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Article ; Online: Fluid migrations and volcanic earthquakes from depolarized ambient noise

S. Petrosino / L. De Siena

Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Deep fluids inside volcanoes disrupt the oscillations of signals produced by wind and sea. Imaging this disruption through space and time allows tracking hazardous fluid migrations leading to earthquakes before they reach the surface. ...

Abstract	Deep fluids inside volcanoes disrupt the oscillations of signals produced by wind and sea. Imaging this disruption through space and time allows tracking hazardous fluid migrations leading to earthquakes before they reach the surface.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Directional amplification and ground motion polarization in Casamicciola area (Ischia volcanic island) after the 21 August 2017 Md 4.0 earthquake

M. Pischiutta / S. Petrosino / R. Nappi

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: In this paper, we investigated ground motion directional amplification and horizontal polarization using ambient noise measurements performed in the northern sector of Ischia Island which suffered damage (VIII EMS) during the 21 August 2017, Md 4.0 ... ...

Abstract	In this paper, we investigated ground motion directional amplification and horizontal polarization using ambient noise measurements performed in the northern sector of Ischia Island which suffered damage (VIII EMS) during the 21 August 2017, Md 4.0 earthquake. Over 70 temporary seismic stations were installed by the INGV EMERSITO task force, whose aim is to monitor site effects after damaging earthquakes in Italy. To investigate ground motion directional amplification effects, we have applied three different techniques, testing their performance: the HVSR calculation by rotating the two horizontal components, the covariance matrix analysis, and time–frequency domain polarization analysis. These techniques resulted in coherent outcomes, highlighting the occurrence of directional amplification and polarization effects in two main sectors of the investigated area. Our results suggest an interesting pattern for ground motion polarization, that is mainly controlled by recent fault activity and hydrothermal fluid circulation characterizing the northern sector of the Ischia Island.
Keywords	site amplification effects ; directional amplification ; ground motion polarization ; Casamicciola earthquake ; fault damage zone ; coseismic ruptures ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Low frequency seismic source investigation in volcanic environment

S. Petrosino / P. Cusano

Advances in Geosciences, Vol 52, Pp 29-

the Mt. Vesuvius atypical case

2020 Volume 39

Abstract: We present a detailed analysis of the low frequency seismicity occurred at Mt. Vesuvius in the time range 2003–2018. This kind of seismicity is atypical for the volcano and poorly studied, therefore we characterized it in terms of spectral analysis, ... ...

Abstract	We present a detailed analysis of the low frequency seismicity occurred at Mt. Vesuvius in the time range 2003–2018. This kind of seismicity is atypical for the volcano and poorly studied, therefore we characterized it in terms of spectral analysis, waveform cross-correlation, location and polarization properties. The different decay patterns of the spectra, the existence of both earthquake families as well as single events, the relatively wide seismogenic volume inferred from the locations and polarization features, indicate that the events are caused by distinct source mechanisms: slow brittle failure in dry rocks and resonance of fluid-filled cracks. On these basis, we classified the earthquakes as Low Frequency (LF) and Long Period (LP). Despite the differences between the two classes, both the event types are ascribable to the dynamics of the deep hydrothermal reservoir which induces variations of the fluid pore pressure in the medium. The fluid amount involved in the generation process, as well as the physical-chemical properties of the surrounding rocks are the essential factors that control the occurrence of a mechanism rather than the other.
Keywords	Science ; Q ; Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Dynamic and structural geology ; QE500-639.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spectral analysis of ground thermal image temperatures

T. Caputo / P. Cusano / S. Petrosino / F. Sansivero / G. Vilardo

Advances in Geosciences, Vol 52, Pp 55-

what we are learning at Solfatara volcano (Italy)

2020 Volume 65

Abstract: The Solfatara volcano in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), is monitored by different, permanent ground networks handled by INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), including thermal infrared cameras (TIRNet). The TIRNet network is composed ...

Abstract	The Solfatara volcano in the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), is monitored by different, permanent ground networks handled by INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), including thermal infrared cameras (TIRNet). The TIRNet network is composed by five stations equipped with FLIR A645SC or A655SC thermal cameras acquiring at nightime infrared scenes of portions of the Solfatara area characterized by significant thermal anomalies. The dataset processed in this work consists of daily maximum temperatures time-series from 25 April 2014 to 31 May 2019, acquired by three TIRNet stations (SF1 and SF2 inside Solfatara crater, and PIS near Pisciarelli boiling mud pool), and also consists of atmospheric pressure and air temperature time-series. Data pre-processing was carried out in order to remove the seasonal components and the influence of the Earth tides to the selected time-series. By using the STL algorithm (Seasonal Decomposition of Time Series by Loess), the time-series were decomposed into three components (seasonal, trend and remainder) to find seasonality and remove it. Then, a harmonic analysis was performed on the de-seasonalized signals in order to identify and remove the long-period tidal constituents (mainly fortnightly and monthly). Finally, Power Spectral Density was calculated by FFT Matlab algorithm, after applying an acausal Butterworth filter, focusing on the [15–120] d band, to check if characteristic periodicities exist for each site. The reliability and significance of the spectral peaks were proved by statistical and empirical methods. We found that most of the residual periodicities are ascribable to ambient factors, while 18.16 d for Pisciarelli site and 88.71 d for Solfatara have a possible endogenous origin.
Keywords	Science ; Q ; Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Dynamic and structural geology ; QE500-639.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Preface to “Understanding volcanic processes through geophysical and volcanological data investigations

P. Cusano / E. De Lauro / A. Esposito / M. Falanga / D. Galluzzo / S. Petrosino

Advances in Geosciences, Vol 52, Pp 153-

some case studies from Italian sites (EGU2019 GMPV5.11 session, COV10 S01.11 session)”

2021 Volume 158

Abstract: Volcanic dynamics is driven by the complex interplay between fluid flow (circulation of magmatic and/or hydrothermal fluids) and rock structure (volcano conduits, dykes), the comprehension of which requires both multi-parametric monitoring and modelling ... ...

Abstract	Volcanic dynamics is driven by the complex interplay between fluid flow (circulation of magmatic and/or hydrothermal fluids) and rock structure (volcano conduits, dykes), the comprehension of which requires both multi-parametric monitoring and modelling of relevant physical and chemical processes of the system. Understanding the factors controlling the dynamics of the processes involved in these interactions is necessary to characterize the overall behaviour of a volcano and the eventual transition mechanisms among stationarity, unrest phases and eruptive styles. The starting point in this context is to have high-quality data of several parameters (seismological, geochemical, geodetic, volcanological), acquired both over years of monitoring activity and focused field experiments. Fundamental contributions come from the use of combined multi-parametric datasets and the adoption of innovative analysis techniques and multi-disciplinary approaches. This Special Issue is addressed to those researchers, who focus their investigations in the field of volcano dynamics. Its main purpose is to shed light on the processes occurring in active volcanic systems over different time scales, with relevant implications for the hazards and the modern monitoring, thus promoting future discussions on this topic. The Issue contains this introducing preface, which describes the Volume aims, and 14 papers, reflecting the main themes. The papers are devoted to the study of some Italian sites, but the proposed approaches are general and therefore applicable to any other volcanic/hydrothermal areas.
Keywords	Science ; Q ; Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Dynamic and structural geology ; QE500-639.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Interaction between seismicity and deformation on different time scales in volcanic areas

M. Falanga / E. De Lauro / S. Petrosino / S. De Martino

Advances in Geosciences, Vol 52, Pp 1-

Campi Flegrei and Stromboli

2019 Volume 8

Abstract: We study oscillations recorded at Stromboli and Campi Flegrei by different sensors: seismometers, strainmeters and tiltmeters. We examine both the high-frequency ( >0.5 Hz) portion of the spectrum and very long period signals up to tidal scales. In this ... ...

Abstract	We study oscillations recorded at Stromboli and Campi Flegrei by different sensors: seismometers, strainmeters and tiltmeters. We examine both the high-frequency ( >0.5 Hz) portion of the spectrum and very long period signals up to tidal scales. In this context, seismicity and deformation are investigated on different time scales (from minutes to days/years) in order to identify the basic elements of their interaction, whose understanding should provide new insights on the predictive models. In this work, the strict relation of tides and volcanic processes is shown. At Stromboli, indeed the transition from the stationary phase to the non-stationary phase seems to have a tidal precursor that is related to the duration of the crisis. The subsequent volcanic activity is interpreted as the response of the volcano to restore the equilibrium condition. The moveout from equilibrium produces, first, variations in the standard statistics of explosions, then leads to effusive stage and to a pressure drop in the shallow feeding system. That process induces the nucleation of a gas bubble and the excitation of low frequencies. Campi Flegrei seismicity shows a correlation between the diurnal solar solid tide and the energy released by the long period signals, indicating that the whole mechanism is modulated on a tidal scale. In other words, in the case of Stromboli, a departure from the equilibrium state is marked by solid tide variations in a certain frequency band. On the other hand, at Campi Flegrei diurnal to annual solid tides modulate an increase of volcanic activity.
Keywords	Science ; Q ; Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Dynamic and structural geology ; QE500-639.5
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Characterization of the seismic dynamical state through joint analysis of earthquakes and seismic noise

P. Cusano / S. Petrosino / E. De Lauro / S. De Martino / M. Falanga

Advances in Geosciences, Vol 52, Pp 19-

the example of Ischia Volcanic Island (Italy)

2020 Volume 28

Abstract: This work is devoted to the study of both earthquakes and background seismic noise at Ischia Island (Italy) recorded pre and post the M d 4.0 earthquake occurred on 21 August 2017 (18:57 UTC). We compare and characterize noise and earthquakes in terms of ...

Abstract	This work is devoted to the study of both earthquakes and background seismic noise at Ischia Island (Italy) recorded pre and post the M d 4.0 earthquake occurred on 21 August 2017 (18:57 UTC). We compare and characterize noise and earthquakes in terms of Independent Component Analysis, energy and polarization properties. The earthquakes' waveforms and the background noise are decomposed into a few independent components with two main common signals peaked around 1–2 and 3–4 Hz , respectively. A slight increase of the energy of the background seismic noise is observed comparing samples recorded in 2016 and 2017, whereas no variations are detected in 2017 pre and post the main earthquake. The polarization analysis, performed in the frequency bands individuated by Independent Component Analysis and applied to the background seismic noise, indicates a shallow propagation and the azimuthal pattern is mainly controlled by the local structural features. These results suggest that noise and earthquakes are ascribable to a common phenomenon of fluid-solid interaction in the hydrothermal system of Ischia Island.
Keywords	Science ; Q ; Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Dynamic and structural geology ; QE500-639.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Time evolution of medium and long-period ground tilting at Campi Flegrei caldera

S. Petrosino / C. Ricco / E. De Lauro / I. Aquino / M. Falanga

Advances in Geosciences, Vol 52, Pp 9-

2020 Volume 17

Abstract: We analyse tiltmeter time series recorded from April 2015 to March 2019 at three borehole instruments installed at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). We evaluate the crustal response in terms of ground tilting to external excitations of medium/long-period ... ...

Abstract	We analyse tiltmeter time series recorded from April 2015 to March 2019 at three borehole instruments installed at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). We evaluate the crustal response in terms of ground tilting to external excitations of medium/long-period tidal constituents by applying a polarization analysis. The azimuths of the tilt vectors show well-defined polarization directions and the ground tilting planes oscillate with the periodicity of the corresponding tidal constituents. For two of the three tiltmeters, the average ground oscillation pattern related to the monthly Mm and fortnightly Mf constituents show seasonal variations, which can be ascribed to rainfall-induced tilting. In addition, for the same two instruments, a clear seasonal amplitude modulation of the diurnal S1 constituent appears in the time series, revealing the occurrence of site thermoelastic effects. The results indicate that the tidal tilting is mainly controlled by the local stress field distribution and rheology; in addition, seasonal exogenous factors like rainfalls play a role in modulating the ground deformation.
Keywords	Science ; Q ; Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Dynamic and structural geology ; QE500-639.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: On the external forcing of global eruptive activity in the past 300 years

J-L. Le Mouël / D. Gibert / V. Courtillot / S. Dumont / J. de Bremond d'Ars / S. Petrosino / P. Zuddas / F. Lopes / J-B. Boulé / M. C. Neves / S. Custódio / G. Silveira / V. Kossobokov / L. Coen / M. Gèze

Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: The decryption of the temporal sequence of volcanic eruptions is a key step in better anticipating future events. Volcanic activity results from a complex interaction between internal and external processes, with time scales spanning multiple orders of ... ...

Abstract	The decryption of the temporal sequence of volcanic eruptions is a key step in better anticipating future events. Volcanic activity results from a complex interaction between internal and external processes, with time scales spanning multiple orders of magnitude. We review periodicities that have been detected or correlated with volcanic eruptions/phenomena and interpreted as resulting from external forces. Taking a global perspective and longer time scales than a few years, we approach this interaction by analyzing three time-series using singular spectral analysis: the global number of volcanic eruptions (NVE) between 1700 and 2022, the number of sunspots (ISSN), a proxy for solar activity, and polar motion (PM) and length of day (lod), two proxies for gravitational force. Several pseudo-periodicities are common to NVE and ISSN, in addition to the 11-year Schwabe cycle that has been reported in previous work, but NVE shares even more periodicities with PM. These quasi-periodic components range from −5 to −130 years. We interpret our analytical results in light of the Laplace’s paradigm and propose that, similarly to the movement of Earth’s rotation axis, global eruptive activity is modulated by commensurable orbital moments of the Jovian planets together with Pluto, whose influence is also detected in solar activity.
Keywords	worldwide volcanic eruptions ; polar motion ; sunspot number ; planetary orbital moments ; Laplace theory ; external forcing ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Array and spectral ratio techniques applied to seismic noise to investigate the Campi Flegrei (Italy) subsoil structure at different scales

L. Nardone / R. Esposito / D. Galluzzo / S. Petrosino / P. Cusano / M. La Rocca / M. A. Di Vito / F. Bianco

Advances in Geosciences, Vol 52, Pp 75-

2020 Volume 85

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the subsoil structure of the Campi Flegrei area using both spectral ratios and array techniques applied to seismic noise. We have estimated the dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves by applying the Frequency–Wavenumber ( ...

Abstract	The purpose of this work is to study the subsoil structure of the Campi Flegrei area using both spectral ratios and array techniques applied to seismic noise. We have estimated the dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves by applying the Frequency–Wavenumber ( f – k hereinafter) and Modified Spatial Autocorrelation (MSPAC) techniques to the seismic noise recorded by the underground short period seismic Array “ARF”, by the broadband stations of the UNREST experiment and by the broadband stations of the seismic monitoring network of INGV – Osservatorio Vesuviano. We have performed the inversion of a dispersion curve (obtained averaging the f – k and MSPAC dispersion curves of seismic noise and single phase velocity values of coherent transient signals) jointly with the H ∕ V spectral ratio of the broadband station CELG, to obtain a shear wave velocity model up to 2000 m depth. The best-fit model obtained is in a good agreement with the stratigraphic information available in the area coming from shallow boreholes and deep wells drilled for geothermal exploration. In active volcanic areas, such as Campi Flegrei, the definition of the velocity model is a crucial issue to characterize the physical parameters of the medium. Generally, a high quality characterization of the medium properties helps to separate the contributions of the volcanic source, path and site in the geophysical observables. Therefore, monitoring possible variations in time of such properties in general can help to recognize anomalies due to the volcano dynamics, i.e. fluid migration connected to the volcanic activity.
Keywords	Science ; Q ; Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Dynamic and structural geology ; QE500-639.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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