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  1. Article: Effects of Apocynin on Heart Muscle Oxidative Stress of Rats with Experimental Diabetes: Implications for Mitochondria.

    Bravo-Sánchez, Estefanía / Peña-Montes, Donovan / Sánchez-Duarte, Sarai / Saavedra-Molina, Alfredo / Sánchez-Duarte, Elizabeth / Montoya-Pérez, Rocío

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 3

    Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase ... ...

    Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, exhibiting beneficial effects against diabetic complications. Hence, the present study's goal was to dissect the possible mechanisms by which apocynin could mediate its cardioprotective effect against DM-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: Control (C), control + apocynin (C+A), diabetes (D), diabetes + apocynin (D+A). DM was induced with streptozotocin. Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was applied for 5 weeks. Treatment significantly decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. In cardiac tissue, ROS levels were higher, and catalase enzyme activity was reduced in the D group compared to the C group; the apocynin treatment significantly attenuated these responses. In heart mitochondria, Complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly enhanced in the D+A group. Total glutathione, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio were increased in the D+A group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were without change. Apocynin enhances glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, preserving the antioxidant defense and mitochondrial function.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox10030335
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Effects of Apocynin on Heart Muscle Oxidative Stress of Rats with Experimental Diabetes: Implications for Mitochondria

    Bravo-Sánchez, Estefanía / Peña-Montes, Donovan / Sánchez-Duarte, Sarai / Saavedra-Molina, Alfredo / Sánchez-Duarte, Elizabeth / Montoya-Pérez, Rocío

    Antioxidants. 2021 Feb. 24, v. 10, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase ... ...

    Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, exhibiting beneficial effects against diabetic complications. Hence, the present study’s goal was to dissect the possible mechanisms by which apocynin could mediate its cardioprotective effect against DM-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: Control (C), control + apocynin (C+A), diabetes (D), diabetes + apocynin (D+A). DM was induced with streptozotocin. Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was applied for 5 weeks. Treatment significantly decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. In cardiac tissue, ROS levels were higher, and catalase enzyme activity was reduced in the D group compared to the C group; the apocynin treatment significantly attenuated these responses. In heart mitochondria, Complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly enhanced in the D+A group. Total glutathione, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio were increased in the D+A group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were without change. Apocynin enhances glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, preserving the antioxidant defense and mitochondrial function.
    Keywords NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming) ; antioxidant activity ; blood glucose ; cardioprotective effect ; catalase ; electron transport chain ; enzyme activity ; glucose ; glutathione ; glutathione peroxidase ; hyperglycemia ; insulin resistance ; males ; mitochondria ; myocardium ; oxidative stress ; public health ; reactive oxygen species ; streptozotocin ; superoxide dismutase
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0224
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox10030335
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Apocynin Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction by Mitigating ROS Generation and Boosting Antioxidant Defenses in Fast-Twitch and Slow-Twitch Muscles.

    Sánchez-Duarte, Sarai / Montoya-Pérez, Rocío / Márquez-Gamiño, Sergio / Vera-Delgado, Karla S / Caudillo-Cisneros, Cipriana / Sotelo-Barroso, Fernando / Sánchez-Briones, Luis A / Sánchez-Duarte, Elizabeth

    Life (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 5

    Abstract: In response to diabetes mellitus, skeletal muscle is negatively affected, as is evident by reduced contractile force production, increased muscle fatigability, and increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Apocynin is a widely used NADPH oxidase ... ...

    Abstract In response to diabetes mellitus, skeletal muscle is negatively affected, as is evident by reduced contractile force production, increased muscle fatigability, and increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Apocynin is a widely used NADPH oxidase inhibitor, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. It has been effective for amelioration of a variety of disorders, including diabetic complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects and action mechanisms of apocynin in slow- and fast-twitch diabetic rat muscles. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by applying intraperitoneally a single dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was administered over 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin tolerance and body weight gain were measured. Both slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) skeletal muscles were used for muscle function evaluation, oxidative stress markers, and evaluating gene expression using qRT-PCR. Treatment with apocynin significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance. Apocynin also prevented muscle contractile dysfunction in EDL muscle but had no significant effect on this parameter in soleus muscles. However, in both types of muscles, apocynin mitigated the oxidative stress by decreasing ROS levels and increasing total glutathione levels and redox state. Concomitantly, apocynin also statistically enhanced Nrf-2 and GLU4 mRNA expression and downregulated NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB mRNA. Collectively, apocynin exhibits properties myoprotective in diabetic animals. These findings indicate that apocynin predominantly acts as an antioxidant in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles but has differential impact on contractile function.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662250-6
    ISSN 2075-1729
    ISSN 2075-1729
    DOI 10.3390/life12050674
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Nicorandil decreases oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers of diabetic rats by improving the glutathione system functioning.

    Sánchez-Duarte, Sarai / Márquez-Gamiño, Sergio / Montoya-Pérez, Rocío / Villicaña-Gómez, Erick Andrés / Vera-Delgado, Karla Susana / Caudillo-Cisneros, Cipriana / Sotelo-Barroso, Fernando / Melchor-Moreno, Ma Teresa / Sánchez-Duarte, Elizabeth

    Journal of diabetes investigation

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 1152–1161

    Abstract: Aims/introduction: Myopathy is a common complication of any diabetes type, consisting in failure to preserve mass and muscular function. Oxidative stress has been considered one of the main causes for this condition. This study aimed to search if ... ...

    Abstract Aims/introduction: Myopathy is a common complication of any diabetes type, consisting in failure to preserve mass and muscular function. Oxidative stress has been considered one of the main causes for this condition. This study aimed to search if Nicorandil, a K
    Materials and methods: Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by applying intraperitoneally streptozotocin (STZ) at 100 mg/kg doses. Nicorandil (3 mg/kg/day) was administered along 4 weeks. An insulin tolerance test and assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), TBARS, reduced (GSH), and disulfide (GSSG) glutathione levels, GSH/GSSG ratio, and mRNA expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes were performed at end of treatment in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles.
    Results: Nicorandil significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance in diabetic rats. In gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, Nicorandil attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation (TBARS), increasing total glutathione and modulating GPX1-mRNA expression in both muscle's types. Nicorandil also increased GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio and downregulated the GCLC- and GSR-mRNA in gastrocnemius, without significative effect on those enzymes' mRNA expression in diabetic soleus muscle.
    Conclusions: In diabetic rats, Nicorandil attenuates oxidative stress in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles by improving the glutathione system functioning. The underlying mechanisms for the modulation of glutathione redox state and the transcriptional expression of glutathione metabolism-related genes seem to be fiber type-dependent.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Glutathione/drug effects ; Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects ; Male ; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/drug effects ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects ; Nicorandil/pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Streptozocin ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Nicorandil (260456HAM0) ; Streptozocin (5W494URQ81) ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-20
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2625840-7
    ISSN 2040-1124 ; 2040-1116
    ISSN (online) 2040-1124
    ISSN 2040-1116
    DOI 10.1111/jdi.13513
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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