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Article ; Online: Population-Level Nutritional Well-Being

Kaydian S. Reid

Healthcare, Vol 11, Iss 817, p

Nutrition Security and Equitability

2023 Volume 817

Abstract: Nutrition is essential to sustaining the quality of life and a fundamental right of all people [.] ...

Abstract	Nutrition is essential to sustaining the quality of life and a fundamental right of all people [.]
Keywords	n/a ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A global evaluation of daily to seasonal aerosol and water vapor relationships using a combination of AERONET and NAAPS reanalysis data

J. I. Rubin / J. S. Reid / P. Xian / C. M. Selman / T. F. Eck

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 23, Pp 4059-

2023 Volume 4090

Abstract: The co-transport of aerosol particles and water vapor has long been noted in the literature, with a myriad of implications such as air mass characterization, radiative transfer, and data assimilation. Here, the relationship between aerosol optical depth ( ...

Abstract	The co-transport of aerosol particles and water vapor has long been noted in the literature, with a myriad of implications such as air mass characterization, radiative transfer, and data assimilation. Here, the relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitable water vapor (PW) is evaluated to our knowledge for the first time globally, at daily to seasonal levels using approximately 20 years of NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observational data and the 16-year Navy Aerosol Analysis Prediction System (NAAPS) reanalysis v1.0 (NAAPS-RA) model fields. The combination of AERONET observations with small uncertainties and the reanalysis fields with global coverage is used to provide a best estimate of the seasonal AOD and PW relationships, including an evaluation of correlations, slope, and PW probability distributions for identification of statistically significant differences in PW for high-AOD events. The relationships produced from the AERONET and NAAPS-RA datasets were compared against each other and showed consistency, indicating that the NAAPS-RA provides a realistic representation of the AOD and PW relationship. The analysis includes layer AOD and PW relationships for proxies of the planetary boundary layer and the lower, middle, and upper free troposphere. The dominant AOD and PW relationship is positive, supported by both AERONET and model evaluation, which varies in strength by season and location. These relationships were found to be statistically significant and present across the globe, observed on an event-by-event level. Evaluations at individual AERONET sites implicate synoptic-scale transport as a contributing factor in these relationships at daily levels. Negative AOD and PW relationships were identified and predominantly associated with regional dry-season timescales in which biomass burning is the predominant aerosol type. This is not an indication of dry-air association with smoke for an individual event but is a reflection of the overall dry conditions leading to more ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) UV aerosol index data analysis over the Arctic region for future data assimilation and climate forcing applications

B. T. Sorenson / J. Zhang / J. S. Reid / P. Xian / S. L. Jaker

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 23, Pp 7161-

2023 Volume 7175

Abstract: Due to a lack of high-latitude ground-based and satellite-based data from traditional passive- and active-based measurements, the impact of aerosol particles on the Arctic region is one of the least understood factors contributing to recent Arctic sea ... ...

Abstract	Due to a lack of high-latitude ground-based and satellite-based data from traditional passive- and active-based measurements, the impact of aerosol particles on the Arctic region is one of the least understood factors contributing to recent Arctic sea ice changes. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using the ultraviolet (UV) aerosol index (AI) parameter from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), a semi-quantitative aerosol parameter, for quantifying spatiotemporal changes in UV-absorbing aerosols over the Arctic region. We found that OMI AI data are affected by an additional row anomaly that is unflagged by the OMI quality control flag and are systematically biased as functions of observing conditions, such as azimuth angle, and certain surface types over the Arctic region, resulting in an anomalous “ring” of climatologically high AI centered at about 70 ∘ N, surrounding an area of low AI over the pole. Two methods were developed in this study for quality-assuring the Arctic AI data. Using quality-controlled OMI AI data from 2005 through 2020, we found decreases in UV-absorbing aerosols in the spring months (April and May) over much of the Arctic region and increases in UV-absorbing aerosols in the summer months (June, July, and August) over northern Russia and northern Canada. Additionally, we found significant increases in the frequency and size of UV-absorbing aerosol events across the Arctic and high-Arctic (north of 80 ∘ N) regions for the latter half of the study period (2014–2020), driven primarily by a significant increase in boreal biomass-burning plume coverage.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cryo-EM structure of the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC4 in lipid nanodiscs

Michelle S Reid / David M Kern / Stephen Graf Brohawn

eLife, Vol

2020 Volume 9

Abstract: Cation-chloride-cotransporters (CCCs) catalyze transport of Cl- with K+ and/or Na+across cellular membranes. CCCs play roles in cellular volume regulation, neural development and function, audition, regulation of blood pressure, and renal function. CCCs ... ...

Abstract	Cation-chloride-cotransporters (CCCs) catalyze transport of Cl- with K+ and/or Na+across cellular membranes. CCCs play roles in cellular volume regulation, neural development and function, audition, regulation of blood pressure, and renal function. CCCs are targets of clinically important drugs including loop diuretics and their disruption has been implicated in pathophysiology including epilepsy, hearing loss, and the genetic disorders Andermann, Gitelman, and Bartter syndromes. Here we present the structure of a CCC, the Mus musculus K+-Cl- cotransporter (KCC) KCC4, in lipid nanodiscs determined by cryo-EM. The structure, captured in an inside-open conformation, reveals the architecture of KCCs including an extracellular domain poised to regulate transport activity through an outer gate. We identify binding sites for substrate K+ and Cl- ions, demonstrate the importance of key coordinating residues for transporter activity, and provide a structural explanation for varied substrate specificity and ion transport ratio among CCCs. These results provide mechanistic insight into the function and regulation of a physiologically important transporter family.
Keywords	ion transport ; potassium chloride cotransporter ; cryo-EM ; nanodisc ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Albedo Impacts of Changing Agricultural Practices in the United States through Space-Borne Analysis

Jon Starr / Jianglong Zhang / Jeffrey S. Reid / David C. Roberts

Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 2887, p

2020 Volume 2887

Abstract: Using the collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service’s Cropland Data Layer (CDL), the ... ...

Abstract	Using the collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Agricultural Statistics Service’s Cropland Data Layer (CDL), the daily albedo of homogenous agricultural fields was derived for 51 common United States field crops by wavelength, sky-type, day of year, crop, and hardiness zone from 2015–2018. This study suggests that crop growth can result in changes in reflectivity up to a factor of 2 at most wavelengths and is unique per crop type in timing and range. Additionally, broadband impacts were studied and found to be less conspicuous than the individual wavelengths, but still significant. The results were used to evaluate a common method of cropland albedo estimation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a proxy for albedo, and this method was found to have some significant limitations dependent on wavelength and date. Finally, a database of surface albedo variations as a function of growing period is constructed for common field crops to the United States (as well as additional land-cover types). This database can be used to aid both satellite remote-sensing applications and long-term weather modeling efforts by providing a method for parameter adjustments based on crop driven albedo changes, including changes in cropland composition related to commodity markets and other external factors.
Keywords	remote sensing ; agriculture ; albedo ; broadband ; NDVI ; BRDF ; Science ; Q
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The effect of undergraduate students on district health services delivery in the Western Cape Province South Africa

S Reid / H Conradie / D Daniels-Felix

African Journal of Health Professions Education, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 56-

2018 Volume 60

Abstract: Background. The quality of care, attitudes of staff and long-term recruitment of practitioners have been shown internationally to improve health services as a result of a health facility accepting students for teaching. This study aimed to develop ... ...

Abstract	Background. The quality of care, attitudes of staff and long-term recruitment of practitioners have been shown internationally to improve health services as a result of a health facility accepting students for teaching. This study aimed to develop further insight regarding the impact of undergraduate student involvement on district health services in South Africa to understand the issues in a resource-constrained environment.Objectives. To describe the effect of the placement of undergraduate students on service delivery, and to understand the health service and academic factors that influence this effect.Methods. A descriptive study, using qualitative methods, was undertaken in two rural sites where undergraduate health science students had been recently introduced. Potential respondents were identified to be interviewed on the basis of their positions in the health services, their degree of involvement with students and their knowledge of the health system.Results. Sixteen participants were interviewed, and described the effect of undergraduate students on service delivery in terms of a balance between the burden and benefit. Three pivotal issues, which could tip the balance in favour of one or the other, included the length of time of student rotations, seniority of the students and number of students allocated to a particular site. Overall, it would appear that the balance was marginally in favour of the benefit of student service delivery.Conclusion. Undergraduate students can add value to service delivery under certain conditions, but further research is needed to quantify this effect.
Keywords	Education ; L ; Education (General) ; L7-991 ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	South African Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Compulsory community service for doctors in South Africa

J Peacocke / S Reid / S Kornik / G Wolvaardt

South African Medical Journal, Vol 108, Iss 9, Pp 741-

A 15year review

2018 Volume 747

Abstract: Background. Compulsory community service (CS) for health professionals for 12 months was introduced in South Africa (SA) in 1998, starting with medical practitioners. Up to 2014, a total of 17 413 newly qualified doctors and ~44 000 health professionals ... ...

Abstract	Background. Compulsory community service (CS) for health professionals for 12 months was introduced in South Africa (SA) in 1998, starting with medical practitioners. Up to 2014, a total of 17 413 newly qualified doctors and ~44 000 health professionals had completed their year of service in public health facilities around the country. While a number of studies have described the experience and effects of CS qualitatively, none has looked at the programme longitudinally.Objectives. To describe the findings and analyse trends from surveys of CS doctors between 2000 and 2014, specifically with regard to their distribution, support, feedback and career plans.Methods. A consecutive cross-sectional descriptive study design was used based on annual national surveys of CS doctors. The study population of between 1 000 and 1 300 each year was surveyed with regard to their origins, allocations, experiences of the year and future career plans.Results. The total study population varied between 1 057 and 1 308 each year, with response rates of 20 - 77%. The average turn-up rate of 89% showed a decreasing tendency, while 77% of respondents were satisfied with the allocation process. Over the 15-year period, the proportion of CS doctors who were black and received a study bursary, and who were allocated to rural areas and district hospitals, increased. The great majority believed that they had made a difference (91%) and developed professionally (81%) over the course of the year, but only about half felt adequately supported clinically and administratively. The attitude towards CS of the majority of respondents shifted significantly from neutral to positive over the course of the 15 years. In terms of future career plans, 50% hoped to specialise, a decreasing minority to go overseas or into private practice, and a constant 15% to work in rural or underserved areas.Conclusions. This study is the first to track the experience of compulsory CS over time in any country in order to describe the trends once it had become ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	South African Medical Association
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Investigation of CATS aerosol products and application toward global diurnal variation of aerosols

L. Lee / J. Zhang / J. S. Reid / J. E. Yorks

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 19, Pp 12687-

2019 Volume 12707

Abstract: We present a comparison of 1064 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol extinction profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) level 2 aerosol product with collocated Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD, Moderate Imaging ... ...

Abstract	We present a comparison of 1064 nm aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol extinction profiles from the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) level 2 aerosol product with collocated Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD, Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua and Terra Dark Target AOD and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) AOD and extinction data for the period of March 2015–October 2017. Upon quality-assurance checks of CATS data, reasonable agreement is found between aerosol data from CATS and other sensors. Using quality-assured CATS aerosol data, for the first time, variations in AODs and aerosol extinction profiles are evaluated at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 UTC (and/or 00:00, 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 local time or LT) on both regional and global scales. This study suggests that marginal variations are found in AOD from a global mean perspective, with the minimum aerosol extinction values found at 18:00 LT near the surface layer for global oceans, for both the June–November and December–May seasons. Over land, below 500 m, the daily minimum and maximum aerosol extinction values are found at 12:00 and 00:00/06:00 LT, respectively. Strong diurnal variations are also found over north Africa, the Middle East and India for the December–May season, and over north Africa, south Africa, the Middle East and India for the June–November season.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Fish nursery habitat function of the main channel, floodplain tributaries and oxbow lakes of a mediumâsized river

Naus, Christopher J / S. Reid Adams

Ecology of freshwater fish. 2018 Jan., v. 27, no. 1

2018

Abstract: Small, adventitious tributaries (<3 orders of magnitude smaller than the stream it flows into) are a conspicuous feature of many riverâfloodplain systems, but their value as fish reproduction and nursery habitat is not well understood compared to oxbow ...

Abstract	Small, adventitious tributaries (<3 orders of magnitude smaller than the stream it flows into) are a conspicuous feature of many riverâfloodplain systems, but their value as fish reproduction and nursery habitat is not well understood compared to oxbow lakes and the main river channel (MRC). Moreover, connectivity of tributaries to the MRC is often less impacted by anthropogenic modifications (e.g., dams and levees) compared to oxbow lakes. From April to July 2012, larval and juvenile fish were collected in the Fourche LaFave River (Arkansas, USA) system to better understand fish nursery habitat function of tributaries relative to oxbow lakes and the MRC. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of juvenile and larval fish genera revealed distinct fish assemblages in MRC and floodplain habitats. Ordination of juvenile fish at the species level resulted in distinct fish assemblages in tributary versus oxbow lake habitats. Tributaries had more unique species and higher abundance of shared species than oxbow lakes and MRC. Additionally, of the 46 species identified, all but six were collected in lower tributary reaches. Connectivity was strongly associated with both ordinations and was important in describing patterns of fish variation among habitats and between tributaries. Of the tributaries sampled, the least fragmented stream had the most similar fish assemblages between upper and lower sections. Findings of this study revealed tributaries are an important, yet overlooked, feature in the riverâfloodplain model. Especially in years of drought, channelâfloodplain connectivity can be limited, but tributaries can be used by fishes for reproduction and nursery habitat.
Keywords	drought ; fish larvae ; floodplains ; habitats ; juveniles ; models ; multidimensional scaling ; oxbow lakes ; reproduction ; rivers ; streams ; Arkansas
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-01
Size	p. 4-18.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	913011-1
ISSN	0906-6691
ISSN	0906-6691
DOI	10.1111/eff.12319
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A study of 15-year aerosol optical thickness and direct shortwave aerosol radiative effect trends using MODIS, MISR, CALIOP and CERES

R. Alfaro-Contreras / J. Zhang / J. S. Reid / S. Christopher

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 17, Pp 13849-

2017 Volume 13868

Abstract: By combining Collection 6 Moderate Resolution and Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Version 22 Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) aerosol products with Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) flux products, the aerosol optical ... ...

Abstract	By combining Collection 6 Moderate Resolution and Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Version 22 Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) aerosol products with Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) flux products, the aerosol optical thickness (AOT, at 0.55 µm) and shortwave (SW) aerosol radiative effect (SWARE) trends are studied over ocean for the near-full Terra (2000–2015) and Aqua (2002–2015) data records. Despite differences in sampling methods, regional SWARE and AOT trends are highly correlated with one another. Over global oceans, weak SWARE (cloud-free SW flux) and AOT trends of 0.5–0.6 W m −2 (−0.5 to −0.6 W m −2 ) and 0.002 AOT decade −1 are found using Terra data. Near-zero AOT and SWARE trends are also found for using Aqua data, regardless of the angular distribution models (ADMs) used. Regionally, positive AOT and cloud-free SW flux (negative SWARE) trends are found over the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, while statistically significant negative trends are derived over the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern US coast. In addition, the global mean instantaneous SW aerosol direct forcing efficiencies are found to be ∼ −60 W m −2 AOT −1 , with corresponding SWARE values of ∼ −7 W m −2 from both Aqua and Terra data, again regardless of CERES ADMs used. Regionally, SW aerosol direct forcing efficiency values of ∼ −40 W m −2 AOT −1 are found over the southwest coast of Africa where smoke aerosol particles dominate in summer. Larger (in magnitude) SW aerosol direct forcing efficiency values of −50 to −80 W m −2 AOT −1 are found over several other dust- and pollutant-aerosol-dominated regions. Lastly, the AOT and SWARE trends from this study are also intercompared with aerosol trends (such as active-based ones) from several previous studies. Findings suggest that a cohesive understanding of the changing aerosol skies can be achieved through the analysis of observations from both passive- and active-based analyses, as well as from both narrowband and ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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