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  1. Article ; Online: The impact of Turkey’s water resources development on the flow regime of the Tigris River in Iraq

    Torabi Haghighi, Ali / Akbari, Mahdi / Noori, Roohollah / Danandeh Mehr, Ali / Gohari, Alireza / Sönmez, Mehmet Emin / Abou Zaki, Nizar / Yilmaz, Nese / Kløve, B.

    Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2023 Aug., v. 48 p.101454-

    2023  

    Abstract: Once, the Tigris River (with its twin, the Euphrates) was the remarkable river in the west of Asia, making Mesopotamia a cradle of civilization thousands of years ago. Upstream anthropogenic activity has choked the Tigris River, the connecting lifeline ... ...

    Abstract Once, the Tigris River (with its twin, the Euphrates) was the remarkable river in the west of Asia, making Mesopotamia a cradle of civilization thousands of years ago. Upstream anthropogenic activity has choked the Tigris River, the connecting lifeline across Iraq, and, due to droughts and desertification, caused the country to be plagued by poverty. Here, we give a perspective on flow regime alteration in the main corridor of the Tigris River at five crucial points (Cizre, Mosul, Baiji, Baghdad, and Kut) before and after the planned water resources development in Turkey. Turkey’s Tigris River regulation goal is to generate about 7247 GWh of energy and irrigate over 640,000 ha of farmlands. We reconstructed the natural flow along the Tigris River. In addition, to evaluate hydrological droughts, we proposed a modified streamflow drought index (MSDI) and compared it with the original streamflow drought index (SDI). The results show that the worst hydrological conditions could be found below the Samarra barrage in Iraq before the Tigris River regulation in Turkey. This negative hydrological condition will be extended to the whole corridor of the Tigris River in Iraq after the implementation of Turkey's goal. As a result, for example, Cizre and Mosul will experience extreme conditions in 37.5–87.5% of the years; this means a considerable reduction in the Mosul reservoire’s inflow (135–326 m³/sec). Consequently, some parts of Mosul's hydropower and reservoir capacity will be useless, and hydrological drought upstream of the Samarra barrage will be dominated.
    Keywords Lipotes vexillifer ; anthropogenic activities ; desertification ; drought ; energy ; poverty ; river regulation ; rivers ; stream flow ; water power ; Iraq ; Ilisu dam ; Modified streamflow index ; Impoundment ; River impact
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-08
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2814784-4
    ISSN 2214-5818
    ISSN 2214-5818
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101454
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: An index-based approach for assessment of upstream-downstream flow regime alteration

    Torabi Haghighi, Ali / Yaraghi, Navid / Sönmez, Mehmet Emin / Darabi, Hamid / Kum, Gülşen / Çelebi, Ahmet / Kløve, Bjørn

    Journal of hydrology. 2021 Sept., v. 600

    2021  

    Abstract: River regulation is challenging when there is diverse upstream and downstream interest, leading to regional and international conflict. However, quantifying the upstream-downstream flow regime changes and their causes are given less consideration in the ... ...

    Abstract River regulation is challenging when there is diverse upstream and downstream interest, leading to regional and international conflict. However, quantifying the upstream-downstream flow regime changes and their causes are given less consideration in the river basin. In this study, we presented three new ratios for downstream-upstream low flow contribution (DUL), downstream-upstream high flow contribution ratio (DUH), and meteorological-hydrological drought ratio (MHD), for an integrated assessment of flow regime alteration across the river basin. To test the methods, we compared flow regime alteration upstream and downstream in the Ceyhan basin in central Turkey, which was significantly modified by agriculture between 1984 and 2018 (the irrigated area increased 2.8-fold, rainfed farming decreased by 67.6%). Our analysis revealed a clear change in the contribution of low and high flow seasons to annual flow in the last station of the river at Misis after 1984, but no considerable change in upstream tributaries. In the last decade (2005–2014) and the second half (1995–2014) of the study, the frequency of hydrological droughts increased, while meteorological droughts followed a stationary pattern. Evaluation of the impact of anthropogenic activities on river regime (by comparing flow regime characteristics after 1984 with those from 1975 to 1984 as post- and pre-impact periods) revealed low to incipient impact upstream (Hanköy, Karaahmet, and Kadirli river headwaters), severe impact below the Aslantaş dam in the basin center, and moderate impact at the last station on the Ceyhan river. The new metrics provide supplementary information on the flow regime alteration in the basin and can be introduced as a novel quantitative measure to recognize the driving factor of droughts.
    Keywords Turkey (country) ; basins ; drought ; hydrology ; irrigated farming ; river regulation ; rivers ; watersheds
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1473173-3
    ISSN 1879-2707 ; 0022-1694
    ISSN (online) 1879-2707
    ISSN 0022-1694
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126697
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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