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Article ; Online: Using ECG signal as an entropy source for efficient generation of long random bit sequences

Md Saiful Islam

Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 34, Iss 8, Pp 5144-

2022 Volume 5155

Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal produced by the human heart has been investigated as a potential entropy source for cryptographic random bit generation for a long time. The throughput of existing methods remains as the bottleneck for its deployment in ... ...

Abstract	Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal produced by the human heart has been investigated as a potential entropy source for cryptographic random bit generation for a long time. The throughput of existing methods remains as the bottleneck for its deployment in practical applications. To overcome this problem, we develop a Bernoulli entropy source by processing a single heartbeat ECG signal to obtain a long random bit sequence (RBS). The proposed method converts the signal into an IID (independent and identically distributed) source of entropy using efficient interpolation and optimization techniques. Several heartbeat signals, obtained from two different databases, were used to test the entropy source generating RBSs with one million bits. The entropy source was evaluated with the latest NIST recommendation for IID source validation and it passed all recommended tests and the average min-entropy obtained from several heartbeat signals of different individuals was close to the perfect entropy value of 1.0. It was also observed that the entropy increases monotonically with the increase of the length of keys. The proposed method can efficiently produce a long RBS for cryptographic applications, such as key generation for one-time pad and image encryption. The method could be further explored to generate a true random number with a personalized signature, which is crucial for information security in the future generation of computing.
Keywords	True Random Number ; Cryptography ; Biometrics ; Entropy source ; ECG signal ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	410
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of socioeconomic development on inflation in South Asia

Md. Saiful Islam

Applied Economic Analysis, Vol 30, Iss 88, Pp 38-

evidence from panel cointegration analysis

2022 Volume 51

Abstract: Purpose – This study aims to examine the influence of socioeconomic development on inflation in South Asia using the foreign exchange rate and money supply as control variables. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses annual panel data for five ... ...

Abstract	Purpose – This study aims to examine the influence of socioeconomic development on inflation in South Asia using the foreign exchange rate and money supply as control variables. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses annual panel data for five South Asian economies, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka over the period 1990–2018, applies cointegrating regression techniques, namely, the panel dynamic ordinary least square (OLS) and fully modified OLS estimators to examine the long-run relations and conducts the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test to detect the direction of causality among variables. Findings – The cointegrating regression estimations have documented that the socioeconomic development proxied by the human development index (HDI) has no significant impact on inflation. Although economic development represented by gross domestic product (GDP) growth causes inflation, socioeconomic development represented by HDI has no impact on inflation and has demonstrated as a better macroeconomic indicator, and thus creates no inflationary pressure in the economy. The foreign exchange rate has a positive impact on inflation. The broad money supply has the usual positive effect on domestic inflation that endorses the monetarist view about prices. The Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test has confirmed several unidirectional causalities: inflation causes HDI, money supply causes both inflation and HDI and the foreign exchange rate causes HDI. Practical implications – The study has practical implications for policymakers in South Asia, to improve HDI, particularly GDP per capita, education and health-care facilities to realize continuous socioeconomic development, which will take care of inflation. Moreover, these counties may follow a conservative monetary policy to control inflationary pressure in their economies. Originality/value – The study is original and claims to be the first to examine the impact of socioeconomic development on inflation. The findings have socioeconomic values ...
Keywords	Inflation ; South Asia ; HDI ; Money supply ; Foreign exchange rate ; Economics as a science ; HB71-74
Subject code	339
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Emerald Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Synthesis of Microwave Functionalized, Nanostructured Polylactic Co-Glycolic Acid ( nf PLGA) for Incorporation into Hydrophobic Dexamethasone to Enhance Dissolution

Mohammad Saiful Islam / Somenath Mitra

Nanomaterials, Vol 13, Iss 943, p

2023 Volume 943

Abstract: The low solubility and slow dissolution of hydrophobic drugs is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, we present the synthesis of surface-functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for incorporation into ...

Abstract	The low solubility and slow dissolution of hydrophobic drugs is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, we present the synthesis of surface-functionalized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for incorporation into corticosteroid dexamethasone to improve its in vitro dissolution profile. The PLGA crystals were mixed with a strong acid mixture, and their microwave-assisted reaction led to a high degree of oxidation. The resulting nanostructured, functionalized PLGA ( nf PLGA), was quite water-dispersible compared to the original PLGA, which was non-dispersible. SEM-EDS analysis showed 53% surface oxygen concentration in the nf PLGA compared to the original PLGA, which had only 25%. The nf PLGA was incorporated into dexamethasone (DXM) crystals via antisolvent precipitation. Based on SEM, RAMAN, XRD, TGA and DSC measurements, the nf PLGA-incorporated composites retained their original crystal structures and polymorphs. The solubility of DXM after nf PLGA incorporation (DXM– nf PLGA) increased from 6.21 mg/L to as high as 87.1 mg/L and formed a relatively stable suspension with a zeta potential of −44.3 mV. Octanol–water partitioning also showed a similar trend as the logP reduced from 1.96 for pure DXM to 0.24 for DXM– nf PLGA. In vitro dissolution testing showed 14.0 times higher aqueous dissolution of DXM– nf PLGA compared to pure DXM. The time for 50% (T 50 ) and 80% (T 80 ) of gastro medium dissolution decreased significantly for the nf PLGA composites; T 50 reduced from 57.0 to 18.0 min and T 80 reduced from unachievable to 35.0 min. Overall, the PLGA, which is an FDA-approved, bioabsorbable polymer, can be used to enhance the dissolution of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals and this can lead to higher efficacy and lower required dosage.
Keywords	hydrophobic drug ; FDA polymer ; microwave functionalization ; dexamethasone ; in vitro dissolution ; absorption bioavailability ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	500
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recent Development of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Solar Heat Absorption Devices and Their Application

Saiful Islam / Hiroshi Furuta

Nanomaterials, Vol 12, Iss 3871, p

2022 Volume 3871

Abstract: Population growth and the current global weather patterns have heightened the need to optimize solar energy harvesting. Solar-powered water filtration, electricity generation, and water heating have gradually multiplied as viable sources of fresh water ... ...

Abstract	Population growth and the current global weather patterns have heightened the need to optimize solar energy harvesting. Solar-powered water filtration, electricity generation, and water heating have gradually multiplied as viable sources of fresh water and power generation, especially for isolated places without access to water and energy. The unique thermal and optical characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enable their use as efficient solar absorbers with enhanced overall photothermal conversion efficiency under varying solar light intensities. Due to their exceptional optical absorption efficiency, low cost, environmental friendliness, and natural carbon availability, CNTs have attracted intense scientific interest in the production of solar thermal systems. In this review study, we evaluated CNT-based water purification, thermoelectric generation, and water heating systems under varying solar levels of illumination, ranging from domestic applications to industrial usage. The use of CNT composites or multilayered structures is also reviewed in relation to solar heat absorber applications. An aerogel containing CNTs was able to ameliorate water filtering performance at low solar intensities. CNTs with a Fresnel lens improved thermoelectric output power at high solar intensity. Solar water heating devices utilizing a nanofluid composed of CNTs proved to be the most effective. In this review, we also aimed to identify the most relevant challenges and promising opportunities in relation to CNT-based solar thermal devices.
Keywords	CNTs ; solar heat absorption ; energy storage ; thermoelectric generator ; steam generator ; water heater ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Comprehensive Review on Bacterial Vaccines Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry

Md. Saiful Islam / Md. Tanvir Rahman

Vaccines, Vol 11, Iss 616, p

2023 Volume 616

Abstract: Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the development of AMR, which is a growing public health concern. Bacterial ... ...

Abstract	Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the development of AMR, which is a growing public health concern. Bacterial vaccines are alternative methods for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry, reducing the need for antibiotics and improving animal welfare. These vaccines come in different forms including live attenuated, killed, and recombinant vaccines, and they work by stimulating the immune system to produce a specific response to the target bacteria. There are many advantages to using bacterial vaccines in poultry, including reduced use of antibiotics, improved animal welfare, and increased profitability. However, there are also limitations such as vaccine efficacy and availability. The use of bacterial vaccines in poultry is regulated by various governmental bodies and there are economic considerations to be taken into account, including costs and return on investment. The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in poultry are promising, with advancements in genetic engineering and vaccine formulation, and they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the poultry industry. In conclusion, bacterial vaccines are essential in combating AMR in poultry and represent a crucial step towards a more sustainable and responsible approach to poultry farming.
Keywords	bacterial vaccines ; antimicrobial resistance ; poultry ; bacterial diseases ; salmonellosis ; avian colibacillosis ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evolutionary trend of bovine β-defensin proteins toward functionality prediction

Saiful Islam / Mst Rubaiat Nazneen Akhand / Mahmudul Hasan

Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp e14158- (2023)

A domain-based bioinformatics study

2023

Abstract: Defensins are small cationic cysteine-rich and amphipathic peptides that form of three-dimensional β-strand structure connected by disulfide bonds. Defensins form key elements of the innate immune system of multicellular organisms. They not only possess ... ...

Abstract	Defensins are small cationic cysteine-rich and amphipathic peptides that form of three-dimensional β-strand structure connected by disulfide bonds. Defensins form key elements of the innate immune system of multicellular organisms. They not only possess broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity but also have diverse roles, including cell signaling, ion channel agitation, toxic functions, and enzyme inhibitor activities in various animals. Although the role of β-defensins in immune responses against infectious agents and reproduction could be significant, inadequate genomic information is available to explain the whole β-defensin repertoire in cattle. No domain or motif-based functional analyses have been previously reported. In addition, how do defensins possess this magnitude of functions in the immune system is still not clear. Our present study, therefore, investigated the sequence divergence and evolutionary relations of bovine defensin proteins with those of humans. Our domain-based evolutionary analysis revealed four major clusters with significant domain variation while reserving a main antimicrobial activity. Our study revealed the β-defensin domain as the ancestor domain, and it is preserved in the first group of defensin protein with no α-helix in its structure. Due to natural selection, some domains have evolved independently within clusters II and III, while some proteins have lost their domain characteristics. Cluster IV contains the most recently evolved domains. Some proteins of all but cluster I might have adopted the functional characteristics of α-defensins which is largely absent in cattle. The proteins show different patterns of disulfide bridges and multiple signature patterns which might render them specialized functions in different tissue to combat against various pathogens.
Keywords	β-defensin ; Bovine ; Human ; Cow ; Disulfide ; Domain ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A novel hybrid feature selection and ensemble-based machine learning approach for botnet detection

Md. Alamgir Hossain / Md. Saiful Islam

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 28

Abstract: Abstract In the age of sophisticated cyber threats, botnet detection remains a crucial yet complex security challenge. Existing detection systems are continually outmaneuvered by the relentless advancement of botnet strategies, necessitating a more ... ...

Abstract	Abstract In the age of sophisticated cyber threats, botnet detection remains a crucial yet complex security challenge. Existing detection systems are continually outmaneuvered by the relentless advancement of botnet strategies, necessitating a more dynamic and proactive approach. Our research introduces a ground-breaking solution to the persistent botnet problem through a strategic amalgamation of Hybrid Feature Selection methods—Categorical Analysis, Mutual Information, and Principal Component Analysis—and a robust ensemble of machine learning techniques. We uniquely combine these feature selection tools to refine the input space, enhancing the detection capabilities of the ensemble learners. Extra Trees, as the ensemble technique of choice, exhibits exemplary performance, culminating in a near-perfect 99.99% accuracy rate in botnet classification across varied datasets. Our model not only surpasses previous benchmarks but also demonstrates exceptional adaptability to new botnet phenomena, ensuring persistent accuracy in a landscape of evolving threats. Detailed comparative analyses manifest our model's superiority, consistently achieving over 99% True Positive Rates and an unprecedented False Positive Rate close to 0.00%, thereby setting a new precedent for reliability in botnet detection. This research signifies a transformative step in cybersecurity, offering unprecedented precision and resilience against botnet infiltrations, and providing an indispensable blueprint for the development of next-generation security frameworks.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Correlated storage assignment approach in warehouses

Md. Saiful Islam / Md. Kutub Uddin

Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, Vol 16, Iss 2, Pp 294-

A systematic literature review

2023 Volume 318

Abstract: Purpose: Correlation-based storage assignment approach has been intensively explored during the last three decades to improve the order picking efficiency. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive assessment of the literature about the ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Correlation-based storage assignment approach has been intensively explored during the last three decades to improve the order picking efficiency. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive assessment of the literature about the state-of-the-art techniques used to solve correlated storage location assignment problems (CSLAP). Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review has been carried out based on content analysis to identify, select, analyze, and critically summarize all the studies available on CSLAP. This study begins with the selection of relevant keywords, and narrowing down the selected papers based on various criteria. Findings: Most correlated storage assignment problems are expressed as NP-hard integer programming models. The studies have revealed that CSLAP is evaluated with many approaches. The solution methods can be mainly categorized into heuristic approach, meta-heuristic approach, and data mining approach. With the advancement of computing power, researchers have taken up the challenge of solving more complex storage assignment problems. Furthermore, applications of the models developed are being tested on actual industry data to comprehend the efficiency of the models. Practical implications: The content of this article can be used as a guide to help practitioners and researchers to become adequately knowledgeable on CSLAP for their future work. Originality/value: Since there has been no recent state-of-the-art evaluation of CSLAP, this paper fills that need by systematizing and unifying recent work and identifying future research scopes.
Keywords	correlated storage location assignment problem (cslap) ; storage policy ; order picking ; warehouse management ; systematic literature review ; Industrial engineering. Management engineering ; T55.4-60.8 ; Social Sciences ; H ; Commerce ; HF1-6182 ; Business ; HF5001-6182
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	OmniaScience
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Recreational benefits of wetlands

Showkat Ahmad Shah / Md. Saiful Islam

International Hospitality Review, Vol 37, Iss 1, Pp 94-

a survey on the Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir of India

2023 Volume 109

Abstract: Purpose – A wetland is a place of tourist attraction, and tourism values play a key role in economic development. Among various services provided by a wetland, recreational services are increasingly valuable in the tourism sector. This paper aims to ... ...

Abstract	Purpose – A wetland is a place of tourist attraction, and tourism values play a key role in economic development. Among various services provided by a wetland, recreational services are increasingly valuable in the tourism sector. This paper aims to unfold the potential recreational values of the Dal Lake in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses individual travel cost methods (TCMs) and assesses its impact on regional development in terms of income and employment generation. A sample of 200 tourists is selected through an on-site survey on Dal Lake, and the demand for recreational visits and its value is estimated by employing the truncated Poisson regression model (TPRM) and un-truncated Poisson regression model (UTPRM). The consumers' surplus is estimated and tourists' benefit to visiting the wetland is explored. Findings – On average, estimated consumers' surplus per visitor is Rs 6,250 (US$96.15) and Rs 25,000 (US$384.61) from respective models. The annual total recreational value of the lake is accounted for Rs 1713m (US$ 26m). This high consumer surplus (CS) and recreational values of the lake indicate large demand for its recreational facilities. Originality/value – The study is based on primary data and thus, is original. The paper has implications for the policymakers to formulate sustainable management plans for the proper use of Dal Lake and tourism development.
Keywords	Recreational benefits ; Economic assessment ; Travel cost method ; Count data models ; Dal lake ; Kashmir ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Emerald Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Ensuring network security with a robust intrusion detection system using ensemble-based machine learning

Md. Alamgir Hossain / Md. Saiful Islam

Array, Vol 19, Iss , Pp 100306- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Intrusion detection is a critical aspect of network security to protect computer systems from unauthorized access and attacks. The capacity of traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) to identify unknown sophisticated threats is constrained by their ...

Abstract	Intrusion detection is a critical aspect of network security to protect computer systems from unauthorized access and attacks. The capacity of traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) to identify unknown sophisticated threats is constrained by their reliance on signature-based detection. Approaches based on machine learning have shown promising results in identifying unknown malicious attacks. No learning algorithm-based model, however, is able to accurately and consistently detect all different kinds of attacks. Besides that, the existing models are tested for a specific dataset. In this research, a novel ensemble-based machine-learning technique for intrusion detection is presented. Numerous public datasets and multiple ensemble strategies, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Adaboost, Gradient XGBoost, Bagging, and Simple Stacking, will be employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The most relevant features for the detection of intrusion are selected using correlation analysis, mutual information, and principal component analysis. Our research using different ensemble methods demonstrates that the proposed approach using the Random Forest technique outperforms existing approaches in terms of accuracy and FPR, typically exceeding 99% with better evaluation metrics like Precision, Recall, F1-score, Balanced Accuracy, Cohen's Kappa, etc. This strategy may be a useful tool for strengthening the safety of computer systems and networks against emerging cyber threats.
Keywords	Intrusion detection system ; Feature extraction for IDS ; Ensemble-based approach ; Machine learning for IDS ; Computer network security ; Cyber attacks detection ; Computer engineering. Computer hardware ; TK7885-7895 ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	006
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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