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Article ; Online: Short-latency afferent inhibition is reduced in people with multiple sclerosis during fatiguing muscle contractions.

Brotherton, Emily J / Sabapathy, Surendran / Dempsey, Lisa M / Kavanagh, Justin J

2024 Volume 59, Issue 8, Page(s) 2087–2101

Abstract: Understanding how inhibitory pathways influence motor cortical activity during fatiguing contractions may provide valuable insight into mechanisms associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) muscle activation. Short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) reflects ...

Abstract	Understanding how inhibitory pathways influence motor cortical activity during fatiguing contractions may provide valuable insight into mechanisms associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) muscle activation. Short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI) reflects inhibitory interactions between the somatosensory cortex and the motor cortex, and although SAI is typically reduced with MS, it is unknown how SAI is regulated during exercise-induced fatigue. The current study examined how SAI modulates motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during fatiguing contractions. Fourteen people with relapsing-remitting MS (39 ± 6 years, nine female) and 10 healthy individuals (36 ± 6 years, six female) participated. SAI was induced by stimulation of the median nerve that was paired with TMS over the motor representation of the abductor pollicis brevis. A contraction protocol was employed that depressed force generating capacity using a sustained 3-min 15% MVC, immediately followed by a low-intensity (15% MVC) intermittent contraction protocol so that MEP and SAI could be measured during the rest phases of each duty cycle. Similar force, electromyography and MEP responses were observed between groups. However, the MS group had significantly reduced SAI during the contraction protocol compared to the healthy control group (p < .001). Despite the MS group reporting greater scores on the Fatigue Severity Scale and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, these scales did not correlate with inhibitory measures. As there were no between-group differences in SSEPs, MS-related SAI differences during the fatiguing contractions were most likely associated with disease-related changes in central integration.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Muscle Fatigue ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Electromyography ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Afferent Pathways/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	645180-9
ISSN	1460-9568 ; 0953-816X
ISSN (online)	1460-9568
ISSN	0953-816X
DOI	10.1111/ejn.16253
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Zs.A 2548: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Voluntary muscle activation in people with multiple sclerosis is reduced across a wide range of forces following maximal effort-fatiguing contractions.

Brotherton, Emily J / Sabapathy, Surendran / Heshmat, Saman / Kavanagh, Justin J

Journal of neurophysiology

2023 Volume 130, Issue 5, Page(s) 1162–1173

Abstract: Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with motor impairment, little is known about how muscle activation is affected with MS. The aim of this study was to use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and motor nerve stimulation to ... ...

Abstract	Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with motor impairment, little is known about how muscle activation is affected with MS. The aim of this study was to use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and motor nerve stimulation to investigate voluntary muscle activation in people with MS across a range of contraction forces. Ten people with MS (39 ± 7 yr) and 10 healthy controls (40 ± 5 yr) performed elbow flexions at target contraction forces of 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) while electromyography (EMG) of the biceps brachii was recorded. Sustained elbow flexion MVCs were then performed until force declined to 60% of baseline MVC, where the target contraction forces were again examined but after the sustained MVC. Following the sustained MVC, there was a reduction in biceps EMG amplitude (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Electric Stimulation ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Electromyography ; Fatigue ; Isometric Contraction/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80161-6
ISSN	1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
ISSN (online)	1522-1598
ISSN	0022-3077
DOI	10.1152/jn.00146.2023
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Article ; Online: Modulation of red blood cell nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in the quiescent and exercising human forearm.

Leo, Jeffrey A / Sabapathy, Surendran / Kuck, Lennart / Simmonds, Michael J

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology

2023 Volume 325, Issue 3, Page(s) R260–R268

Abstract: In vitro investigations demonstrate that human erythrocytes synthesize nitric oxide via a functional isoform of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (RBC-NOS). We tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of RBC-NOS at serine residue 1177 (RBC- ... ...

Abstract	In vitro investigations demonstrate that human erythrocytes synthesize nitric oxide via a functional isoform of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (RBC-NOS). We tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of RBC-NOS at serine residue 1177 (RBC-NOS
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Forearm ; Nitric Oxide ; Hand Strength ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism ; Hypoxia
Chemical Substances	Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase (EC 1.14.13.39)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603839-6
ISSN	1522-1490 ; 0363-6119
ISSN (online)	1522-1490
ISSN	0363-6119
DOI	10.1152/ajpregu.00017.2023
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Article ; Online: People with multiple sclerosis have reduced TMS-evoked motor cortical output compared with healthy individuals during fatiguing submaximal contractions.

Brotherton, Emily J / Sabapathy, Surendran / Mckeown, Daniel J / Kavanagh, Justin J

Journal of neurophysiology

2022 Volume 128, Issue 1, Page(s) 105–117

Abstract: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) typically experience greater levels of exercise-induced fatigue compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, this study examined performance fatigability in PwMS when executing a prolonged submaximal contraction. ... ...

Abstract	People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) typically experience greater levels of exercise-induced fatigue compared with healthy individuals. Therefore, this study examined performance fatigability in PwMS when executing a prolonged submaximal contraction. Nine PwMS (38 ± 7 yr, 6 females) and nine healthy controls (35 ± 6 yr, 4 females) performed an elbow flexion at 15% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 26 min. MVCs were performed every 2 min during, and following, the contraction to determine if maximal force was impaired by the low-intensity contraction. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered to the primary motor cortex with a circular coil during each MVC and during the submaximal contraction. Superimposed and resting twitches were calculated from elbow flexion torque, whereas motor-evoked potentials were calculated from biceps brachii electromyography. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained before each MVC. During the fatiguing contraction protocol, the MS group exhibited a reduced MVC torque compared with the healthy control group (
MeSH term(s)	Electric Stimulation/methods ; Electromyography/methods ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle Fatigue/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80161-6
ISSN	1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
ISSN (online)	1522-1598
ISSN	0022-3077
DOI	10.1152/jn.00514.2021
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Article ; Online: High-Intensity Small Muscle Mass Training in Patients With Heart Failure: Rationale and Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Louis, Menaka / Hwang, Rita / Sabapathy, Surendran / Roberts, Llion Arwyn / Morris, Norman Rolston

Physical therapy

2023 Volume 104, Issue 1

Abstract: Objective: Small muscle mass training localized to the quadriceps femoris muscle group has been proposed as an intervention to reverse heart failure-related skeletal muscle impairments. Although this training paradigm has demonstrated efficacy in heart ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Small muscle mass training localized to the quadriceps femoris muscle group has been proposed as an intervention to reverse heart failure-related skeletal muscle impairments. Although this training paradigm has demonstrated efficacy in heart failure, it remains to be evaluated in a conventional clinical context. Hence, the aim of this proposed study is to determine the effects of integrating high-intensity small muscle mass training (HISMT) isolated to the knee extensor muscles within a standard heart failure rehabilitation program. Methods: This single-blind, randomized controlled trial will aim to recruit 70 participants with heart failure. Participants will be randomized to either (1) standard training: combination of upper and lower extremity cardiovascular and resistance-based exercises, or (2) HISMT plus modified standard training: bilateral knee extensor HISMT and a modified version of the standard training, so that the total volume of work will be similar to standard training alone. The training interventions will be undertaken twice weekly for 12 weeks in an outpatient clinical setting. Outcome measurements will be performed at baseline and after the 12-week intervention period. The primary outcome will be exercise capacity (6-Minute Walk Test), with secondary outcomes being physical performance measures, muscle strength, and health-related quality of life. Data will be analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle. Impact: This study will address a gap in the literature regarding the efficacy of small muscle training under routine clinical conditions for individuals with heart failure. The findings will also provide insight into the effects of HISMT within a heart failure rehabilitation program, thus enabling the optimization of exercise prescription for this patient population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Quality of Life ; Single-Blind Method ; Exercise Therapy ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Heart Failure ; Muscle Strength/physiology ; Resistance Training
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	415886-6
ISSN	1538-6724 ; 0031-9023
ISSN (online)	1538-6724
ISSN	0031-9023
DOI	10.1093/ptj/pzad130
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Article ; Online: Rate-Pressure Product Responses to Static Contractions Performed at Various Altitudes.

Simmonds, Michael J / Sabapathy, Surendran / Hero, Jean-Marc

High altitude medicine & biology

2021 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 166–173

Abstract: Simmonds, Michael J., Surendran Sabapathy, and Jean-Marc Hero. Rate-pressure product responses to static contractions performed at various altitudes. ...

Abstract	Simmonds, Michael J., Surendran Sabapathy, and Jean-Marc Hero. Rate-pressure product responses to static contractions performed at various altitudes.
MeSH term(s)	Altitude ; Blood Pressure ; Exercise ; Hand Strength ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nepal
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2076262-8
ISSN	1557-8682 ; 1527-0297
ISSN (online)	1557-8682
ISSN	1527-0297
DOI	10.1089/ham.2020.0144
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Zs.A 5674: Show issues

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Article: Shear Stress and RBC-NOS Serine1177 Phosphorylation in Humans: A Dose Response.

Horobin, Jarod T / Sabapathy, Surendran / Kuck, Lennart / Simmonds, Michael J

Life (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1

Abstract: Red blood cells (RBC) express a nitric oxide synthase isoform (RBC-NOS) that appears dependent on shear stress for Serine1177 phosphorylation. Whether this protein is equally activated by varied shears in the physiological range is less described. Here, ... ...

Abstract	Red blood cells (RBC) express a nitric oxide synthase isoform (RBC-NOS) that appears dependent on shear stress for Serine1177 phosphorylation. Whether this protein is equally activated by varied shears in the physiological range is less described. Here, we explored RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation in response to shear stress levels reflective of in vivo conditions. Whole blood samples were exposed to specific magnitudes of shear stress (0.5, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5 Pa) for discrete exposure times (1, 10, 30 min). Thereafter, RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation was measured utilising immunofluorescence labelling. Shear stress exposure at 0.5, 1.5, and 13.5 Pa significantly increased RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation following 1 min (
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662250-6
ISSN	2075-1729
ISSN	2075-1729
DOI	10.3390/life11010036
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Article ; Online: Small Muscle Mass Training in Heart Failure: A Scoping Review of The Literature.

Louis, Menaka / Hwang, Rita / Sabapathy, Surendran / Roberts, Llion Arwyn / Morris, Norman Rolston

Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention

2022 Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) 373–375

MeSH term(s)	Heart Failure/therapy ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2272063-7
ISSN	1932-751X ; 1932-7501
ISSN (online)	1932-751X
ISSN	1932-7501
DOI	10.1097/HCR.0000000000000721
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Article ; Online: Exertional Dyspnoea responses reported in the Dyspnoea Challenge and measures of disease severity in COPD.

Aitken, Craig R / Walsh, James R / Stewart, Glenn M / Sabapathy, Surendran / Adams, Lewis / Morris, Norman R

Respiratory physiology & neurobiology

2022 Volume 304, Page(s) 103941

Abstract: Background: The Dyspnoea Challenge has been developed to facilitate the field-based measure of exertional dyspnoea(ED). To further validate the test, we aimed to; investigate the relationship between end-exercise ED, generated by a fixed-intensity ... ...

Abstract	Background: The Dyspnoea Challenge has been developed to facilitate the field-based measure of exertional dyspnoea(ED). To further validate the test, we aimed to; investigate the relationship between end-exercise ED, generated by a fixed-intensity Dyspnoea Challenge(DC Methods: Thirty-two individuals (15 female) with COPD (GOLD II-IV) (age: 69.7 ± 9.4 yrs; FEV Results: End-exercise ED measured during the DC Conclusions: The Dyspnoea Challenge is correlated to different parameters of disease severity and produces a similar physiological and ED response to that of the 6MWT with the added benefit of being appropriate for longitudinal assessment of ED.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Dyspnea/diagnosis ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Exercise Test ; Exercise Tolerance ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications ; Severity of Illness Index
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2077867-3
ISSN	1878-1519 ; 1569-9048
ISSN (online)	1878-1519
ISSN	1569-9048
DOI	10.1016/j.resp.2022.103941
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Zs.A 519: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Optimising the Dyspnoea Challenge: exertional dyspnoea responses to changing treadmill gradients.

Aitken, Craig R / Walsh, James R / Sabapathy, Surendran / Adams, Lewis / Morris, Norman R / Stewart, Glenn M

Respiratory physiology & neurobiology

2022 Volume 302, Page(s) 103915

Abstract: Background: The Dyspnoea Challenge is a two-minute treadmill walk designed to measure exertional dyspnoea(ED). To efficiently individualise workload, we aimed to assess; 1) whether the Dyspnoea Challenge is responsive to 1% changes in treadmill gradient ...

Abstract	Background: The Dyspnoea Challenge is a two-minute treadmill walk designed to measure exertional dyspnoea(ED). To efficiently individualise workload, we aimed to assess; 1) whether the Dyspnoea Challenge is responsive to 1% changes in treadmill gradient and 2) the minimum gradient variation necessary to generate a clinically meaningful change in ED (≥1 modified Borg scale). Methods: Thirty individuals with COPD(GOLD II-IV) (age: 69.2 ± 9.2 years; FEV Results: Higher treadmill gradients generated stronger intensities of ED (3%:2.6 ± 1.8; 4%:2.8 ± 2.2; 5%:3.2 ± 2.2; 6%:3.4 ± 2.2; 7%:3.7 ± 1.8; 8%:4.0 ± 2.1units). Statistical changes were observed in ED(e.g.,3 vs. 5%: P = .03) and the MDP discomfort data(e.g.,4 vs. 6%: P = .04) at ≥ a 2% variation in treadmill gradient. Linear regression found a 4% variation in treadmill gradient corresponded to a rise in ED ≥ 1unit. Increases in ED intensity corresponded to heightened sensations of work/effort(P < .01) and breathing frequency(P < .01). There were no changes in emotional constructs(P = .27). While there was an increase in HR with increasing gradient(P < .01), no differences were observed in end-exercise S Conclusion: To significantly change ED, the treadmill gradient must be manipulated by ≥ 2%, with a ≥ 4% change in gradient required to induce a clinically meaningful change in ED.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Dyspnea ; Exercise Test/methods ; Exercise Tolerance/physiology ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Function Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-29
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2077867-3
ISSN	1878-1519 ; 1569-9048
ISSN (online)	1878-1519
ISSN	1569-9048
DOI	10.1016/j.resp.2022.103915
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