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  1. Article: Flagship umbrella species needed for the conservation of overlooked aquatic biodiversity

    Kalinkat, Gregor / Saul, Wolf-Christian / Singer, Gabriel / Sperfeld, Erik

    Conservation biology, 31(2): 481-485

    2016  

    Institution Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei
    Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung
    Language English
    Document type Article
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  2. Article: Food quality mediates responses of Daphnia magna life history traits and heat tolerance to elevated temperature

    Sarrazin, Jana / Sperfeld, Erik

    Freshwater biology. 2022 Sept., v. 67, no. 9

    2022  

    Abstract: Surface waters are warming due to climate change, potentially pushing aquatic organisms closer to their thermal tolerance limits. However, cyanobacterial blooms are expected to occur more often with rising temperature, increasing the likelihood of poor‐ ... ...

    Abstract Surface waters are warming due to climate change, potentially pushing aquatic organisms closer to their thermal tolerance limits. However, cyanobacterial blooms are expected to occur more often with rising temperature, increasing the likelihood of poor‐quality food available for herbivorous zooplankton. Zooplankton can adapt locally by genetic differentiation or via adaptive phenotypic plasticity to increasing temperatures, but there is limited knowledge on how these processes may be affected by food quality limitation imposed by cyanobacteria. To test the effects of cyanobacteria‐mediated food quality on local temperature adaptation, we measured juvenile somatic growth and reproduction of five Daphnia magna clones from different latitudinal origin grown on three food qualities at 20, 24, and 28°C. Additionally we estimated short‐term heat tolerance, measured as knockout time (time to immobility) at lethally high temperature, of two clones acclimated to the three temperatures and two food quality levels to test for the effects of food quality on adaptive plastic responses. As expected, clones from lower latitudes showed on average better somatic growth and reproduction than clones from higher latitudes at higher temperatures. However, the difference in somatic growth diminished with increasing cyanobacteria abundance in the diet, suggesting constraints on local genetic adaptation under predicted decreases in food quality. As expected, short‐term heat tolerance of the clones generally increased with increasing acclimation temperature. However, heat tolerance of animals acclimated to the highest temperature was larger when grown at medium than at good food quality, whereas the opposite response was observed for animals acclimated to the lowest temperature. This suggests a better adaptive phenotypic response of animals to elevated temperatures under higher cyanobacteria abundance, and thus shows an opposite pattern to the results for somatic growth. Overall, we demonstrate that food quality limitation can mediate responses of D. magna life history traits and heat tolerance to increasing temperatures, and that the effects differ depending on the time scale studied, that is, mid‐term (somatic growth) versus short‐term (tolerance to acute heat stress). These aspects will need further attention to accurately predict of how organisms will cope with future global warming by local adaptation and adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
    Keywords Daphnia magna ; acclimation ; diet ; food quality ; genetic variation ; heat stress ; heat tolerance ; herbivores ; juveniles ; life history ; limnology ; phenotype ; phenotypic plasticity ; reproduction ; temperature ; zooplankton
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Size p. 1521-1531.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 121180-8
    ISSN 0046-5070
    ISSN 0046-5070
    DOI 10.1111/fwb.13957
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  3. Article ; Online: Food quality shapes gradual phenotypic plasticity in ectotherms facing temperature variability.

    Van Baelen, Marine / Bec, Alexandre / Sperfeld, Erik / Frizot, Nathan / Koussoroplis, Apostolos-Manuel

    Ecology

    2024  Volume 105, Issue 4, Page(s) e4263

    Abstract: Organisms exhibit reversible physiological adjustments as a response to rapidly changing environments. Yet such plasticity of the phenotype is gradual and may lag behind environmental fluctuations, thereby affecting long-term average performance of the ... ...

    Abstract Organisms exhibit reversible physiological adjustments as a response to rapidly changing environments. Yet such plasticity of the phenotype is gradual and may lag behind environmental fluctuations, thereby affecting long-term average performance of the organisms. By supplying energy and essential compounds for optimal tissue building, food determines the range of possible phenotypic changes and potentially the rate at which they occur. Here, we assess how differences in the dietary supply of essential lipids modulate the phenotypic plasticity of an ectotherm facing thermal fluctuations. We use three phytoplankton strains to create a gradient of polyunsaturated fatty acid and sterol supply for Daphnia magna under constant and fluctuating temperatures. We used three different fluctuation periodicities to unravel the temporal dynamics of gradual plasticity and its long-term consequences for D. magna performance measured as juvenile somatic growth rate. In agreement with gradual plasticity theory, we show that in D. magna, fluctuation periodicity determines the differential between observed growth rates and those expected from constant conditions. Most importantly, we show that diet modulates both the size and the direction of the growth rate differential. Overall, we demonstrate that the nutritional context is essential for predicting ectotherm consumers' performance in fluctuating thermal environments.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Temperature ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Phenotype ; Food ; Food Quality ; Daphnia/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010140-5
    ISSN 1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
    ISSN (online) 1939-9170
    ISSN 0012-9658
    DOI 10.1002/ecy.4263
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  4. Article: How nitrogen and phosphorus supply to nutrient‐limited autotroph communities affects herbivore growth: testing stoichiometric and co‐limitation theory across trophic levels

    Redoglio, Andrea / Radtke, Kassandra / Sperfeld, Erik

    Oikos. 2022 Sept., v. 2022, no. 9

    2022  

    Abstract: Primary producer communities are often growth‐limited by essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The magnitude of limitation and whether N, P or both elements are limiting autotroph growth depends on the supply and ratios of these ... ...

    Abstract Primary producer communities are often growth‐limited by essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The magnitude of limitation and whether N, P or both elements are limiting autotroph growth depends on the supply and ratios of these essential nutrients. Previous studies identified single, serial or co‐limitation as predominant limitation outcomes in autotroph communities by factorial nutrient additions. Little is known about potential consequences of such scenarios for herbivores and whether their growth is primarily affected by changes in autotroph quantity or nutritional quality. We grew a community of phytoplankton species differing in various food quality aspects in experimental microcosms at varying N and P concentrations resulting in three different N:P ratios. At carrying capacity, N, P, both nutrients or none were added to reveal which nutrients were limiting. The nutrient‐supplied communities were fed to the generalist herbivorous rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus to investigate how changing phytoplankton biomass and community composition affect herbivore abundance. We found phytoplankton being growth‐limited either by N alone (single limitation) or serially, i.e. primarily by N and secondarily by P, altering available food quantity for rotifers. Rotifer growth showed a different response pattern compared to phytoplankton, suggesting that apart from food quantity food quality aspects played a substantial role in the transfer from primary to secondary production. The combined addition of N and P to phytoplankton had generally a positive effect on herbivore growth, whereas adding non‐limiting nutrients had a rather detrimental effect probably due to stoichiometrically imbalanced food in terms of nutrient excess. Our experiment shows that adding various nutrients to primary producer communities will not always lead to increased autotroph and herbivore growth, and that differences between autotroph and herbivore responses under co‐limiting conditions can be partly well explained by concepts of ecological stoichiometry theory.
    Keywords Brachionus calyciflorus ; biomass ; community structure ; herbivores ; nitrogen ; nutrient excess ; nutritive value ; phosphorus ; phytoplankton ; stoichiometry
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-09
    Publishing place Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 207359-6
    ISSN 0030-1299
    ISSN 0030-1299
    DOI 10.1111/oik.09052
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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 4824: Show issues

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  5. Article ; Online: Dietary sterol availability modulates heat tolerance of Daphnia

    Koussoroplis, Apostolos‐Manuel / Sperfeld, Erik / Pincebourde, Sylvain / Bec, Alexandre / Wacker, Alexander

    Freshwater Biology. 2023 Mar., v. 68, no. 3 p.452-461

    2023  

    Abstract: The increasing frequency and intensity of summer heatwaves are pushing freshwater zooplankton towards their upper thermal tolerance limits. At the same time, higher temperatures and prolonged water column stratification can favour the dominance of ... ...

    Abstract The increasing frequency and intensity of summer heatwaves are pushing freshwater zooplankton towards their upper thermal tolerance limits. At the same time, higher temperatures and prolonged water column stratification can favour the dominance of cyanobacteria in phytoplankton. Even when not toxic or grazing resistant, these prokaryotes lack phytosterols as essential precursors for cholesterol, the main sterol in animal tissues. Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the physiological adaptation of ectotherms to high temperature. Therefore, the shift to cyanobacteria‐dominated systems may increase the vulnerability of zooplankton to heatwaves by intensifying cholesterol limitation. Here, we used death time curves that take into consideration the intensity and duration of a thermal challenge and a dynamic model to study the effects of cholesterol limitation on the heat tolerance of the keystone species Daphnia magna and to simulate the cumulative mortality that could occur in a fluctuating environment over several days of heatwave. We show that increasing cholesterol limitation does not affect the slope between time‐to‐immobilisation and temperature, but does decrease the maximal temperature that Daphnia can withstand by up to 0.74°C. This seemingly small difference is sufficient to halve the time individuals can survive heat stress. Our simulations predicted that, when facing heatwaves over several days, the differences in survival caused by cholesterol limitation build up rapidly. Considering the anticipated intensity and duration of future (2070–2099) heatwaves, cholesterol limitation could increase mortality by up to 45% and 72% under low and medium greenhouse gas emission scenarios, respectively. These results suggest that the increasing risk of cholesterol limitation due to more frequent cyanobacterial blooms could compromise the resistance of zooplankton populations to future heatwaves. More generally, this study shows the importance of considering the nutritional context in any attempt to predict ectotherm mortality with increasing temperatures in the field.
    Keywords Daphnia magna ; animals ; cholesterol ; death ; dynamic models ; ectothermy ; freshwater ; greenhouse gas emissions ; heat stress ; heat tolerance ; keystone species ; limnology ; mortality ; phytoplankton ; phytosterols ; prokaryotic cells ; risk ; summer ; temperature ; toxicity ; zooplankton
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Size p. 452-461.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 121180-8
    ISSN 0046-5070
    ISSN 0046-5070
    DOI 10.1111/fwb.14037
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  6. Article: Grasses cope with high‐contrast ecosystem conditions in the large outflow of the Banhine wetlands, Mozambique

    Zaplata, Markus Klemens / Nhabanga, Abel / Stalmans, Marc / Volpers, Thomas / Burkart, Michael / Sperfeld, Erik

    African journal of ecology. 2021 Mar., v. 59, no. 1

    2021  

    Abstract: Ecosystems with highly pulsed water supply must be better understood as climate change may increase frequency and severity of intense storms, droughts and floods. Here we collected data over 3 years (2016–2018) in the episodic wetland outflow channel ( ... ...

    Abstract Ecosystems with highly pulsed water supply must be better understood as climate change may increase frequency and severity of intense storms, droughts and floods. Here we collected data over 3 years (2016–2018) in the episodic wetland outflow channel (Aluize), Banhine National Park, in which the system state changed from dry to wet to dry. Field sampling included vegetation records, small‐scale vegetation zoning, the seed bank and water and soil quality. The same main plant species were found in both dry and wet conditions across the riverbed of the outflow channel. We found only very few diaspores of plants in the soil after prolonged drought. In the subsequent flooded state, we examined very dense vegetation on the water surface, which was dominated by the gramineous species Paspalidium obtusifolium. This species formed a compact floating mat that was rooted to the riverbed. The Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus glaucus showed high clonal growth in the form of root tubers, which likely serve as important food reservoir during drought. Soil and water analyses do not indicate a limitation by nutrients. We outline how resident people may change the plant community structure with an increasing practice of setting fire to the meadows in the dried‐up riverbed to facilitate plant regrowth as food for their livestock.
    Keywords Bolboschoenus ; climate change ; community structure ; drought ; ecosystems ; livestock ; national parks ; plant communities ; regrowth ; soil ; soil quality ; stream channels ; water supply ; wetlands ; Mozambique
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-03
    Size p. 190-203.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2019879-6
    ISSN 1365-2028 ; 0141-6707
    ISSN (online) 1365-2028
    ISSN 0141-6707
    DOI 10.1111/aje.12820
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  7. Article: Ecology of predator-induced morphological defense traits in Daphnia longispina (Cladocera, Arthropoda)

    Sperfeld, Erik / Nilssen, Jens Petter / Rinehart, Shelby / Schwenk, Klaus / Hessen, Dag Olav

    Oecologia. 2020 Mar., v. 192, no. 3

    2020  

    Abstract: Inducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For example, some Daphnia species form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran genus Chaoborus. Though thoroughly studied in D. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in ... ...

    Abstract Inducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For example, some Daphnia species form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran genus Chaoborus. Though thoroughly studied in D. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in other Daphnia species is limited. The occurrence of this trait in the D. longispina species complex is only sporadically reported and the specific shape of neckteeth or the occurrence of other morphological defense traits is scarcely known in this widespread group. Here, we explored neckteeth occurrence in a large number of D. longispina populations across Scandinavia and studied neckteeth formation and other morphological defense traits on three D. longispina clones in the laboratory. In the study region, neckteeth on juvenile D. longispina s. str. were observed frequently in permanent ponds, but only when Chaoborus spp. larvae were present. In the laboratory experiments, all three D. longispina clones developed neckteeth (very similar to D. pulex) in response to Chaoborus kairomone exposure. The D. longispina clones also developed a longer tail spine, wider body, and larger neckteeth pedestal in response to predation threat—likely as a defense against the gape-limited predator. The intensity of neckteeth expression also depended on the clone studied and the concentration of Chaoborus kairomone. Our results demonstrate that neckteeth on D. longispina can be common in nature and that D. longispina can also induce other morphological defenses against predators. The similarity of neckteeth in D. longispina and D. pulex imposes yet unresolved questions on the evolutionary origin in these distantly related Daphnia groups.
    Keywords Chaoborus ; Daphnia longispina ; juveniles ; kairomones ; predation ; Scandinavia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-03
    Size p. 687-698.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 123369-5
    ISSN 1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
    ISSN (online) 1432-1939
    ISSN 0029-8549
    DOI 10.1007/s00442-019-04588-6
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    Z 70/109: Show issues

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  8. Article: Warming of the Indian Ocean and its impact on temporal and spatial dynamics of primary production

    Dalpadado, Padmini / Arrigo, Kevin R. / van Dijken, Gert L. / Gunasekara, Sudheera S. / Ostrowski, Marek / Bianchi, Gabriella / Sperfeld, Erik

    Progress in oceanography. 2021 Nov., v. 198

    2021  

    Abstract: The Indian Ocean, the third largest among the world’s oceans, is experiencing unprecedented changes in sea surface temperature (SST). We present temporal and spatial dynamics of phytoplankton and their response to warming in the Indian Ocean (∼25°N to 30° ...

    Abstract The Indian Ocean, the third largest among the world’s oceans, is experiencing unprecedented changes in sea surface temperature (SST). We present temporal and spatial dynamics of phytoplankton and their response to warming in the Indian Ocean (∼25°N to 30°S) during 1998–2019 using remote sensing data. Our study revealed that the area of the Indian Ocean Warm Pool (IOWP), defined as waters with SST values >28 °C, is significantly expanding in most regions, particularly in the most recent decade. The increase in IOWP area was greatest (∼74%) in the south-central basin. Furthermore, SST increased significantly in most areas of the Indian Ocean (10 out of 11 regions explored) over the 22-year study period with the highest increase of 0.7 °C observed in the south-central regions. Most other regions showed an average increase in temperature of 0.4–0.5 °C. At the same time, net primary production (NPP) showed large interannual variability in northern and central regions of the Indian Ocean, with slightly decreasing trends in a few northern regions. Overall, years of the first decade (1998–2008) showed more often cooler temperatures and higher productivity, except for a few years, whereas years of the last decade (2009–2019) showed more often warmer temperature and lower productivity, except in very recent years (2017–2019) when productivity was high. Mean Chl a concentrations increased in the last decade during the northeast monsoon period in the northwestern regions, suggesting increased NPP in December to March period as a future scenario in this highly productive area of the Indian Ocean. We also observed increasing SST in several major upwelling areas during the study period, whereas Chl a showed high interannual variability with no marked significant trends in most areas. Results from this study corroborate the importance of the southwest monsoon as a key driver of seasonal patterns in Chl a in major upwelling areas of the Indian Ocean.
    Keywords basins ; monsoon season ; net primary productivity ; oceanography ; phytoplankton ; surface water temperature ; Indian Ocean
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0079-6611
    DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102688
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  9. Article: Effects of increasing pCO2 on life history traits and feeding of the littoral mysid Praunus flexuosus

    Sperfeld, Erik / Anders Mangor-Jensen / Padmini Dalpadado

    Marine biology. 2017 Aug., v. 164, no. 8

    2017  

    Abstract: Mysids, an important food web component in the littoral zone of coastal waters, have been neglected so far in ocean acidification research. Juveniles of the littoral mysid Praunus flexuosus were exposed in the laboratory to four pCO₂ levels (530, 930, ... ...

    Abstract Mysids, an important food web component in the littoral zone of coastal waters, have been neglected so far in ocean acidification research. Juveniles of the littoral mysid Praunus flexuosus were exposed in the laboratory to four pCO₂ levels (530, 930, 1200, and 1600 µatm) for 5 weeks. In addition, juveniles were provided with two different food levels during the experiment. High pCO₂ did not affect survival, but delayed moulting. Juvenile growth decreased and inter-moult period between the last moulting events increased with increasing pCO₂ at low but not at high food supply, suggesting that high food availability is needed to prevent these negative effects of elevated pCO₂. However, small individual juveniles showed lower feeding rates at high pCO₂ compared to the control after prolonged exposure, suggesting decreased activity likely due to impaired metabolism. The subtle negative effects of elevated pCO₂ on life history traits observed in this study suggest that P. flexuosus probably has to adapt to counteract adverse effects of predicted high pCO₂, especially when food is limiting.
    Keywords Malacostraca ; adverse effects ; carbon dioxide enrichment ; coastal water ; food availability ; food webs ; juveniles ; life history ; littoral zone ; metabolism ; molting ; ocean acidification
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-08
    Size p. 173.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1117-4
    ISSN 1432-1793 ; 0025-3162
    ISSN (online) 1432-1793
    ISSN 0025-3162
    DOI 10.1007/s00227-017-3203-0
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  10. Article: UV radiation affects antipredatory defense traits in

    Eshun-Wilson, Franceen / Wolf, Raoul / Andersen, Tom / Hessen, Dag O / Sperfeld, Erik

    Ecology and evolution

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 24, Page(s) 14082–14097

    Abstract: In aquatic environments, prey perceive predator threats by chemical cues called kairomones, which can induce changes in their morphology, life histories, and behavior. Predator-induced defenses have allowed for prey, such ... ...

    Abstract In aquatic environments, prey perceive predator threats by chemical cues called kairomones, which can induce changes in their morphology, life histories, and behavior. Predator-induced defenses have allowed for prey, such as
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.6999
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