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Article ; Online: Obstructive and restrictive spirometry from school age to adulthood

Anhar Ullah / Raquel Granell / Sadia Haider / Lesley Lowe / Sara Fontanella / Hasan Arshad / Clare S. Murray / Steve Turner / John W. Holloway / Angela Simpson / Graham Roberts / Adnan Custovic / John Ainsworth / Philip Couch / Paul Cullinan / Graham Devereux / Ashley Woodcock

EClinicalMedicine, Vol 67, Iss , Pp 102355- (2024)

three birth cohort studiesResearch in context

1481

Abstract: Summary: Background: Spirometric obstruction and restriction are two patterns of impaired lung function which are predictive of poor health. We investigated the development of these phenotypes and their transitions through childhood to early adulthood. ... ...

Abstract	Summary: Background: Spirometric obstruction and restriction are two patterns of impaired lung function which are predictive of poor health. We investigated the development of these phenotypes and their transitions through childhood to early adulthood. Methods: In this study, we analysed pooled data from three UK population−based birth cohorts established between 1989 and 1995. We applied descriptive statistics, regression modelling and data-driven modelling to data from three population−based birth cohorts with at least three spirometry measures from childhood to adulthood (mid-school: 8–10 years, n = 8404; adolescence: 15–18, n = 5764; and early adulthood: 20–26, n = 4680). Participants were assigned to normal, restrictive, and obstructive spirometry based on adjusted regression residuals. We considered two transitions: from 8–10 to 15–18 and from 15–18 to 20–26 years. Findings: Obstructive phenotype was observed in ∼10%, and restrictive in ∼9%. A substantial proportion of children with impaired lung function in school age (between one third in obstructive and a half in restricted phenotype) improved and achieved normal and stable lung function to early adulthood. Of those with normal lung function in school-age, <5% declined to adulthood. Underweight restrictive and obese obstructive participants were less likely to transit to normal. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and current asthma diagnosis increased the risk of persistent obstruction and worsening. Significant associate of worsening in restrictive phenotypes was lower BMI at the first lung function assessment. Data-driven methodologies identified similar risk factors for obstructive and restrictive clusters. Interpretation: The worsening and improvement in obstructive and restrictive spirometry were observed at all ages. Maintaining optimal weight during childhood and reducing maternal smoking during pregnancy may reduce spirometry obstruction and restriction and improve lung function. Funding: MRC Grant MR/S025340/1.
Keywords	Lung function ; Obstruction ; Restriction ; Worsening ; Improvement ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Barriers to PrEP uptake among Black female adolescents and emerging adults

Natasha Crooks / Randi B. Singer / Ariel Smith / Emily Ott / Geri Donenberg / Alicia K. Matthews / Crystal L. Patil / Sadia Haider / Amy K. Johnson

Preventive Medicine Reports, Vol 31, Iss , Pp 102062- (2023)

2023

Abstract: HIV/AIDS disproportionately impacts Black cisgender female adolescents and emerging adults. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces the risk of HIV infection; however, structural barriers may exacerbate resistance to PrEP in this population. The purpose ... ...

Abstract	HIV/AIDS disproportionately impacts Black cisgender female adolescents and emerging adults. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) reduces the risk of HIV infection; however, structural barriers may exacerbate resistance to PrEP in this population. The purpose of this paper is to understand the characteristics of age, race, gender, history, and medical mistrust as barriers to PrEP uptake among Black female adolescents and emerging adults (N = 100 respondents) between the ages of 13–24 years in Chicago. Between January and June of 2019, participants completed the survey. We used directed content analysis to examine reported barriers to PrEP uptake. The most commonly identified barriers to PrEP uptake were side effects (N = 39), financial concerns (N = 15), and medical mistrust (N = 12). Less frequently reported barriers included lack of PrEP knowledge and misconceptions (N = 9), stigma (N = 2), privacy concerns (N = 4). We describe innovative multi-level strategies to provide culturally safe care to improve PrEP acceptability among Black female adolescents and emerging adults in Chicago. These recommendations may help mitigate the effect of medical mistrust, stigma, and misconceptions of PrEP within Black communities.
Keywords	HIV prevention ; PrEP ; Black ; Adolescents ; Female ; Barriers ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	303
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: POWER Up-Improving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among Black cisgender women in the Southern United States

Jessica P Ridgway / Samantha A Devlin / Eleanor E Friedman / Ososese E Enaholo / Maria Pyra / Lisa R Hirschhorn / Sadia Haider / Kelly Ducheny / Amy K Johnson

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 5, p e

Protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial (SW-CRT).

2023 Volume 0285858

Abstract: Background HIV disproportionately affects Black/African American cisgender women (hereafter women) in the United States. Despite its proven effectiveness, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention remains vastly under-prescribed to women based ... ...

Abstract	Background HIV disproportionately affects Black/African American cisgender women (hereafter women) in the United States. Despite its proven effectiveness, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention remains vastly under-prescribed to women based on their need. Increasing PrEP uptake and persistence among women is crucial to reducing HIV transmission; however, there have been few studies designed specifically for women. This article describes the study protocol used to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of implementation strategies to improve PrEP uptake and persistence among Black women in the Midwest and South. Methods PrEP Optimization among Women to Enhance Retention and Uptake (POWER Up) is an evidence-based, woman-focused set of five implementation science strategies that addresses barriers of PrEP utilization at the provider, patient, and clinic levels. POWER Up includes 1) routine PrEP education for patients, 2) standardized provider training, 3) electronic medical record (EMR) optimization, 4) PrEP navigation, and 5) PrEP clinical champions. These strategies will be adapted to specific clinics for implementation, tested via a stepped-wedge trial, and, if effective, packaged for further dissemination. Discussion We will utilize a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial (SW-CRT) to measure change in PrEP utilization across diverse geographic areas. Preparation for adapting and implementing the bundle of strategies is needed to determine how to tailor them to specific clinics. Implementation challenges will include adapting strategies with the available resources at each site, maintaining stakeholder involvement and staff buy-in, adjusting the study protocol and planned procedures as needed, and ensuring minimal crossover. Additionally, strengths and limitations of each strategy must be examined before, during, and after the adaptation and implementation processes. Finally, the implementation outcomes of the strategies must be evaluated to determine the real-world success of the ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	390
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Barriers to contraceptive use among adolescents in Nicaragua

J.J. Parker / Cindy Veldhuis / Sadia Haider

Annals of Global Health, Vol 82, Iss

2016 Volume 3

Keywords	Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Ubiquity Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Sex differences in innate anti-viral immune responses to respiratory viruses and in their clinical outcomes in a birth cohort study

Eteri Regis / Sara Fontanella / Lijing Lin / Rebecca Howard / Sadia Haider / John A. Curtin / Michael R. Edwards / Magnus Rattray / Angela Simpson / Adnan Custovic / Sebastian L. Johnston

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 15

Abstract: Abstract The mechanisms explaining excess morbidity and mortality in respiratory infections among males are poorly understood. Innate immune responses are critical in protection against respiratory virus infections. We hypothesised that innate immune ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The mechanisms explaining excess morbidity and mortality in respiratory infections among males are poorly understood. Innate immune responses are critical in protection against respiratory virus infections. We hypothesised that innate immune responses to respiratory viruses may be deficient in males. We stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 345 participants at age 16 years in a population-based birth cohort with three live respiratory viruses (rhinoviruses A16 and A1, and respiratory syncytial virus) and two viral mimics (R848 and CpG-A, to mimic responses to SARS-CoV-2) and investigated sex differences in interferon (IFN) responses. IFN-α responses to all viruses and stimuli were 1.34–2.06-fold lower in males than females (P = 0.018 − < 0.001). IFN-β, IFN-γ and IFN-induced chemokines were also deficient in males across all stimuli/viruses. Healthcare records revealed 12.1% of males and 6.6% of females were hospitalized with respiratory infections in infancy (P = 0.017). In conclusion, impaired innate anti-viral immunity in males likely results in high male morbidity and mortality from respiratory virus infections.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of childhood wheezing phenotypes identifies ANXA1 as a susceptibility locus for persistent wheezing

eLife, Vol

2023 Volume 12

Abstract: Background: Many genes associated with asthma explain only a fraction of its heritability. Most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) used a broad definition of ‘doctor-diagnosed asthma’, thereby diluting genetic signals by not considering asthma ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many genes associated with asthma explain only a fraction of its heritability. Most genome-wide association studies (GWASs) used a broad definition of ‘doctor-diagnosed asthma’, thereby diluting genetic signals by not considering asthma heterogeneity. The objective of our study was to identify genetic associates of childhood wheezing phenotypes. Methods: We conducted a novel multivariate GWAS meta-analysis of wheezing phenotypes jointly derived using unbiased analysis of data collected from birth to 18 years in 9568 individuals from five UK birth cohorts. Results: Forty-four independent SNPs were associated with early-onset persistent, 25 with pre-school remitting, 33 with mid-childhood remitting, and 32 with late-onset wheeze. We identified a novel locus on chr9q21.13 (close to annexin 1 [ANXA1], p<6.7 × 10-9), associated exclusively with early-onset persistent wheeze. We identified rs75260654 as the most likely causative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using Promoter Capture Hi-C loops, and then showed that the risk allele (T) confers a reduction in ANXA1 expression. Finally, in a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway disease, we demonstrated that anxa1 protein expression increased and anxa1 mRNA was significantly induced in lung tissue following HDM exposure. Using anxa1-/- deficient mice, we showed that loss of anxa1 results in heightened airway hyperreactivity and Th2 inflammation upon allergen challenge. Conclusions: Targeting this pathway in persistent disease may represent an exciting therapeutic prospect. Funding: UK Medical Research Council Programme Grant MR/S025340/1 and the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (108818/15/Z) provided most of the funding for this study.
Keywords	GWAS ; ALSPAC ; wheezing phenotypes ; meta-analysis ; MAAS ; ANXA1 ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy in a United States population of women.

Diane Morof / Jody Steinauer / Sadia Haider / Sonia Liu / Philip Darney / Geraldine Barrett

PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e

2012 Volume 35381

Abstract: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (a U.K.-developed measure of pregnancy intention), in English and Spanish translation, in a U.S. population of women.A psychometric evaluation study of the London ... ...

Abstract	To evaluate the reliability and validity of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (a U.K.-developed measure of pregnancy intention), in English and Spanish translation, in a U.S. population of women.A psychometric evaluation study of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP), a six-item, self-completion paper measure was conducted with 346 women aged 15-45 who presented to San Francisco General Hospital for termination of pregnancy or antenatal care. Analyses of the two language versions were carried out separately. Reliability (internal consistency) was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlations. Test-retest reliability (stability) was assessed using weighted Kappa. Construct validity was assessed using principal components analysis and hypothesis testing.Psychometric testing demonstrated that the LMUP was reliable and valid in both U.S. English (alpha = 0.78, all item-total correlations >0.20, weighted Kappa = 0.72, unidimensionality confirmed, hypotheses met) and Spanish translation (alpha = 0.84, all item-total correlations >0.20, weighted Kappa = 0.77, unidimensionality confirmed, hypotheses met).The LMUP was reliable and valid in U.S. English and Spanish translation and therefore may now be used with U.S. women.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Qualitative Analysis of Disclosure Patterns among Women with Sexual Violence-Related Pregnancies in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

Monica Adhiambo Onyango / Gillian Burkhardt / Jennifer Scott / Shada Rouhani / Sadia Haider / Ashley Greiner / Katherine Albutt / Colleen Mullen / Michael VanRooyen / Susan Bartels

PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 10, p e

2016 Volume 0164631

Abstract: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has experienced nearly two decades of civil conflict in the Eastern regions of North and South Kivu. This conflict has been notorious for the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war, leading in many cases to ... ...

Abstract	The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has experienced nearly two decades of civil conflict in the Eastern regions of North and South Kivu. This conflict has been notorious for the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war, leading in many cases to pregnancy after rape. The objectives of this analysis were: 1) to describe patterns of sexual violence-related pregnancy (SVRP) disclosure; 2) to consider why survivors chose to disclose to particular individuals; and 3) to examine the dialogue around SVRPs between women with SVRPs and their confidants. In South Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, two sub-groups of sexual violence survivors completed qualitative interviews, those currently raising a child from an SVRP (parenting group, N = 38) and those who had terminated an SVRP (termination group, N = 17). The findings show that a majority of SVRPs were conceived when participants were held in sexual captivity for prolonged periods of time. The SVRPs were disclosed to friends, family members, other sexual violence survivors, community members, spouses, health care providers, or perpetrators. The confidants were most often chosen because they were perceived by the participants as being discreet, trusted, and supportive. The confidants often provided advice about continuing or terminating the SVRP. Trust and discretion are the most important factors determining to whom women with SVRPs disclose their pregnancies. The vital role of confidants in giving support after disclosure cannot be overlooked. Providing opportunities for survivors to safely disclose their SVRPs, including to health care providers, is a necessary first step in allowing them to access safe and comprehensive post-assault care and services.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spirometric phenotypes from early childhood to young adulthood

Gang Wang / Jenny Hallberg / Dimitrios Charalampopoulos / Maribel Casas Sanahuja / Robab Breyer-Kohansal / Arnulf Langhammer / Raquel Granell / Judith M. Vonk / Annemiek Mian / Núria Olvera / Lisbeth Mølgaard Laustsen / Eva Rönmark / Alicia Abellan / Alvar Agusti / Syed Hasan Arshad / Anna Bergström / H. Marike Boezen / Marie-Kathrin Breyer / Otto Burghuber /

Anneli Clea Bolund / Adnan Custovic / Graham Devereux / Gavin C. Donaldson / Liesbeth Duijts / Ana Esplugues / Rosa Faner / Ferran Ballester / Judith Garcia-Aymerich / Ulrike Gehring / Sadia Haider / Sylvia Hartl / Helena Backman / John W. Holloway / Gerard H. Koppelman / Aitana Lertxundi / Turid Lingaas Holmen / Lesley Lowe / Sara M. Mensink-Bout / Clare S. Murray / Graham Roberts / Linnea Hedman / Vivi Schlünssen / Torben Sigsgaard / Angela Simpson / Jordi Sunyer / Maties Torrent / Stephen Turner / Maarten Van den Berge / Roel C.H. Vermeulen / Sigrid Anna Aalberg Vikjord / Jadwiga A. Wedzicha / Anke H. Maitland van der Zee / Erik Melén

ERJ Open Research, Vol 7, Iss

a Chronic Airway Disease Early Stratification study

2021 Volume 4

Abstract: Background The prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well- ...

Abstract	Background The prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts. Methods We studied 49 334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age groups (≤10, >10–15, >15–20, >20–25 years, and overall, 5–25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), whereas the restrictive phenotype was defined as FEV1/FVC z-score ≥LLN, and FVC z-score <LLN. Results The prevalence of obstructive and restrictive phenotypes varied from 3.2–10.9% and 1.8–7.7%, respectively, without clear age trends. A diagnosis of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR=2.55, 95% CI 2.14–3.04), preterm birth (aOR=1.84, 1.27–2.66), maternal smoking during pregnancy (aOR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.35) and family history of asthma (aOR=1.44, 95% CI 1.25–1.66) were associated with a higher prevalence of obstructive, but not restrictive, phenotype across ages (5–25 years). A higher current body mass index (BMI was more often observed in those with the obstructive phenotype but less in those with the restrictive phenotype (aOR=1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.06 and aOR=0.81, 95% CI 0.78–0.85, per kg·m−2 increase in BMI, respectively). Current smoking was associated with the obstructive phenotype in participants older than 10 years (aOR=1.24, 95% CI 1.05–1.46). Conclusion Obstructive and restrictive phenotypes were found to be relatively prevalent during childhood, which supports the early origins concept. Several well-known respiratory risk factors were associated with the obstructive phenotype, whereas only low BMI was associated with the restrictive phenotype, suggesting different underlying pathobiology of these two phenotypes.<br />
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	European Respiratory Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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