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  1. Article ; Online: Proteomic evidences for microcystin-RR-induced toxicological alterations in mice liver

    Ashutosh Kumar Rai / Rupesh Chaturvedi / Ashok Kumar

    Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 14

    Abstract: Abstract This study deals with the isolation and purification of an important variant of microcystins namely microcystin-RR (MCYST-RR) from Microcystis aeruginosa and reports its effects on mice liver protein profile and cellular functions. Protein ... ...

    Abstract Abstract This study deals with the isolation and purification of an important variant of microcystins namely microcystin-RR (MCYST-RR) from Microcystis aeruginosa and reports its effects on mice liver protein profile and cellular functions. Protein profiling by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed changes in the number and accumulation of protein spots in liver of mice treated with different concentrations of MCYST-RR. Untreated (control) mice liver showed 368 protein spots while the number was 355, 348 and 332 in liver of mice treated with 200, 300 and 400 µg kg body wt−1 of MCYST-RR respectively. Altogether 102, 97, and 92 spots were differentially up-accumulated and 93, 91, and 87 spots were down- accumulated respectively with the treatment of 200, 300, 400 µg kg body wt−1. Eighteen differentially accumulated proteins present in all the four conditions were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Of these eighteen proteins, 12 appeared to be involved in apoptosis/toxicological manifestations. Pathway analysis by Reactome and PANTHER database also mapped the identified proteins to programmed cell death/apoptosis clade. That MCYST-RR induces apoptosis in liver tissues was also confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay. Results of this study elucidate the proteomic basis for the hepatotoxicity of MCYST-RR which is otherwise poorly understood till date.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570 ; 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Reductive metabolites of curcumin and their therapeutic effects

    Achyut Pandey / Maya Chaturvedi / Shruti Mishra / Pramod Kumar / Pallavi Somvanshi / Rupesh Chaturvedi

    Heliyon, Vol 6, Iss 11, Pp e05469- (2020)

    2020  

    Abstract: Curcumin, a secondary metabolite from the turmeric plant is one of the most promising natural products, which has been studied extensively for decades. It has demonstrated several pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo. Various studies have ... ...

    Abstract Curcumin, a secondary metabolite from the turmeric plant is one of the most promising natural products, which has been studied extensively for decades. It has demonstrated several pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo. Various studies have indicated that the pharmacological activity of curcumin is contributed by its metabolites.The aim of this review is to present an overview of metabolic products of curcumin produced upon its reduction like di, tetra, hexa and octa-hydrocurcumin. In addition, this paper has systematically analyzed the current information regarding medicinal use of reduced metabolites of curcumin and identified the limitations which have hindered its widespread usage in the medical world. Several diverse therapeutic effects have shown to be exhibited by reduced metabolites of curcumin such as antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. The potential underlying molecular mechanisms of the biological activities of reduced metabolites of curcumin have also been highlighted, which may provide insight into the principle of effectiveness of curcumin.
    Keywords Curcumin ; Dihydrocurcumin ; Tetrahydrocurcumin ; Hexahydrocurcumin ; Octahydrocurcumin ; Alternative medicine ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 500
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Publisher Correction

    Mayank Krishna / Shruti Gupta / Manuel Delgado – Baquerizo / Elly Morriën / Satish Chandra Garkoti / Rupesh Chaturvedi / Shandar Ahmad

    Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    Successional trajectory of bacterial communities in soil are shaped by plant-driven changes during secondary succession

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

    Abstract An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: High Abundance of genus Prevotella in the gut of perinatally HIV-infected children is associated with IP-10 levels despite therapy

    Urvinder S. Kaur / Anita Shet / Niharika Rajnala / Bindu Parachalil Gopalan / Preeti Moar / Himanshu D / Balendra Pratap Singh / Rupesh Chaturvedi / Ravi Tandon

    Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 16

    Abstract: Abstract Perinatal HIV infection is characterized by faster HIV disease progression and higher initial rate of HIV replication compared to adults. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly reduced HIV replication to undetectable levels, there is ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Perinatal HIV infection is characterized by faster HIV disease progression and higher initial rate of HIV replication compared to adults. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly reduced HIV replication to undetectable levels, there is persistent elevated inflammation associated with HIV disease progression. Alteration of gut microbiota is associated with increased inflammation in chronic adult HIV infection. Here, we aim to study the gut microbiome and its role in inflammation in treated and untreated HIV-infected children. Examination of fecal microbiota revealed that perinatally infected children living with HIV had significantly higher levels of genus Prevotella that persisted despite ART. These children also had higher levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14), a marker of microbial translocation, and IP-10 despite therapy. The Prevotella positively correlated with IP-10 levels in both treated and untreated HIV-infected children, while genus Prevotella and species Prevotella copri was inversely associated with CD4 count. Relative abundance of genus Prevotella and species Prevotella copri showed positive correlation with sCD14 in ART-suppressed perinatally HIV-infected children. Our study suggests that gut microbiota may serve as one of the driving forces behind the persistent inflammation in children despite ART. Reshaping of microbiota using probiotics may be recommended as an adjunctive therapy along with ART.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: Arginase 2 deletion leads to enhanced M1 macrophage activation and upregulated polyamine metabolism in response to Helicobacter pylori infection

    Hardbower, Dana M / Keith T. Wilson / M. Blanca Piazuelo / Mohammad Asim / Nuruddeen D. Lewis / Robert A. Casero Jr / Rupesh Chaturvedi / Thomas Verriere / Tracy Murray-Stewart

    Amino acids. 2016 Oct., v. 48, no. 10

    2016  

    Abstract: We reported that arginase 2 (ARG2) deletion results in increased gastritis and decreased bacterial burden during Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Our studies implicated a potential role for inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2), as Arg2 ⁻/⁠...

    Abstract We reported that arginase 2 (ARG2) deletion results in increased gastritis and decreased bacterial burden during Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Our studies implicated a potential role for inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS2), as Arg2 ⁻/⁻ mice exhibited increased NOS2 levels in gastric macrophages, and NO can kill H. pylori. We now bred Arg2 ⁻/⁻ to Nos2 ⁻/⁻ mice, and infected them with H. pylori. Compared to wild-type mice, both Arg2 ⁻/⁻ and Arg2 ⁻/⁻ ;Nos2 ⁻/⁻ mice exhibited increased gastritis and decreased colonization, the latter indicating that the effect of ARG2 deletion on bacterial burden was not mediated by NO. While Arg2 ⁻/⁻ mice demonstrated enhanced M1 macrophage activation, Nos2 ⁻/⁻ and Arg2 ⁻/⁻ ;Nos2 ⁻/⁻ mice did not demonstrate these changes, but exhibited increased CXCL1 and CXCL2 responses. There was an increased expression of the Th1/Th17 cytokines, interferon gamma and interleukin 17, in gastric tissues and splenic T-cells from Arg2 ⁻/⁻, but not Nos2 ⁻/⁻ or Arg2 ⁻/⁻ ;Nos2 ⁻/⁻ mice. Gastric tissues from infected Arg2 ⁻/⁻ mice demonstrated increased expression of arginase 1, ornithine decarboxylase, adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1, spermidine/spermine N ¹-acetyltransferase 1, and spermine oxidase, along with increased spermine levels. These data indicate that ARG2 deletion results in compensatory upregulation of gastric polyamine synthesis and catabolism during H. pylori infection, which may contribute to increased gastric inflammation and associated decreased bacterial load. Overall, the finding of this study is that ARG2 contributes to the immune evasion of H. pylori by restricting M1 macrophage activation and polyamine metabolism.
    Keywords adenosylmethionine decarboxylase ; arginase ; chemokine CXCL1 ; chemokine CXCL2 ; gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori ; immune evasion ; inducible nitric oxide synthase ; inflammation ; interferon-gamma ; interleukin-17 ; macrophage activation ; macrophages ; metabolism ; mice ; microbial load ; nitric oxide ; ornithine decarboxylase ; spermidine ; spermine ; T-lymphocytes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-10
    Size p. 2375-2388.
    Publishing place Springer Vienna
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1121341-3
    ISSN 1438-2199 ; 0939-4451
    ISSN (online) 1438-2199
    ISSN 0939-4451
    DOI 10.1007/s00726-016-2231-2
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Berberine induces caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells through activation of apoptosis-inducing factor.

    Lihong Wang / Liping Liu / Yan Shi / Hanwei Cao / Rupesh Chaturvedi / M Wade Calcutt / Tianhui Hu / Xiubao Ren / Keith T Wilson / D Brent Polk / Fang Yan

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e

    2012  Volume 36418

    Abstract: Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plants, is a traditional medicine for treating bacterial diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections. Although berberine has recently been shown to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines, information ... ...

    Abstract Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid derived from plants, is a traditional medicine for treating bacterial diarrhea and intestinal parasite infections. Although berberine has recently been shown to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines, information regarding the effect of berberine on colon tumor growth is limited. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of berberine on regulating the fate of colon tumor cells, specifically the mouse immorto-Min colonic epithelial (IMCE) cells carrying the Apc(min) mutation, and of normal colon epithelial cells, namely young adult mouse colonic epithelium (YAMC) cells. Berberine decreased colon tumor colony formation in agar, and induced cell death and LDH release in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in IMCE cells. In contrast, YAMC cells were not sensitive to berberine-induced cell death. Berberine did not stimulate caspase activation, and PARP cleavage and berberine-induced cell death were not affected by a caspase inhibitor in IMCE cells. Rather, berberine stimulated a caspase-independent cell death mediator, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) release from mitochondria and nuclear translocation in a ROS production-dependent manner. Amelioration of berberine-stimulated ROS production or suppression of AIF expression blocked berberine-induced cell death and LDH release in IMCE cells. Furthermore, two targets of ROS production in cells, cathepsin B release from lysosomes and PARP activation were induced by berberine. Blockage of either of these pathways decreased berberine-induced AIF activation and cell death in IMCE cells. Thus, berberine-stimulated ROS production leads to cathepsin B release and PARP activation-dependent AIF activation, resulting in caspase-independent cell death in colon tumor cells. Notably, normal colon epithelial cells are less susceptible to berberine-induced cell death, which suggests the specific inhibitory effects of berberine on colon tumor cell growth.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Difluoromethylornithine is a novel inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori growth, CagA translocation, and interleukin-8 induction.

    Daniel P Barry / Mohammad Asim / David A Leiman / Thibaut de Sablet / Kshipra Singh / Robert A Casero / Rupesh Chaturvedi / Keith T Wilson

    PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 2, p e

    2011  Volume 17510

    Abstract: Helicobacter pylori infects half the world's population, and carriage is lifelong without antibiotic therapy. Current regimens prescribed to prevent infection-associated diseases such as gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric cancer can be thwarted by ... ...

    Abstract Helicobacter pylori infects half the world's population, and carriage is lifelong without antibiotic therapy. Current regimens prescribed to prevent infection-associated diseases such as gastroduodenal ulcers and gastric cancer can be thwarted by antibiotic resistance. We reported that administration of 1% D,L-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to mice infected with H. pylori reduces gastritis and colonization, which we attributed to enhanced host immune response due to inhibition of macrophage ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Although no ODC has been identified in any H. pylori genome, we sought to determine if DFMO has direct effects on the bacterium. We found that DFMO significantly reduced the growth rate of H. pylori in a polyamine-independent manner. Two other gram-negative pathogens possessing ODC, Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium, were resistant to the DFMO effect. The effect of DFMO on H. pylori required continuous exposure to the drug and was reversible when removed, with recovery of growth rate in vitro and the ability to colonize mice. H. pylori exposed to DFMO were significantly shorter in length than those untreated and they contained greater internal levels of ATP, suggesting severe effects on bacterial metabolism. DFMO inhibited expression of the H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin associated gene A, and its translocation and phosphorylation in gastric epithelial cells, which was associated with a reduction in interleukin-8 expression. These findings suggest that DFMO has effects on H. pylori that may contribute to its effectiveness in reducing gastritis and colonization and may be a useful addition to anti-H. pylori therapies.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: L-arginine supplementation improves responses to injury and inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium colitis.

    Lori A Coburn / Xue Gong / Kshipra Singh / Mohammad Asim / Brooks P Scull / Margaret M Allaman / Christopher S Williams / Michael J Rosen / M Kay Washington / Daniel P Barry / M Blanca Piazuelo / Robert A Casero / Rupesh Chaturvedi / Zhongming Zhao / Keith T Wilson

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e

    2012  Volume 33546

    Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), results in substantial morbidity and is difficult to treat. New strategies for adjunct therapies are needed. One candidate is the semi-essential amino acid, L- ... ...

    Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), results in substantial morbidity and is difficult to treat. New strategies for adjunct therapies are needed. One candidate is the semi-essential amino acid, L-arginine (L-Arg), a complementary medicine purported to be an enhancer of immunity and vitality in the lay media. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) as a murine colonic injury and repair model with similarities to human UC, we assessed the effect of L-Arg, as DSS induced increases in colonic expression of the y(+) cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CAT2) and L-Arg uptake. L-Arg supplementation improved the clinical parameters of survival, body weight loss, and colon weight, and reduced colonic permeability and the number of myeloperoxidase-positive neutrophils in DSS colitis. Luminex-based multi-analyte profiling demonstrated that there was a marked reduction in proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression with L-Arg treatment. Genomic analysis by microarray demonstrated that DSS-treated mice supplemented with L-Arg clustered more closely with mice not exposed to DSS than to those receiving DSS alone, and revealed that multiple genes that were upregulated or downregulated with DSS alone exhibited normalization of expression with L-Arg supplementation. Additionally, L-Arg treatment of mice with DSS colitis resulted in increased ex vivo migration of colonic epithelial cells, suggestive of increased capacity for wound repair. Because CAT2 induction was sustained during L-Arg treatment and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) requires uptake of L-Arg for generation of NO, we tested the effect of L-Arg in iNOS(-/-) mice and found that its benefits in DSS colitis were eliminated. These preclinical studies indicate that L-Arg supplementation could be a potential therapy for IBD, and that one mechanism of action may be functional enhancement of iNOS activity.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Cationic amino acid transporter 2 enhances innate immunity during Helicobacter pylori infection.

    Daniel P Barry / Mohammad Asim / Brooks P Scull / M Blanca Piazuelo / Thibaut de Sablet / Nuruddeen D Lewis / Lori A Coburn / Kshipra Singh / Lesley G Ellies / Alain P Gobert / Rupesh Chaturvedi / Keith T Wilson

    PLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 12, p e

    2011  Volume 29046

    Abstract: Once acquired, Helicobacter pylori infection is lifelong due to an inadequate innate and adaptive immune response. Our previous studies indicate that interactions among the various pathways of arginine metabolism in the host are critical determinants of ... ...

    Abstract Once acquired, Helicobacter pylori infection is lifelong due to an inadequate innate and adaptive immune response. Our previous studies indicate that interactions among the various pathways of arginine metabolism in the host are critical determinants of outcomes following infection. Cationic amino acid transporter 2 (CAT2) is essential for transport of L-arginine (L-Arg) into monocytic immune cells during H. pylori infection. Once within the cell, this amino acid is utilized by opposing pathways that lead to elaboration of either bactericidal nitric oxide (NO) produced from inducible NO synthase (iNOS), or hydrogen peroxide, which causes macrophage apoptosis, via arginase and the polyamine pathway. Because of its central role in controlling L-Arg availability in macrophages, we investigated the importance of CAT2 in vivo during H. pylori infection. CAT2(-/-) mice infected for 4 months exhibited decreased gastritis and increased levels of colonization compared to wild type mice. We observed suppression of gastric macrophage levels, macrophage expression of iNOS, dendritic cell activation, and expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in CAT2(-/-) mice suggesting that CAT2 is involved in enhancing the innate immune response. In addition, cytokine expression in CAT2(-/-) mice was altered from an antimicrobial Th1 response to a Th2 response, indicating that the transporter has downstream effects on adaptive immunity as well. These findings demonstrate that CAT2 is an important regulator of the immune response during H. pylori infection.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Helicobacter pylori promotes the expression of Krüppel-like factor 5, a mediator of carcinogenesis, in vitro and in vivo.

    Jennifer M Noto / Tinatin Khizanishvili / Rupesh Chaturvedi / M Blanca Piazuelo / Judith Romero-Gallo / Alberto G Delgado / Shradha S Khurana / Johanna C Sierra / Uma S Krishna / Giovanni Suarez / Anne E Powell / James R Goldenring / Robert J Coffey / Vincent W Yang / Pelayo Correa / Jason C Mills / Keith T Wilson / Richard M Peek

    PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e

    2013  Volume 54344

    Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori expresses a repertoire of virulence factors that increase gastric cancer risk, including the cag pathogenicity island and the vacuolating ... ...

    Abstract Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori expresses a repertoire of virulence factors that increase gastric cancer risk, including the cag pathogenicity island and the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA). One host element that promotes carcinogenesis within the gastrointestinal tract is Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcription factor that mediates key cellular functions. To define the role of KLF5 within the context of H. pylori-induced inflammation and injury, human gastric epithelial cells were co-cultured with the wild-type cag(+) H. pylori strain 60190. KLF5 expression was significantly upregulated following co-culture with H. pylori, but increased expression was independent of the cag island or VacA. To translate these findings into an in vivo model, C57BL/6 mice were challenged with the wild-type rodent-adapted cag(+) H. pylori strain PMSS1 or a PMSS1 cagE(-) isogenic mutant. Similar to findings in vitro, KLF5 staining was significantly enhanced in gastric epithelium of H. pylori-infected compared to uninfected mice and this was independent of the cag island. Flow cytometry revealed that the majority of KLF5(+) cells also stained positively for the stem cell marker, Lrig1, and KLF5(+)/Lrig1(+) cells were significantly increased in H. pylori-infected versus uninfected tissue. To extend these results into the natural niche of this pathogen, levels of KLF5 expression were assessed in human gastric biopsies isolated from patients with or without premalignant lesions. Levels of KLF5 expression increased in parallel with advancing stages of neoplastic progression, being significantly elevated in gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia compared to normal gastric tissue. These results indicate that H. pylori induces expression of KLF5 in gastric epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and that the degree of KLF5 expression parallels the severity of premalignant lesions in human gastric carcinogenesis.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 570
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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