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Article: Taxonomy and phylogeny of the phlegmacioid clade Camptori (Cortinarius s.l., Basidiomycota) in Europe with description of four new species

Schmidt-Stohn, Geert / Brandrud, Tor Erik / Bellanger, Jean-Michel / Saar, Günter / Ballarà, Josep / Armada, François / Albert, László / Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg / Dima, Bálint

Mycological progress. 2022 June, v. 21, no. 6

2022

Abstract: In this study, we investigate the phylogeny and taxonomy of the /Camptori clade sensu Soop et al. (2019a). Based on combined nrDNA ITS phylogenetic, morphological, and ecological analyses, the clade includes six species in Europe, four of which are ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we investigate the phylogeny and taxonomy of the /Camptori clade sensu Soop et al. (2019a). Based on combined nrDNA ITS phylogenetic, morphological, and ecological analyses, the clade includes six species in Europe, four of which are described here as new to science: Cortinarius malavalii, C. marklundii, C. violaceoserrulatus, and C. viridocaelestinus. We also provide a taxonomic revision of the two known species in the clade, C. camptoros and C. viridocoeruleus. In its current concept, the /Camptori clade is mostly represented in frondose woodlands of southern Europe and none of the species is found in the boreal coniferous zones of Northern Europe. Three species are strictly thermophilous Mediterranean-submediterranean species associated mainly with southern Quercus spp., whereas C. camptoros is found mainly in montane Abies forests, and C. marklundii reaches boreonemoral Tilia-Corylus sites in S Scandinavia and alpine Dryas sites in Spain. An identification key to the species is presented.
Keywords	Abies ; Cortinarius ; Quercus ; new species ; phylogeny ; taxonomic keys ; taxonomic revisions ; Northern European region ; Scandinavia ; Southern European region ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Size	p. 55.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2226747-5
ISSN	1861-8952 ; 1617-416X
ISSN (online)	1861-8952
ISSN	1617-416X
DOI	10.1007/s11557-022-01804-1
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus

Garnica, Sigisfredo / Schön, Max Emil / Abarenkov, Kessy / Riess, Kai / Liimatainen, Kare / Niskanen, Tuula / Dima, Bálint / Soop, Karl / Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg / Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard / Peintner, Ursula / Kuhnert-Finkernagel, Regina / Brandrud, Tor Erik / Saar, Günter / Oertel, Bernhard / Ammirati, Joseph F

FEMS microbiology ecology. 2016 Apr. 01, v. 92, no. 4

2019

Abstract: Different distance-based threshold selection approaches were used to assess and compare use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to distinguish among 901 Cortinarius species represented by >3000 collections. Sources of error associated with ... ...

Abstract	Different distance-based threshold selection approaches were used to assess and compare use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to distinguish among 901 Cortinarius species represented by >3000 collections. Sources of error associated with genetic markers and selection approaches were explored and evaluated using MOTUs from genus and lineage based-alignments. Our study indicates that 1%–2% more species can be distinguished by using the full-length ITS barcode as compared to either the ITS1 or ITS2 regions alone. Optimal threshold values for different picking approaches and genetic marker lengths inferred from a subset of species containing major lineages ranged from 97.0% to 99.5% sequence similarity using clustering optimization and UNITE SH, and from 1% to 2% sequence dissimilarity with CROP. Errors for the optimal cutoff ranged from 0% to 70%, and these can be reduced to a maximum of 22% when excluding species lacking a barcode gap. A threshold value of 99% is suitable for distinguishing species in the majority of lineages in the genus using the entire ITS region but only 90% of the species could be identified using just the ITS1 or ITS2 region. Prior identification of species, lacking barcode gaps and their subsequent separate analyses, maximized the accuracy of threshold approaches.
Keywords	Cortinarius ; DNA barcoding ; ectomycorrhizae ; fungi ; genetic markers ; internal transcribed spacers ; sequence homology
Language	English
Publishing place	Oxford University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	283722-5
ISSN	1574-6941 ; 0168-6496
ISSN (online)	1574-6941
ISSN	0168-6496
DOI	10.1093/femsec/fiw045
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Von Familien und größeren Unternehmen - Parallelen und Grenzen einer gemeinsamen systemischen Betrachtung

Saar, Günter W.

(In: Wagner, Rainer H. (Ed.), Praxis der Veränderung in Organisationen. Was Systemtheorie, Psychologie und Konstruktivismus zum Verstehen und Handeln in Organisationen beitragen können (S. 89-124). Göttingen: Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie)

1995

Abstract: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer gemeinsamen systemischen Betrachtung von Familien und Unternehmen werden im Rahmen einer Fallstudie erörtert. Dabei wird der Versuch unternommen, Analogien aus den systemischen Therapieansätzen bei kranken Familien für die ...

Title translation	Families and business organizations: Parallels and limits of a common systemic approach
Series title	In: Wagner, Rainer H. (Ed.), Praxis der Veränderung in Organisationen. Was Systemtheorie, Psychologie und Konstruktivismus zum Verstehen und Handeln in Organisationen beitragen können (S. 89-124). Göttingen: Verlag für Angewandte Psychologie
Abstract	Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer gemeinsamen systemischen Betrachtung von Familien und Unternehmen werden im Rahmen einer Fallstudie erörtert. Dabei wird der Versuch unternommen, Analogien aus den systemischen Therapieansätzen bei kranken Familien für die Führungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit in Unternehmen abzuleiten. Entwicklungsabläufe und Interventionsansätze in beiden Kontexten werden gegeneinander gehalten, und Perspektiven und Interventionskonzepte systemischer Therapien werden beschrieben und an der Erfahrung in einem konkreten Projekt (Beratung eines Unternehmens der Hochtechnologie auf ihre Übertragungsmöglichkeiten geprüft. Abschließend werden die Steuerungsregeln, die in beiden Systemen gültig sind, zusammengefasst.
Keywords	Beratungspsychologie ; Business Organizations ; Counseling Psychology ; Familientherapie ; Family Therapy ; Organisationsentwicklung ; Organisationsveränderung ; Organizational Change ; Organizational Development ; Systeme ; Systems ; Systems Theory ; Systemtheorie ; Unternehmen (Wirtschaft)
Language	German
Document type	Article
Database	PSYNDEX

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Article ; Online: Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus.

FEMS microbiology ecology

2016 Volume 92, Issue 4, Page(s) fiw045

Abstract	Different distance-based threshold selection approaches were used to assess and compare use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to distinguish among 901 Cortinarius species represented by >3000 collections. Sources of error associated with genetic markers and selection approaches were explored and evaluated using MOTUs from genus and lineage based-alignments. Our study indicates that 1%-2% more species can be distinguished by using the full-length ITS barcode as compared to either the ITS1 or ITS2 regions alone. Optimal threshold values for different picking approaches and genetic marker lengths inferred from a subset of species containing major lineages ranged from 97.0% to 99.5% sequence similarity using clustering optimization and UNITE SH, and from 1% to 2% sequence dissimilarity with CROP. Errors for the optimal cutoff ranged from 0% to 70%, and these can be reduced to a maximum of 22% when excluding species lacking a barcode gap. A threshold value of 99% is suitable for distinguishing species in the majority of lineages in the genus using the entire ITS region but only 90% of the species could be identified using just the ITS1 or ITS2 region. Prior identification of species, lacking barcode gaps and their subsequent separate analyses, maximized the accuracy of threshold approaches.
MeSH term(s)	Cortinarius/classification ; Cortinarius/genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Mycorrhizae/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Intergenic ; Genetic Markers
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	283722-5
ISSN	1574-6941 ; 0168-6496
ISSN (online)	1574-6941
ISSN	0168-6496
DOI	10.1093/femsec/fiw045
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book: Ärztliche Behelfstechnik

Fürst, Theobald / Saar, Günter von

1918

Author's details	hrsg. von G. Freiherr von Saar. Bearb. von Th. Fürst
Language	German
Size	XV, 605 S., zahlr. Ill.
Publisher	Springer
Publishing place	Berlin
Document type	Book
Database	Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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Book: Die Sportverletzungen

Saar, Günter von

(Neue deutsche Chirurgie; 13)

1914

Author's details	von G. Freiherrn von Saar
Series title	Neue deutsche Chirurgie; 13
Size	XV, 325 Seiten: Illustrationen
Publisher	Enke; Stuttgart
Document type	Book
HBZ-ID	HT010417405
Database	Central Library of Sport Science of the German Sport University Cologne

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Article: Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa.

Zamora, Juan Carlos / Svensson, Måns / Kirschner, Roland / Olariaga, Ibai / Ryman, Svengunnar / Parra, Luis Alberto / Geml, József / Rosling, Anna / Adamčík, Slavomír / Ahti, Teuvo / Aime, M Catherine / Ainsworth, A Martyn / Albert, László / Albertó, Edgardo / García, Alberto Altés / Ageev, Dmitry / Agerer, Reinhard / Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña / Ammirati, Joe /

Andersson, Harry / Angelini, Claudio / Antonín, Vladimír / Aoki, Takayuki / Aptroot, André / Argaud, Didier / Sosa, Blanca Imelda Arguello / Aronsen, Arne / Arup, Ulf / Asgari, Bita / Assyov, Boris / Atienza, Violeta / Bandini, Ditte / Baptista-Ferreira, João Luís / Baral, Hans-Otto / Baroni, Tim / Barreto, Robert Weingart / Beker, Henry / Bell, Ann / Bellanger, Jean-Michel / Bellù, Francesco / Bemmann, Martin / Bendiksby, Mika / Bendiksen, Egil / Bendiksen, Katriina / Benedek, Lajos / Bérešová-Guttová, Anna / Berger, Franz / Berndt, Reinhard / Bernicchia, Annarosa / Biketova, Alona Yu / Bizio, Enrico / Bjork, Curtis / Boekhout, Teun / Boertmann, David / Böhning, Tanja / Boittin, Florent / Boluda, Carlos G / Boomsluiter, Menno W / Borovička, Jan / Brandrud, Tor Erik / Braun, Uwe / Brodo, Irwin / Bulyonkova, Tatiana / Burdsall, Harold H / Buyck, Bart / Burgaz, Ana Rosa / Calatayud, Vicent / Callac, Philippe / Campo, Emanuele / Candusso, Massimo / Capoen, Brigitte / Carbó, Joaquim / Carbone, Matteo / Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F / Castellano, Michael A / Chen, Jie / Clerc, Philippe / Consiglio, Giovanni / Corriol, Gilles / Courtecuisse, Régis / Crespo, Ana / Cripps, Cathy / Crous, Pedro W / da Silva, Gladstone Alves / da Silva, Meiriele / Dam, Marjo / Dam, Nico / Dämmrich, Frank / Das, Kanad / Davies, Linda / De Crop, Eske / De Kesel, Andre / De Lange, Ruben / De Madrignac Bonzi, Bárbara / Dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E / Delgat, Lynn / Demoulin, Vincent / Desjardin, Dennis E / Diederich, Paul / Dima, Bálint / Dios, Maria Martha / Divakar, Pradeep Kumar / Douanla-Meli, Clovis / Douglas, Brian / Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo / Dyer, Paul S / Eberhardt, Ursula / Ertz, Damien / Esteve-Raventós, Fernando / Salazar, Javier Angel Etayo / Evenson, Vera / Eyssartier, Guillaume / Farkas, Edit / Favre, Alain / Fedosova, Anna G / Filippa, Mario / Finy, Péter / Flakus, Adam / Fos, Simón / Fournier, Jacques / Fraiture, André / Franchi, Paolo / Molano, Ana Esperanza Franco / Friebes, Gernot / Frisch, Andreas / Fryday, Alan / Furci, Giuliana / Márquez, Ricardo Galán / Garbelotto, Matteo / García-Martín, Joaquina María / Otálora, Mónica A García / Sánchez, Dania García / Gardiennet, Alain / Garnica, Sigisfredo / Benavent, Isaac Garrido / Gates, Genevieve / da Cruz Lima Gerlach, Alice / Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh / Gibertoni, Tatiana B / Grebenc, Tine / Greilhuber, Irmgard / Grishkan, Bella / Groenewald, Johannes Z / Grube, Martin / Gruhn, Gérald / Gueidan, Cécile / Gulden, Gro / Gusmão, Luis Fp / Hafellner, Josef / Hairaud, Michel / Halama, Marek / Hallenberg, Nils / Halling, Roy E / Hansen, Karen / Harder, Christoffer Bugge / Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob / Helleman, Stip / Henriot, Alain / Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita / Herve, Raphaël / Hobart, Caroline / Hoffmeister, Mascha / Høiland, Klaus / Holec, Jan / Holien, Håkon / Hughes, Karen / Hubka, Vit / Huhtinen, Seppo / Ivančević, Boris / Jagers, Marian / Jaklitsch, Walter / Jansen, AnnaElise / Jayawardena, Ruvishika S / Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard / Jeppson, Mikael / Johnston, Peter / Jørgensen, Per Magnus / Kärnefelt, Ingvar / Kalinina, Liudmila B / Kantvilas, Gintaras / Karadelev, Mitko / Kasuya, Taiga / Kautmanová, Ivona / Kerrigan, Richard W / Kirchmair, Martin / Kiyashko, Anna / Knapp, Dániel G / Knudsen, Henning / Knudsen, Kerry / Knutsson, Tommy / Kolařík, Miroslav / Kõljalg, Urmas / Košuthová, Alica / Koszka, Attila / Kotiranta, Heikki / Kotkova, Vera / Koukol, Ondřej / Kout, Jiří / Kovács, Gábor M / Kříž, Martin / Kruys, Åsa / Kučera, Viktor / Kudzma, Linas / Kuhar, Francisco / Kukwa, Martin / Arun Kumar, T K / Kunca, Vladimír / Kušan, Ivana / Kuyper, Thomas W / Lado, Carlos / Læssøe, Thomas / Lainé, Patrice / Langer, Ewald / Larsson, Ellen / Larsson, Karl-Henrik / Laursen, Gary / Lechat, Christian / Lee, Serena / Lendemer, James C / Levin, Laura / Lindemann, Uwe / Lindström, Håkan / Liu, Xingzhong / Hernandez, Regulo Carlos Llarena / Llop, Esteve / Locsmándi, Csaba / Lodge, Deborah Jean / Loizides, Michael / Lőkös, László / Luangsa-Ard, Jennifer / Lüderitz, Matthias / Lumbsch, Thorsten / Lutz, Matthias / Mahoney, Dan / Malysheva, Ekaterina / Malysheva, Vera / Manimohan, Patinjareveettil / Marin-Felix, Yasmina / Marques, Guilhermina / Martínez-Gil, Rubén / Marson, Guy / Mata, Gerardo / Matheny, P Brandon / Mathiassen, Geir Harald / Matočec, Neven / Mayrhofer, Helmut / Mehrabi, Mehdi / Melo, Ireneia / Mešić, Armin / Methven, Andrew S / Miettinen, Otto / Romero, Ana M Millanes / Miller, Andrew N / Mitchell, James K / Moberg, Roland / Moreau, Pierre-Arthur / Moreno, Gabriel / Morozova, Olga / Morte, Asunción / Muggia, Lucia / González, Guillermo Muñoz / Myllys, Leena / Nagy, István / Nagy, László G / Neves, Maria Alice / Niemelä, Tuomo / Nimis, Pier Luigi / Niveiro, Nicolas / Noordeloos, Machiel E / Nordin, Anders / Noumeur, Sara Raouia / Novozhilov, Yuri / Nuytinck, Jorinde / Ohenoja, Esteri / Fiuza, Patricia Oliveira / Orange, Alan / Ordynets, Alexander / Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz / Pacheco, Leticia / Pál-Fám, Ferenc / Palacio, Melissa / Palice, Zdeněk / Papp, Viktor / Pärtel, Kadri / Pawlowska, Julia / Paz, Aurelia / Peintner, Ursula / Pennycook, Shaun / Pereira, Olinto Liparini / Daniëls, Pablo Pérez / Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella, Miquel À / Del Amo, Carlos Manuel Pérez / Gorjón, Sergio Pérez / Pérez-Ortega, Sergio / Pérez-Vargas, Israel / Perry, Brian A / Petersen, Jens H / Petersen, Ronald H / Pfister, Donald H / Phukhamsakda, Chayanard / Piątek, Marcin / Piepenbring, Meike / Pino-Bodas, Raquel / Esquivel, Juan Pablo Pinzón / Pirot, Paul / Popov, Eugene S / Popoff, Orlando / Álvaro, María Prieto / Printzen, Christian / Psurtseva, Nadezhda / Purahong, Witoon / Quijada, Luis / Rambold, Gerhard / Ramírez, Natalia A / Raja, Huzefa / Raspé, Olivier / Raymundo, Tania / Réblová, Martina / Rebriev, Yury A / de Dios Reyes García, Juan / Ripoll, Miguel Ángel Ribes / Richard, Franck / Richardson, Mike J / Rico, Víctor J / Robledo, Gerardo Lucio / Barbosa, Flavia Rodrigues / Rodriguez-Caycedo, Cristina / Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela / Ronikier, Anna / Casas, Luis Rubio / Rusevska, Katerina / Saar, Günter / Saar, Irja / Salcedo, Isabel / Martínez, Sergio M Salcedo / Montoya, Carlos A Salvador / Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago / Sandoval-Sierra, J Vladimir / Santamaria, Sergi / Monteiro, Josiane Santana / Schroers, Hans Josef / Schulz, Barbara / Schmidt-Stohn, Geert / Schumacher, Trond / Senn-Irlet, Beatrice / Ševčíková, Hana / Shchepin, Oleg / Shirouzu, Takashi / Shiryaev, Anton / Siepe, Klaus / Sir, Esteban B / Sohrabi, Mohammad / Soop, Karl / Spirin, Viacheslav / Spribille, Toby / Stadler, Marc / Stalpers, Joost / Stenroos, Soili / Suija, Ave / Sunhede, Stellan / Svantesson, Sten / Svensson, Sigvard / Svetasheva, Tatyana Yu / Świerkosz, Krzysztof / Tamm, Heidi / Taskin, Hatira / Taudière, Adrien / Tedebrand, Jan-Olof / Lahoz, Raúl Tena / Temina, Marina / Thell, Arne / Thines, Marco / Thor, Göran / Thüs, Holger / Tibell, Leif / Tibell, Sanja / Timdal, Einar / Tkalčec, Zdenko / Tønsberg, Tor / Trichies, Gérard / Triebel, Dagmar / Tsurykau, Andrei / Tulloss, Rodham E / Tuovinen, Veera / Sosa, Miguel Ulloa / Urcelay, Carlos / Valade, François / Garza, Ricardo Valenzuela / van den Boom, Pieter / Van Vooren, Nicolas / Vasco-Palacios, Aida M / Vauras, Jukka / Velasco Santos, Juan Manuel / Vellinga, Else / Verbeken, Annemieke / Vetlesen, Per / Vizzini, Alfredo / Voglmayr, Hermann / Volobuev, Sergey / von Brackel, Wolfgang / Voronina, Elena / Walther, Grit / Watling, Roy / Weber, Evi / Wedin, Mats / Weholt, Øyvind / Westberg, Martin / Yurchenko, Eugene / Zehnálek, Petr / Zhang, Huang / Zhurbenko, Mikhail P / Ekman, Stefan

IMA fungus

2018 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 167–175

Abstract: Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological ... ...

Abstract	Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2666116-0
ISSN	2210-6359 ; 2210-6340
ISSN (online)	2210-6359
ISSN	2210-6340
DOI	10.5598/imafungus.2018.09.01.10
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Article ; Online: Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa.

IMA fungus

2018

Abstract	Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
Keywords	IMC11 ; nomenclature ; speciation ; taxonomy ; typification ; voucherless fungi
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2018-06-01
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa.

IMA fungus

2018

Abstract	Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
Keywords	IMC11 ; nomenclature ; speciation ; taxonomy ; typification ; voucherless fungi
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2018-06-01
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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