance. Here, we asked whether granulocyte and lymphocyte allometries in wild birds differ from those described in captive species. Our previous allometric studies of avian immune cell concentrations were performed on animals kept for their lifetimes in captivity where conditions are benign and fairly consistent. In natural conditions, infection, stress, nutrition, climate, and myriad other forces could alter immune traits and hence mask any interspecific scaling relationships between immune cells and body size. Counter to this expectation, we found no evidence that immune cell allometries differed between captive and wild species, although we had to rely on cell proportion data, as insufficient concentration data were available for wild species. Our results indicate that even in variable and challenging natural contexts, immune allometries endure and might affect disease ecology and evolution.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Birds ; Body Size ; Climate ; Leukocytes ; Mammals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1474896-4
    ISSN 2471-5646 ; 1932-5223 ; 2471-5646 ; 1932-5231 ; 1552-499X
    ISSN (online) 2471-5646 ; 1932-5223
    ISSN 2471-5646 ; 1932-5231 ; 1552-499X
    DOI 10.1002/jez.2591
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Understanding the dynamics of Arctic animal migrations in a changing world

    Davidson, Sarah C. / Ruhs, Emily Cornelius

    Animal Migration. 2021 Dec. 22, v. 8, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: This is submitted as an introduction to the special collection on, “Arctic Migrations in a Changing World”. ...

    Abstract This is submitted as an introduction to the special collection on, “Arctic Migrations in a Changing World”.
    Keywords animals ; migratory behavior ; Arctic region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1222
    Size p. 56-64.
    Publishing place De Gruyter
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2084-8838
    DOI 10.1515/ami-2020-0114
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article ; Online: The impacts of body mass on immune cell concentrations in birds.

    Ruhs, Emily Cornelius / Martin, Lynn B / Downs, Cynthia J

    Proceedings. Biological sciences

    2020  Volume 287, Issue 1934, Page(s) 20200655

    Abstract: Body mass affects many biological traits, but its impacts on immune defences are fairly unknown. Recent research on mammals found that neutrophil concentrations disproportionately increased (scaled hypermetrically) with body mass, a result not predicted ... ...

    Abstract Body mass affects many biological traits, but its impacts on immune defences are fairly unknown. Recent research on mammals found that neutrophil concentrations disproportionately increased (scaled hypermetrically) with body mass, a result not predicted by any existing theory. Although the scaling relationship for mammals might predict how leucocyte concentrations scale with body mass in other vertebrates, vertebrate classes are distinct in many ways that might affect their current and historic interactions with parasites and hence the evolution of their immune systems. Subsequently, here, we asked which existing scaling hypothesis best-predicts relationships between body mass and lymphocyte, eosinophil and heterophil concentrations-the avian functional equivalent of neutrophils-among more than 100 species of birds. We then examined the predictive power of body mass relative to life-history variation, as extensive literature indicates that the timing of key life events has influenced immune system variation among species. Finally, we ask whether avian scaling patterns differ from the patterns we observed in mammals. We found that an intercept-only model best explained lymphocyte and eosinophil concentrations among birds, indicating that the concentrations of these cell types were both independent of body mass. For heterophils, however, body mass explained 31% of the variation in concentrations among species, much more than life-history variation (4%). As with mammalian neutrophils, avian heterophils scaled hypermetrically (
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds ; Body Size ; Immune System ; Life History Traits ; Phylogeny
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 209242-6
    ISSN 1471-2954 ; 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    ISSN (online) 1471-2954
    ISSN 0080-4649 ; 0962-8452 ; 0950-1193
    DOI 10.1098/rspb.2020.0655
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1364: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  5. Article ; Online: A themed collection of research articles focused on stress physiology of bird migration

    Davis Andrew K. / Ruhs Emily Cornelius

    Animal Migration, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2019  Volume 3

    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher De Gruyter
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Future Directions to Manage Wildlife Health in a Changing Climate.

    Hofmeister, Erik / Ruhs, Emily Cornelius / Fortini, Lucas Berio / Hopkins, M Camille / Jones, Lee / Lafferty, Kevin D / Sleeman, Jonathan / LeDee, Olivia

    EcoHealth

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 329–334

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Climate ; Climate Change ; Forecasting
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2164327-1
    ISSN 1612-9210 ; 1612-9202
    ISSN (online) 1612-9210
    ISSN 1612-9202
    DOI 10.1007/s10393-022-01604-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7528: Show issues
    Zs Bio Ecohealth: Show issues

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  7. Article: The impacts of body mass on immune cell concentrations in birds

    Ruhs, Emily Cornelius / Martin, Lynn B / Downs, Cynthia J

    Proc Biol Sci

    Abstract: Body mass affects many biological traits, but its impacts on immune defences are fairly unknown. Recent research on mammals found that neutrophil concentrations disproportionately increased (scaled hypermetrically) with body mass, a result not predicted ... ...

    Abstract Body mass affects many biological traits, but its impacts on immune defences are fairly unknown. Recent research on mammals found that neutrophil concentrations disproportionately increased (scaled hypermetrically) with body mass, a result not predicted by any existing theory. Although the scaling relationship for mammals might predict how leucocyte concentrations scale with body mass in other vertebrates, vertebrate classes are distinct in many ways that might affect their current and historic interactions with parasites and hence the evolution of their immune systems. Subsequently, here, we asked which existing scaling hypothesis best-predicts relationships between body mass and lymphocyte, eosinophil and heterophil concentrations-the avian functional equivalent of neutrophils-among more than 100 species of birds. We then examined the predictive power of body mass relative to life-history variation, as extensive literature indicates that the timing of key life events has influenced immune system variation among species. Finally, we ask whether avian scaling patterns differ from the patterns we observed in mammals. We found that an intercept-only model best explained lymphocyte and eosinophil concentrations among birds, indicating that the concentrations of these cell types were both independent of body mass. For heterophils, however, body mass explained 31% of the variation in concentrations among species, much more than life-history variation (4%). As with mammalian neutrophils, avian heterophils scaled hypermetrically (b = 0.19 ± 0.05), but more steeply than mammals (approx. 1.5 ×; 0.11 ± 0.03). As such, we discuss why birds might require more broadly protective cells compared to mammals of the same body size. Overall, body mass appears to have strong influences on the architecture of immune systems.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #32900319
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Applications of VirScan to broad serological profiling of bat reservoirs for emerging zoonoses.

    Ruhs, Emily Cornelius / Chia, Wan Ni / Foo, Randy / Peel, Alison J / Li, Yimei / Larman, H Benjamin / Irving, Aaron T / Wang, Linfa / Brook, Cara E

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1212018

    Abstract: Introduction: Bats are important providers of ecosystem services such as pollination, seed dispersal, and insect control but also act as natural reservoirs for virulent zoonotic viruses. Bats host multiple viruses that cause life-threatening pathology ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Bats are important providers of ecosystem services such as pollination, seed dispersal, and insect control but also act as natural reservoirs for virulent zoonotic viruses. Bats host multiple viruses that cause life-threatening pathology in other animals and humans but, themselves, experience limited pathological disease from infection. Despite bats' importance as reservoirs for several zoonotic viruses, we know little about the broader viral diversity that they host. Bat virus surveillance efforts are challenged by difficulties of field capture and the limited scope of targeted PCR- or ELISA-based molecular and serological detection. Additionally, virus shedding is often transient, thus also limiting insights gained from nucleic acid testing of field specimens. Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq), a broad serological tool used previously to comprehensively profile viral exposure history in humans, offers an exciting prospect for viral surveillance efforts in wildlife, including bats.
    Methods: Here, for the first time, we apply PhIP-Seq technology to bat serum, using a viral peptide library originally designed to simultaneously assay exposures to the entire human virome.
    Results: Using VirScan, we identified past exposures to 57 viral genera-including betacoronaviruses, henipaviruses, lyssaviruses, and filoviruses-in semi-captive
    Discussion: Overall, our work emphasizes the utility of applying biomedical tools, like PhIP-Seq, first developed for humans to viral surveillance efforts in wildlife, while highlighting opportunities for taxon-specific improvements.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Disease Reservoirs ; Ecosystem ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Zoonoses ; Chiroptera
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-22
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1212018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Do feather traits convey information about bird condition during fall migration?

    Ruhs, Emily Cornelius / Borden, Diane M / Dallas, Tad / Pitman, Evan

    Wilson journal of ornithology. 2019 Oct. 10, v. 131, no. 3

    2019  

    Abstract: Long-distance migration is energetically costly and often has a significant impact on bird health and condition. Therefore, understanding the health status of birds during long-distance migration is of ecological interest; however, obtaining invasive ... ...

    Title translation ¿Las características de las plumas nos dan información sobre la condición de las aves durante la migración de otoño?
    Abstract Long-distance migration is energetically costly and often has a significant impact on bird health and condition. Therefore, understanding the health status of birds during long-distance migration is of ecological interest; however, obtaining invasive health measures is not always feasible or practical. Bird feathers can provide information about individual bird condition independent of invasive and expensive blood tests and have been used previously as indicators of condition, even long after the season of feather growth. Here, we investigated this question using 2 migratory songbirds in North America, Western Palm Warblers (Setophaga palmarum palmarum), which have conspicuous white patches on their tail feathers, and Gray Catbirds (Dumetella carolinensis), which have prominent daily growth bars on their tail feathers. Feathers were collected from birds captured on Jekyll Island, Georgia, during their fall migration. From the feathers we quantified the size of white patches on warbler rectrices and estimated growth bar length (as an index of feather growth rate) on catbird rectrices using image analysis. We also obtained 2 measures of bird health for each species: estimates of white blood cell abundance from blood smears (immune status) and size-corrected body mass (body condition). Analyses of feather traits and how they relate to bird health indicated that warblers (n = 42) with larger white patches had significantly higher body condition indices, although no association with white blood cell abundance, and catbirds (n = 27) with faster feather growth had significantly lower white blood cell abundance, but no association with body condition. Given the utility of these feather characteristics, our results suggest these metrics can be used to provide some insights into the biology of songbirds during one of the most critical portions of the annual cycle, migration.
    Keywords Setophaga ; body condition ; feathers ; health status ; hematologic tests ; image analysis ; leukocytes ; migratory birds ; songbirds ; tail ; Georgia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1010
    Size p. 693-701.
    Publishing place Wilson Ornithological Society
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2256217-5
    ISSN 1938-5447 ; 1559-4491
    ISSN (online) 1938-5447
    ISSN 1559-4491
    DOI 10.1676/18-174
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article ; Online: Consequences of being phenotypically mismatched with the environment: no evidence of oxidative stress in cold- and warm-acclimated birds facing a cold spell.

    Jimenez, Ana Gabriela / Ruhs, Emily Cornelius / Tobin, Kailey J / Anderson, Katie N / Le Pogam, Audrey / Regimbald, Lyette / Vézina, François

    The Journal of experimental biology

    2020  Volume 223, Issue Pt 8

    Abstract: Seasonal changes in maximal thermogenic capacity ( ...

    Abstract Seasonal changes in maximal thermogenic capacity (
    MeSH term(s) Acclimatization ; Animals ; Cold Temperature ; Oxidative Stress ; Songbirds ; Thermogenesis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218085-6
    ISSN 1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
    ISSN (online) 1477-9145
    ISSN 0022-0949
    DOI 10.1242/jeb.218826
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2629: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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