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  1. Article ; Online: Tracing energy inputs into the seafloor using carbonate sediments.

    Smith, B P / Edie, S M / Fischer, W W

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 9, Page(s) e2215833120

    Abstract: Carbonate rocks provide unique and valuable sedimentary archives for secular changes in Earth's physical, chemical, and biological processes. However, reading the stratigraphic record produces overlapping, nonunique interpretations that stem from the ... ...

    Abstract Carbonate rocks provide unique and valuable sedimentary archives for secular changes in Earth's physical, chemical, and biological processes. However, reading the stratigraphic record produces overlapping, nonunique interpretations that stem from the difficulty in directly comparing competing biological, physical, or chemical mechanisms within a common quantitative framework. We built a mathematical model that decomposes these processes and casts the marine carbonate record in terms of energy fluxes across the sediment-water interface. Results showed that physical, chemical, and biological energy terms across the seafloor are subequal and that the energetic dominance of different processes varies both as a function of environment (e.g., onshore vs. offshore) as well as with time-varying changes in seawater chemistry and with evolutionary changes in animal abundance and behavior. We applied our model to observations from the end-Permian mass extinction-a massive upheaval in ocean chemistry and biology-revealing an energetic equivalence between two hypothesized drivers of changing carbonate environments: a reduction in physical bioturbation increased carbonate saturation states in the oceans. Early Triassic occurrences of 'anachronistic' carbonates-facies largely absent from marine environments after the Early Paleozoic-were likely driven more by reduction in animal biomass than by repeated perturbations to seawater chemistry. This analysis highlighted the importance of animals and their evolutionary history in physically shaping patterns in the sedimentary record via their impact on the energetics of marine environments.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Seawater ; Carbonates/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Water/analysis ; Biological Evolution ; Geologic Sediments
    Chemical Substances Carbonates ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2215833120
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  2. Article ; Online: Challenges and Opportunities in Rare Disease Drug Development.

    Smith, B P

    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

    2016  Volume 100, Issue 4, Page(s) 312–314

    Abstract: Each month, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on a particular theme. Twice a year, the associate editors, editors, and staff get together to discuss journal business and spend time setting up the calendar of themes. Often, there are no experts ...

    Abstract Each month, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on a particular theme. Twice a year, the associate editors, editors, and staff get together to discuss journal business and spend time setting up the calendar of themes. Often, there are no experts among us to take on a particular topic that we have chosen. The consequence is that one or two of us take on the theme and then have a crash course to learn as much as they can about it in order to solicit meaningful articles. This month's theme on rare diseases is such a case.
    MeSH term(s) Drug Approval ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Orphan Drug Production/standards ; Rare Diseases/drug therapy ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/standards
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-09-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123793-7
    ISSN 1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
    ISSN (online) 1532-6535
    ISSN 0009-9236
    DOI 10.1002/cpt.430
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  3. Article ; Online: Novel approaches to address challenges in global drug development.

    Smith, B P / Huang, S-M

    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

    2015  Volume 97, Issue 3, Page(s) 196–199

    MeSH term(s) Drug Discovery/methods ; Drug Discovery/trends ; Humans ; Internationality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123793-7
    ISSN 1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
    ISSN (online) 1532-6535
    ISSN 0009-9236
    DOI 10.1002/cpt.62
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  4. Article ; Online: Movember Is Mustache Month.

    Paine, M F / Smith, B P

    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

    2015  Volume 98, Issue 6, Page(s) 562–564

    MeSH term(s) Hair ; Health Promotion ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Male ; Men's Health ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality ; Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy ; Sex Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123793-7
    ISSN 1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
    ISSN (online) 1532-6535
    ISSN 0009-9236
    DOI 10.1002/cpt.262
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  5. Article ; Online: Whither pharmacometrics?: present state and future choices.

    Vicini, P / Smith, B P

    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

    2014  Volume 95, Issue 6, Page(s) 567–571

    Abstract: The theme of this month's issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics is pharmacometrics. When looking back at the early days of pharmacometrics, current contributions to the drug development process look impressive. The questions are whether the ... ...

    Abstract The theme of this month's issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics is pharmacometrics. When looking back at the early days of pharmacometrics, current contributions to the drug development process look impressive. The questions are whether the original promise is being kept and how the impact can become even greater.
    MeSH term(s) Computer Simulation ; Legislation, Drug ; Models, Statistical ; Pharmacology/standards ; Pharmacology/trends ; Weights and Measures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123793-7
    ISSN 1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
    ISSN (online) 1532-6535
    ISSN 0009-9236
    DOI 10.1038/clpt.2014.72
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  6. Article: Attitudes towards dingoes (Canis dingo) and their management: a case study from a mining operation in the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia

    Smith, B. P. / Vague, A.-L. / Appleby, R. G.

    Pacific conservation biology

    2019  Volume 25, Issue 3, Page(s) 308

    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 915669-0
    ISSN 1038-2097
    Database Current Contents Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  7. Thesis: Genetic and Molecular Mapping Studies on a Population Derived from *Vitis vinifera* x *Muscadinia rotundifolia* and Genetic Diversity of wild *Muscadinia rotundifolia*

    Smith, B. P.

    2010  , Page(s) 268 pp.

    Abstract: The wine grape, *Vitis vinifera* [L.] (2n = 38), is believed to have evolved through selection of wild progenitors in the Middle East and Europe over the last 10,000 years. The current domesticated form is a worldwide economically important commodity, ... ...

    Institution Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
    Abstract The wine grape, *Vitis vinifera* [L.] (2n = 38), is believed to have evolved through selection of wild progenitors in the Middle East and Europe over the last 10,000 years. The current domesticated form is a worldwide economically important commodity, utilized for wine, juice, fresh and dried fruit, and food products. The North American grape, *Muscadinia rotundifolia* [Michx.] Small (2n = 40), is primarily grown in its native habitat of the southeastern United States. *Muscadinia rotundifolia* is naturally resistant to many of the pests and pathogens that hinder *V. vinifera* production. However, the wine made from this grape is considered inferior and has relegated the grape to be a relatively minor commodity. Genetic mapping of 123 *V. vinifera* × *M. rotundifolia* (VR) F1 hybrids from four related populations was conducted to assemble the first reported haploid map of *M. rotundifolia*. This is the first step in generating markers associated with traits of interest for markers-assisted breeding. A total of 56 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 73 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to assemble a consensus haploid map of *M. rotundifolia* which covered 20 linkage groups. The cumulative map length was 1270.8 cM, with an average distance of 10.1 cM between markers. The locus controlling sex determination was found to be linked to SSR markers, which have previously been shown to be tightly linked to the trait in *Vitis* species. Rooting of dormant canes of VR hybrids was shown to be a complex multigenic trait. Four Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were identified that contribute to a total of 51.9% of the rooting phenotypic variance. The amplification patterns of SSR markers in *M. rotundifolia* compared to *Vitis* spp. suggests that there are both highly conserved and highly diverged genomic regions. Genetic mapping supports previously characterized 2 cytological chromosomal behavior that concluded approximately two-thirds of chromosomes are conserved between the genera. Genetic diversity of 24 wild sub-populations of *M. rotundifolia* from North and South Carolina, and Florida was measured and compared with wild accessions collected in the 19th century. A total of 278 wild accession of *M. rotundifolia* were genotyped at 15 SSR loci for population structure analysis. The total mean genetic diversity (observed heterozygosity of 0.485) was primarily due to differences among individuals within sub populations (83.3%). The mean genetic diversity is lower than values reported for wild forms of *V. vinifera* (0.597), and is most likely attributed to divergence between the genera at the loci examined. Introgression of disease resistance from *M. rotundifolia* into *Vitis* spp. is potentially useful for the development of new cultivars for table and wine grape production as well as rootstocks. *Muscadinia rotundifolia* is not utilized as a rootstock due to the inability to form roots from dormant cuttings, and graft incompatibility with *Vitis* species. Advances in rootstock breeding were accomplished by identifying three partially fertile F1 hybrids of North American species of *Vitis* and *M. rotundifolia* (herein referred to as VM hybrids to distinguish these vines from hybrids with *V. vinifera* in their pedigree). These VM hybrids were used to generate the next generation of rootstocks that may provide superior protection against phylloxera, nematodes, Pierce‘s disease, and suppress the disease symptoms of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV).
    Language English
    Document type Thesis
    Database Viticulture and Oenology Abstracts

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  8. Article ; Online: Models of physiology and physiologically based models in clinical pharmacology.

    Atkinson, A J / Smith, B P

    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

    2012  Volume 92, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–6

    Abstract: As science matures, it becomes more mathematical, progressing from enumeration to the use of equations to the formulation of models. Clinical pharmacology has developed to the stage where models play an increasingly important role in predicting and ... ...

    Abstract As science matures, it becomes more mathematical, progressing from enumeration to the use of equations to the formulation of models. Clinical pharmacology has developed to the stage where models play an increasingly important role in predicting and analyzing drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and even in characterizing disease progression and therapeutic response. Useful models have two characteristics that are in ostensible conflict: (i) they must accurately represent the essential features of the underlying system and (ii) the representation must be sufficiently simplified to enable its salient features to be identified and investigated through further experimentation.
    MeSH term(s) Disease Progression ; Humans ; Mathematical Concepts ; Models, Biological ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism ; Pharmacological Phenomena/physiology ; Pharmacology, Clinical/methods
    Chemical Substances Pharmaceutical Preparations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 123793-7
    ISSN 1532-6535 ; 0009-9236
    ISSN (online) 1532-6535
    ISSN 0009-9236
    DOI 10.1038/clpt.2012.67
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  9. Article: Physical Controls on Carbonate Intraclasts: Modern Flat Pebbles From Great Salt Lake, Utah

    Smith, B. P. / Ingalls, M. / Trower, E. J. / Lingappa, U. F. / Present, T. M. / Magyar, J. S. / Fischer, W. W.

    Journal of geophysical research. 2020 Nov., v. 125, no. 11

    2020  

    Abstract: In carbonate‐forming environments, authigenic minerals can cement surface sediments into centimeter‐sized intraclasts that are later reworked into “flat‐pebble” or “edgewise” conglomerates. Flat‐pebble conglomerates comprise only a small portion of ... ...

    Abstract In carbonate‐forming environments, authigenic minerals can cement surface sediments into centimeter‐sized intraclasts that are later reworked into “flat‐pebble” or “edgewise” conglomerates. Flat‐pebble conglomerates comprise only a small portion of facies in modern marine environments but are common in ancient strata, implying that seafloor cements were more widespread in the past. Flat‐pebble conglomerates nearly disappeared after the Ordovician radiation, yet it is unclear if this decline was due to changing seawater chemistry or if increased infaunalization and bioturbation simply worked to break down nascent clasts. We discovered a process analog that produces flat‐pebble conglomerates around the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA, and studied these facies using field observations, wave models, satellite imagery, petrography, and microanalytic chemical data. Clasts were sourced from wave‐rippled grainstone that cemented in situ in offshore environments. Lake floor cements formed under aragonite saturation states that are lower than modern marine settings, suggesting that physical processes are at least as important as chemical ones. Results from our wave models showed that coarse sediments near the field site experience quiescent periods of up to 6 months between suspension events, allowing isopachous cements to form. Using a simple mathematical framework, we show that the main difference between Great Salt Lake and modern, low‐energy marine settings is that the latter has enough bioturbating organisms to break up clasts. Observations from Great Salt Lake demonstrate how geologic trends in flat‐pebble abundance could largely reflect changes in total infaunal biomass and ecology without requiring regional‐to‐global changes in seawater chemistry.
    Keywords Ordovician period ; aragonite ; biomass ; bioturbation ; carbonates ; chemistry ; ecology ; geophysics ; lakes ; remote sensing ; research ; seawater ; Great Salt Lake ; Utah
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-11
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ISSN 2169-9003
    DOI 10.1029/2020JF005733
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Geochemical modelling of the evolution and fate of metal pollutants arising from an abandoned gold mine tailings facility in Johannesburg.

    Camden-Smith, B P C / Tutu, H

    Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

    2014  Volume 69, Issue 5, Page(s) 1108–1114

    Abstract: Analytical techniques were combined with geochemical modelling to study the release mechanisms of pollutants from an abandoned gold mining tailings storage facility near Johannesburg. Inverse modelling of sampled tailings pond water and experimental ... ...

    Abstract Analytical techniques were combined with geochemical modelling to study the release mechanisms of pollutants from an abandoned gold mining tailings storage facility near Johannesburg. Inverse modelling of sampled tailings pond water and experimental single extractions using various solutions indicated which combination of naturally occurring leaching solutions were likely to give rise to the observed pond water quality. The potential fate of metals in the pond was predicted by modelling the formation of efflorescent crusts and adsorption onto hydrated iron oxide minerals.
    MeSH term(s) Environmental Pollutants/chemistry ; Gold ; Metals/chemistry ; Mining ; Models, Chemical ; South Africa
    Chemical Substances Environmental Pollutants ; Metals ; Gold (7440-57-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 764273-8
    ISSN 1996-9732 ; 0273-1223
    ISSN (online) 1996-9732
    ISSN 0273-1223
    DOI 10.2166/wst.2014.028
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    Einzelsignatur: Show issues

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