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Article ; Online: Combining Bioorthogonal Chemistry with Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for the Ultrasensitive Detection of the HIV-1 p24 Antigen.

Jia, Tianwei / Saikam, Varma / Luo, Ying / Sheng, Xiaolin / Fang, Jieqiong / Kumar, Mukesh / Iyer, Suri S

ACS omega

2024 Volume 9, Issue 12, Page(s) 14604–14612

Abstract: Early detection and viral concentration monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus in resource-poor settings are important to control disease spread and reduce mortality. Nucleic acid amplification tests are expensive for low-resource settings. Lateral ... ...

Abstract	Early detection and viral concentration monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus in resource-poor settings are important to control disease spread and reduce mortality. Nucleic acid amplification tests are expensive for low-resource settings. Lateral flow antibody tests are not sensitive if testing is performed within 7-10 days, and these tests are not quantitative. We describe a signal enhancement technique based on fluorescent silica nanoparticles and bioorthogonal chemistries for the femtomolar detection of the HIV-1 p24 antigen. We developed a magnetic bead-based assay, wherein we used fluorescent-dye-encapsulated silica nanoparticles as reporters. The number of reporters was increased by using bioorthogonal chemistry to provide signal enhancement. The limit and range of detection of the sandwich immunoassay using alternating multiple layers for p24 in human serum were found to be 46 fg/mL (1.84 fM) and 46 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL, respectively. This simple assay was 217-fold higher in sensitivity compared to that of commercial enzyme-linked immunoassays (limit of detection of 10 pg/mL).
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2470-1343
ISSN (online)	2470-1343
DOI	10.1021/acsomega.3c06136
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Article ; Online: Inflammatory bowel disease biomarkers.

Liu, Dandan / Saikam, Varma / Skrada, Katie A / Merlin, Didier / Iyer, Suri S

Medicinal research reviews

2022 Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) 1856–1887

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD ... ...

Abstract	Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized as chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes two main subtypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy combined with biopsy is the most effective way to establish IBD diagnosis and disease management. Imaging techniques have also been developed to monitor IBD. Although effective, the methods are expensive and invasive, which leads to pain and discomfort. Alternative noninvasive biomarkers are being explored as tools for IBD prognosis and disease management. This review focuses on novel biomarkers that have emerged in recent years. These serological biomarkers and microRNAs could potentially be used for disease management in IBD, thereby decreasing patient discomfort and morbidity.
MeSH term(s)	Biomarkers ; Colitis, Ulcerative/diagnosis ; Crohn Disease ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	603210-2
ISSN	1098-1128 ; 0198-6325
ISSN (online)	1098-1128
ISSN	0198-6325
DOI	10.1002/med.21893
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Article: Rapid, user-friendly, and inexpensive detection of azidothymidine

Luo, Ying / Jia, Tianwei / Fang, Jieqiong / Liu, Dandan / Saikam, Varma / Sheng, Xiaolin / Iyer, Suri S

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2021 Mar., v. 413, no. 7

2021

Abstract: Strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is very important to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive patients to reduce new infections and determine treatment success. Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiretroviral drug commonly ... ...

Abstract	Strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is very important to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive patients to reduce new infections and determine treatment success. Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiretroviral drug commonly used in HAART treatment. In this research, an “add, mix, and measure” assay was developed to detect AZT within minutes. Three different probes designed to release fluorophores when samples containing AZT are added were synthesized and characterized. The limit of detection to AZT in simulated urine samples was determined to be 4 μM in 5 min for one of the probes. This simple and rapid point-of-care test could potentially be used by clinicians and health care workers to monitor the presence of AZT in low resource settings.
Keywords	analytical chemistry ; antiretroviral agents ; detection limit ; fluorescent dyes ; point-of-care systems ; quality of life ; therapeutics ; urine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-03
Size	p. 1999-2006.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ISSN	1618-2642
DOI	10.1007/s00216-021-03168-z
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Article ; Online: Rapid, user-friendly, and inexpensive detection of azidothymidine.

Luo, Ying / Jia, Tianwei / Fang, Jieqiong / Liu, Dandan / Saikam, Varma / Sheng, Xiaolin / Iyer, Suri S

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

2021 Volume 413, Issue 7, Page(s) 1999–2006

Abstract	Strict adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is very important to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive patients to reduce new infections and determine treatment success. Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiretroviral drug commonly used in HAART treatment. In this research, an "add, mix, and measure" assay was developed to detect AZT within minutes. Three different probes designed to release fluorophores when samples containing AZT are added were synthesized and characterized. The limit of detection to AZT in simulated urine samples was determined to be 4 μM in 5 min for one of the probes. This simple and rapid point-of-care test could potentially be used by clinicians and health care workers to monitor the presence of AZT in low resource settings.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/analysis ; Antibodies/chemistry ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods ; Azides/chemistry ; Calibration ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacology ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/economics ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Point-of-Care Testing/economics ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Urine ; Zidovudine/analysis
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents ; Antibodies ; Azides ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Zidovudine (4B9XT59T7S)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	201093-8
ISSN	1618-2650 ; 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
ISSN (online)	1618-2650
ISSN	0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
DOI	10.1007/s00216-021-03168-z
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Article: Protecting-group-free

Zhang, Gao-Lan / Gadi, Madhusudhan Reddy / Cui, Xikai / Liu, Ding / Zhang, Jiabin / Saikam, Varma / Gibbons, Christopher / Wang, Peng G / Li, Lei

Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC

2021 Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) 2907–2912

Abstract: A facile and ... ...

Abstract	A facile and green
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2006274-6
ISSN	1463-9270 ; 1463-9262
ISSN (online)	1463-9270
ISSN	1463-9262
DOI	10.1039/D1GC00098E
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Article ; Online: Challenges in liver cancer and possible treatment approaches.

Anwanwan, David / Singh, Santosh Kumar / Singh, Shriti / Saikam, Varma / Singh, Rajesh

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer

2019 Volume 1873, Issue 1, Page(s) 188314

Abstract: Globally, liver cancer is the most frequent fatal malignancy; in the United States, it ranks fifth. Patients are often diagnosed with liver cancer in advanced stages, contributing to its poor prognosis. Of all liver cancer cases, >90% are hepatocellular ... ...

Abstract	Globally, liver cancer is the most frequent fatal malignancy; in the United States, it ranks fifth. Patients are often diagnosed with liver cancer in advanced stages, contributing to its poor prognosis. Of all liver cancer cases, >90% are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) for which chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the best options for therapy. For liver cancer patients, new treatment options are necessary. Use of natural compounds and/or nanotechnology may provide patients with better outcomes with lower systemic toxicity and fewer side effects. Improved treatments can lead to better prognoses. Finally, in this review, we present some of the problems and current treatment options contributing to the poor outcomes for patients with liver cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/therapy ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care/methods ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Prognosis
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	2918802-7
ISSN	1879-2561 ; 0304-419X
ISSN (online)	1879-2561
ISSN	0304-419X
DOI	10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188314
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Article: Protecting-group-free S-glycosylation towards thioglycosides and thioglycopeptides in water [Erratum: April 2021, Vol.23(7), p.2792]

Zhang, Gao-Lan / Gadi, Madhusudhan Reddy / Cui, Xikai / Liu, Ding / Zhang, Jiabin / Saikam, Varma / Gibbons, Christopher / Wang, Peng G. / Li, Lei

Green chemistry. 2021 Apr. 26, v. 23, no. 8

2021

Abstract: A facile and green S-glycosylation method has been developed featuring protecting-group-free and proceeding-in-water like enzymatic synthesis. Glycosylation of fluoride donors with thiol sugar acceptors using Ca(OH)₂ as a promoter afforded various ... ...

Abstract	A facile and green S-glycosylation method has been developed featuring protecting-group-free and proceeding-in-water like enzymatic synthesis. Glycosylation of fluoride donors with thiol sugar acceptors using Ca(OH)₂ as a promoter afforded various thioglycosides in good yields with exclusive stereoselectivity. This method also enabled the successful production of S-linked oligosaccharides and S-linked glycopeptides.
Keywords	fluorides ; glycopeptides ; glycosylation ; green chemistry ; oligosaccharides ; stereoselectivity ; thiols
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0426
Size	p. 2907-2912.
Publishing place	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2006274-6
ISSN	1463-9270 ; 1463-9262
ISSN (online)	1463-9270
ISSN	1463-9262
DOI	10.1039/d1gc00098e
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Article ; Online: Chemoenzymatic modular assembly of O-GalNAc glycans for functional glycomics.

Wang, Shuaishuai / Chen, Congcong / Gadi, Madhusudhan Reddy / Saikam, Varma / Liu, Ding / Zhu, He / Bollag, Roni / Liu, Kebin / Chen, Xi / Wang, Fengshan / Wang, Peng George / Ling, Peixue / Guan, Wanyi / Li, Lei

Nature communications

2021 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 3573

Abstract: O-GalNAc glycans (or mucin O-glycans) play pivotal roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including tumor growth and progression. Structurally defined O-GalNAc glycans are essential for functional studies but synthetic challenges and ... ...

Abstract	O-GalNAc glycans (or mucin O-glycans) play pivotal roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including tumor growth and progression. Structurally defined O-GalNAc glycans are essential for functional studies but synthetic challenges and their inherent structural diversity and complexity have limited access to these compounds. Herein, we report an efficient and robust chemoenzymatic modular assembly (CEMA) strategy to construct structurally diverse O-GalNAc glycans. The key to this strategy is the convergent assembly of O-GalNAc cores 1-4 and 6 from three chemical building blocks, followed by enzymatic diversification of the cores by 13 well-tailored enzyme modules. A total of 83 O-GalNAc glycans presenting various natural glycan epitopes are obtained and used to generate a unique synthetic mucin O-glycan microarray. Binding specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) including plant lectins and selected anti-glycan antibodies towards these O-GalNAc glycans are revealed by this microarray, promoting their applicability in functional O-glycomics. Serum samples from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls are assayed using the array reveal higher bindings towards less common cores 3, 4, and 6 than abundant cores 1 and 2, providing insights into O-GalNAc glycan structure-activity relationships.
MeSH term(s)	Carbohydrates ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Epitopes ; Glycomics ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; Mucins/chemistry ; Mucins/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Carbohydrates ; Carrier Proteins ; Epitopes ; Mucins ; Polysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-021-23428-x
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Article ; Online: Synthesis and Characterization of Versatile O-Glycan Precursors for Cellular O-Glycomics.

Zhang, Qing / Li, Zhonghua / Chernova, Tatiana / Saikam, Varma / Cummings, Richard / Song, Xuezheng / Ju, Tongzhong / Smith, David F / Wang, Peng G

ACS synthetic biology

2019 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) 2507–2513

Abstract: Protein O-glycosylation is a universal post-translational modification and plays essential roles in many biological processes. Recently we reported a technology termed cellular O-glycome reporter/amplification (CORA) to amplify and profile mucin-type O- ... ...

Abstract	Protein O-glycosylation is a universal post-translational modification and plays essential roles in many biological processes. Recently we reported a technology termed cellular O-glycome reporter/amplification (CORA) to amplify and profile mucin-type O-glycans of living cells growing in the presence of peracetylated Benzyl-α-GalNAc (Ac
MeSH term(s)	A549 Cells ; Acetylgalactosamine/analogs & derivatives ; Acetylgalactosamine/chemical synthesis ; Acetylgalactosamine/radiation effects ; Benzyl Compounds/chemical synthesis ; Benzyl Compounds/radiation effects ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; Galactosyltransferases/metabolism ; Glycomics/methods ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Microwaves ; Polysaccharides/chemical synthesis ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Substrate Specificity
Chemical Substances	Benzyl Compounds ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Polysaccharides ; benzyl-alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine (3554-93-6) ; C1GALT1 protein, human (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Galactosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.-) ; Acetylgalactosamine (KM15WK8O5T) ; Galactose (X2RN3Q8DNE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2161-5063
ISSN (online)	2161-5063
DOI	10.1021/acssynbio.9b00168
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Article: Dimethyltin Dichloride Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylation of cis-1,2-Diols at Room Temperature

Saikam, Varma / Dara Saidulu / Singh Parvinder Pal / Vishwakarma Ram A / Yadav Mahipal

Journal of organic chemistry. 2015 Dec. 18, v. 80, no. 24

2015

Abstract: Here, we have developed a mild and general method for the regioselective installation of benzyl, allyl, para-methoxybenzyl and naphthyl groups on cis-1,2-diols. The optimized method operates at room temperature using dimethyltin dichloride as catalyst ... ...

Abstract	Here, we have developed a mild and general method for the regioselective installation of benzyl, allyl, para-methoxybenzyl and naphthyl groups on cis-1,2-diols. The optimized method operates at room temperature using dimethyltin dichloride as catalyst and silver oxide as an additive. The present method works well with both sugars (such as mono- and disaccharides) and nonsugars (such as inositols, propan-1,2-diol, 1,2-cycloalkanediols and anhydroerythritol) and also provides comparatively better functional group compatibility.
Keywords	alkylation ; ambient temperature ; catalysts ; disaccharides ; inositols ; moieties ; organic chemistry ; regioselectivity ; silver oxide
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-1218
Size	p. 11916-11925.
Publishing place	American Chemical Society
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	123490-0
ISSN	1520-6904 ; 0022-3263
ISSN (online)	1520-6904
ISSN	0022-3263
DOI	10.1021%2Facs.joc.5b01898
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