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  1. Article ; Online: Hotspots and super-spreaders

    Luigi Sedda / Robert S McCann / Alinune N Kabaghe / Steven Gowelo / Monicah M Mburu / Tinashe A Tizifa / Michael G Chipeta / Henk van den Berg / Willem Takken / Michèle van Vugt / Kamija S Phiri / Russell Cain / Julie-Anne A Tangena / Christopher M Jones

    PLoS Pathogens, Vol 18, Iss 7, p e

    Modelling fine-scale malaria parasite transmission using mosquito flight behaviour.

    2022  Volume 1010622

    Abstract: Malaria hotspots have been the focus of public health managers for several years due to the potential elimination gains that can be obtained from targeting them. The identification of hotspots must be accompanied by the description of the overall network ...

    Abstract Malaria hotspots have been the focus of public health managers for several years due to the potential elimination gains that can be obtained from targeting them. The identification of hotspots must be accompanied by the description of the overall network of stable and unstable hotspots of malaria, especially in medium and low transmission settings where malaria elimination is targeted. Targeting hotspots with malaria control interventions has, so far, not produced expected benefits. In this work we have employed a mechanistic-stochastic algorithm to identify clusters of super-spreader houses and their related stable hotspots by accounting for mosquito flight capabilities and the spatial configuration of malaria infections at the house level. Our results show that the number of super-spreading houses and hotspots is dependent on the spatial configuration of the villages. In addition, super-spreaders are also associated to house characteristics such as livestock and family composition. We found that most of the transmission is associated with winds between 6pm and 10pm although later hours are also important. Mixed mosquito flight (downwind and upwind both with random components) were the most likely movements causing the spread of malaria in two out of the three study areas. Finally, our algorithm (named MALSWOTS) provided an estimate of the speed of malaria infection progression from house to house which was around 200-400 meters per day, a figure coherent with mark-release-recapture studies of Anopheles dispersion. Cross validation using an out-of-sample procedure showed accurate identification of hotspots. Our findings provide a significant contribution towards the identification and development of optimal tools for efficient and effective spatio-temporal targeted malaria interventions over potential hotspot areas.
    Keywords Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article: In search of the behavioural correlates of optical flow patterns in the automated assessment of broiler chicken welfare

    Dawkins, Marian Stamp / Kathryn Merelie / Russell Cain / Stephen J. Roberts

    Applied animal behaviour science. 2013 Apr., v. 145, no. 1-2

    2013  

    Abstract: Assessment of chicken welfare using camera surveillance of behaviour has great potential as a supplement to good stockmanship and as an aid to improving flock management. Suitable cameras are now readily available and the automated analysis of the ... ...

    Abstract Assessment of chicken welfare using camera surveillance of behaviour has great potential as a supplement to good stockmanship and as an aid to improving flock management. Suitable cameras are now readily available and the automated analysis of the lengthy video sequences from the cameras can be accomplished from statistical descriptors of the ‘optical flow’ patterns produced by flock movements. However, although optical flow measures have been shown to correlate with welfare outputs such as mortality, hockburn, pododermatitis and gait score, it is not yet clear how the optical flow algorithms achieve this – i.e. what variation in behaviour of individuals the cameras are picking up.The aim of this paper is to clarify the relationship between optical flow, behaviour and welfare by correlating optical flow (mean, variance, skew and kurtosis) taken from 15min video sequences of commercial broilers at 25 days of age with bird behaviour recorded from the same sequences and with welfare measures from the same flocks (n=24). There were no significant between-flock correlations (r2) between mean optical flow and % birds walking, % sitting/lying, walking speed or an estimate of the numbers of birds walking continuously for 10s. or longer (p>0.02, 2-tailed). Mean % birds walking was, however, significantly and negatively correlated with hock burn (r2=−0.44 p<0.05). Skew and kurtosis of optical flow showed no correlation with % birds walking, % birds sitting/lying or with walking speed (p>0.02) but were significantly and positively correlated with the number of birds walking continuously for at least 10s (for skew, r2=0.51, p<0.01; for kurtosis, r2=0.46, p<0.05).We conclude that there is no simple connection between optical flow and behaviour or between the behaviour recorded here and mortality, hockburn, pododermatis and gait score. However, reduced numbers of birds walking continuously for 10s or more appear to be responsible for the increased kurtosis of flow in flocks with higher (less good) gait scores. Optical flow measures correlate more strongly these welfare outcomes than any single behavioural measure.
    Keywords algorithms ; broiler chickens ; cameras ; correlation ; flocks ; footrot ; gait ; hock ; monitoring ; mortality ; variance ; walking
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-04
    Size p. 44-50.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 591645-8
    ISSN 0168-1591
    ISSN 0168-1591
    DOI 10.1016/j.applanim.2013.02.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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