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Article ; Online: Interactive effects of increased nestbox temperature and vitamin E on nestling growth are attenuated by plasticity in female incubation effort

Duncan, Paige A. / Tauber, Ashley M. / Sakaluk, Scott K. / Thompson, C. F.

Ethology. 2024 Feb., v. 130, no. 2 p.e13421-

2024

Abstract: In recent years, temperatures have increased globally, and nestlings of many bird species are likely regularly exposed to increased temperatures both pre‐ and post‐natally. Even small increases in nest temperature during incubation affect offspring ... ...

Abstract	In recent years, temperatures have increased globally, and nestlings of many bird species are likely regularly exposed to increased temperatures both pre‐ and post‐natally. Even small increases in nest temperature during incubation affect offspring growth and survival in a variety of species, one cause of which is thought to be increased production of pro‐oxidants in embryos and nestlings. Defences marshalled in response to this oxidative stress could, in turn, result in trade‐offs that lead to reduced survival or growth. If so, any downstream negative effects on nestlings of increased ambient temperatures during incubation could be counteracted by increasing their antioxidant intake. We predicted, therefore, that dietary supplements of an antioxidant would reduce or eliminate any detrimental effects on nestling growth and survival of experimentally increased nest temperature during the incubation period. We employed a split‐brood design in which we increased the nest temperature of entire clutches and, after hatching, provided dietary supplements of the antioxidant vitamin E to half of the nestlings within broods. We also recorded female incubation and provisioning behaviour to control for the possibility that heating nests might also influence maternal behaviour. There was a significant interaction between nestbox heating treatment and vitamin E treatment in their effect on nestling mass, a trait that is positively correlated with survival and future reproductive success in the study population. Vitamin E supplementation promoted increased nestling mass in heated nests, whereas it had the opposite effect in control nests but these effects were weak. Heating significantly affected female incubation behaviour, with females in heated nestboxes investing less in incubation than those in unheated boxes. These results suggest that within at least some range of expected increased ambient temperatures during the 21st century, effects of climate change on nestling bird development can be mitigated by adjustments in female incubation behaviour.
Keywords	antioxidants ; birds ; climate change ; females ; maternal behavior ; nests ; oxidative stress ; progeny ; reproductive success ; temperature ; vitamin E
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-02
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	633469-6
ISSN	0179-1613
ISSN	0179-1613
DOI	10.1111/eth.13421
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Article: INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF INCREASED NESTBOX TEMPERATURE AND VITAMIN E ON NESTLING GROWTH ARE ATTENUATED BY PLASTICITY IN FEMALE INCUBATION EFFORT.

Duncan, Paige A / Tauber, Ashley M / Sakaluk, Scott K / Thompson, Charles F

Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie

2023 Volume 130, Issue 2

Abstract: In recent years, temperatures have increased globally, and nestlings of many bird species are likely regularly exposed to increased temperatures both pre- and postnatally. Even small increases in nest temperature during incubation affect offspring growth ...

Abstract	In recent years, temperatures have increased globally, and nestlings of many bird species are likely regularly exposed to increased temperatures both pre- and postnatally. Even small increases in nest temperature during incubation affect offspring growth and survival in a variety of species, one cause of which is thought to be increased production of prooxidants in embryos and nestlings. Defences marshalled in response to this oxidative stress could, in turn, result in trade-offs that lead to reduced survival or growth. If so, any downstream negative effects on nestlings of increased ambient temperatures during incubation could be counteracted by increasing their antioxidant intake. We predicted, therefore, that dietary supplements of an antioxidant would reduce or eliminate any detrimental effects on nestling growth and survival of experimentally increased nest temperature during the incubation period. We employed a split-brood design in which we increased nest temperature of entire clutches and, after hatching, provided dietary supplements of the antioxidant vitamin E to half of the nestlings within broods. We also recorded female incubation and provisioning behaviour to control for the possibility that heating nests might also influence maternal behaviour. There was a significant interaction between nestbox heating treatment and vitamin E treatment in their effect on nestling mass, a trait that is positively correlated with survival and future reproductive success in the study population. Vitamin E supplementation promoted increased nestling mass in heated nests, whereas it had the opposite effect in control nests, but these effects were weak. Heating significantly affected female incubation behaviour, with females in heated nestboxes investing less in incubation than those in unheated boxes. These results suggest that within at least some range of expected increased ambient temperatures during the 21
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	633469-6
ISSN	0179-1613
ISSN	0179-1613
DOI	10.1111/eth.13421
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Article ; Online: The evolution of life span and aging in response to dietary macronutrients in male and female decorated crickets.

Rios-Villamil, Alejandro / Letendre, Corinne / Williams, Alexandria / Rapkin, James / Sakaluk, Scott K / House, Clarissa M / Hunt, John

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

2024 Volume 78, Issue 5, Page(s) 971–986

Abstract: Dietary macronutrients regulate life span and aging, yet little is known about their evolutionary effects. Here, we examine the evolutionary response of these traits in decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) maintained on diets varying in caloric ... ...

Abstract	Dietary macronutrients regulate life span and aging, yet little is known about their evolutionary effects. Here, we examine the evolutionary response of these traits in decorated crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) maintained on diets varying in caloric content and protein-to-carbohydrate ratio. After 37 generations, each population was split: half remained on the evolution diet, and half switched to a standardized diet. Crickets lived longer and aged slower when evolving on high-calorie (both sexes) and carbohydrate-biased (females only) diets and had lower baseline mortality on high-calorie (females only) diets. However, on the standardized diet, crickets lived longer when evolving on high-calorie diets (both sexes), aged slower on high-calorie (females only) and carbohydrate-biased (both sexes) diets, and had lower baseline mortality on high-calorie (males only) and protein-biased (both sexes) diets. Life span was longer, and baseline mortality was lower when provided with the evolution vs. the standardized diet, but the aging rate was comparable. Moreover, life span was longer, aging slower (females only), and baseline mortality was lower (males only) compared to our evolved baseline, suggesting varying degrees of dietary adaptation. Collectively, we show dietary components influence the evolution of life span and aging in different ways and highlight the value of combining experimental evolution with nutritional geometry.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Gryllidae/physiology ; Gryllidae/genetics ; Longevity ; Female ; Male ; Biological Evolution ; Diet ; Aging ; Nutrients/metabolism ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Proteins ; Energy Intake
Chemical Substances	Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2036375-8
ISSN	1558-5646 ; 0014-3820
ISSN (online)	1558-5646
ISSN	0014-3820
DOI	10.1093/evolut/qpae024
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Article ; Online: Male song structure predicts offspring recruitment to the breeding population in a migratory bird.

DiSciullo, Rachael A / Forsman, Anna M / Fitak, Robert R / Hunt, John / Nietlisbach, Pirmin / Thompson, Charles F / Sakaluk, Scott K

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

2024

Abstract: Bird song is a classic example of a sexually selected trait, but much of the work relating individual song components to fitness has not accounted for song typically being composed of multiple, often-correlated components, necessitating a multivariate ... ...

Abstract	Bird song is a classic example of a sexually selected trait, but much of the work relating individual song components to fitness has not accounted for song typically being composed of multiple, often-correlated components, necessitating a multivariate approach. We explored the role of sexual selection in shaping complex male song of house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) by simultaneously relating its multiple components to fitness using multivariate selection analysis, which is widely used in insect and anuran studies but not in birds. The analysis revealed significant variation in the form and strength of selection acting on song across different selection episodes, from nest-site defense to recruitment of offspring to the breeding population. Males that sang more song typically employed in close communication sired more offspring that subsequently recruited to the breeding population than those that sang more far-communication song. However, this relationship was not consistent across earlier selection episodes, as evidenced by non-linear selection acting on these song components in other contexts. Collectively, our results present a complex picture of multivariate selection on male song structure that would not be evident using univariate approaches and suggest possible trade-offs within and among song components at different points of the breeding season.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2036375-8
ISSN	1558-5646 ; 0014-3820
ISSN (online)	1558-5646
ISSN	0014-3820
DOI	10.1093/evolut/qpae036
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Article ; Online: Transcriptomic responses of females to consumption of nuptial food gifts as a potential mediator of sexual conflict in decorated crickets

Foquet, Bert / Rapkin, James / Sharma, Manmohan D. / Sadd, Ben M. / Sakaluk, Scott K. / Hunt, John

Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2023 Jan., v. 36, no. 1 p.183-194

2023

Abstract: Nuptial food gift provisioning by males to females at mating is a strategy in many insects that is thought to be shaped by sexual conflict or sexual selection, as it affords males access to a female's physiology. While males often attempt to use these ... ...

Abstract	Nuptial food gift provisioning by males to females at mating is a strategy in many insects that is thought to be shaped by sexual conflict or sexual selection, as it affords males access to a female's physiology. While males often attempt to use these gifts to influence female behaviour to their own advantage, females can evolve counter mechanisms. In decorated crickets, the male's nuptial gift comprises part of the spermatophore, the spermatophylax, the feeding on which deters the female from prematurely terminating sperm transfer. However, ingested compounds in the spermatophylax and attachment of the sperm‐containing ampulla could further influence female physiology and behaviour. We investigated how mating per se and these two distinct routes of potential male‐mediated manipulation influence the female transcriptomic response. We conducted an RNA sequencing experiment on gut and head tissues from females for whom nuptial food gift consumption and receipt of an ejaculation were independently manipulated. In the gut tissue, we found that females not permitted to feed during mating exhibited decreased overall gene expression, possibly caused by a reduced gut function, but this was countered by feeding on the spermatophylax or a sham gift. In the head tissue, we found only low numbers of differentially expressed genes, but a gene co‐expression network analysis revealed that ampulla attachment and spermatophylax consumption independently induce distinct gene expression patterns. This study provides evidence that spermatophylax feeding alters the female post‐mating transcriptomic response in decorated crickets, highlighting its potential to mediate sexual conflict in this system.
Keywords	RNA ; digestive system ; ejaculation ; females ; gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; genes ; head ; males ; sexual selection ; spermatophores ; spermatozoa ; transcriptomics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 183-194.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1465318-7
ISSN	1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
ISSN (online)	1420-9101
ISSN	1010-061X
DOI	10.1111/jeb.14114
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Article ; Online: Transcriptomic responses of females to consumption of nuptial food gifts as a potential mediator of sexual conflict in decorated crickets.

Foquet, Bert / Rapkin, James / Sharma, Manmohan D / Sadd, Ben M / Sakaluk, Scott K / Hunt, John

Journal of evolutionary biology

2022 Volume 36, Issue 1, Page(s) 183–194

Abstract	Nuptial food gift provisioning by males to females at mating is a strategy in many insects that is thought to be shaped by sexual conflict or sexual selection, as it affords males access to a female's physiology. While males often attempt to use these gifts to influence female behaviour to their own advantage, females can evolve counter mechanisms. In decorated crickets, the male's nuptial gift comprises part of the spermatophore, the spermatophylax, the feeding on which deters the female from prematurely terminating sperm transfer. However, ingested compounds in the spermatophylax and attachment of the sperm-containing ampulla could further influence female physiology and behaviour. We investigated how mating per se and these two distinct routes of potential male-mediated manipulation influence the female transcriptomic response. We conducted an RNA sequencing experiment on gut and head tissues from females for whom nuptial food gift consumption and receipt of an ejaculation were independently manipulated. In the gut tissue, we found that females not permitted to feed during mating exhibited decreased overall gene expression, possibly caused by a reduced gut function, but this was countered by feeding on the spermatophylax or a sham gift. In the head tissue, we found only low numbers of differentially expressed genes, but a gene co-expression network analysis revealed that ampulla attachment and spermatophylax consumption independently induce distinct gene expression patterns. This study provides evidence that spermatophylax feeding alters the female post-mating transcriptomic response in decorated crickets, highlighting its potential to mediate sexual conflict in this system.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Female ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Gryllidae/genetics ; Gift Giving ; Transcriptome ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Semen ; Reproduction/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1465318-7
ISSN	1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
ISSN (online)	1420-9101
ISSN	1010-061X
DOI	10.1111/jeb.14114
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Article ; Online: Genetic covariance in immune measures and pathogen resistance in decorated crickets is sex and pathogen specific.

Letendre, Corinne / Duffield, Kristin R / Sadd, Ben M / Sakaluk, Scott K / House, Clarissa M / Hunt, John

The Journal of animal ecology

2022 Volume 91, Issue 7, Page(s) 1471–1488

Abstract: Insects are important models for studying immunity in an ecological and evolutionary context. Yet, most empirical work on the insect immune system has come from phenotypic studies meaning we have a limited understanding of the genetic architecture of ... ...

Abstract	Insects are important models for studying immunity in an ecological and evolutionary context. Yet, most empirical work on the insect immune system has come from phenotypic studies meaning we have a limited understanding of the genetic architecture of immune function in the sexes. We use nine highly inbred lines to thoroughly examine the genetic relationships between a suite of commonly used immune assays (haemocyte count, implant encapsulation, total phenoloxidase activity, antibacterial zone of inhibition and pathogen clearance) and resistance to infection by three generalist insect pathogens (the gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens, the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus cereus and the fungus Metarhizium robertsii) in male and female Gryllodes sigillatus. There were consistent positive genetic correlations between haemocyte count, antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity and resistance to S. marcescens in both sexes, but these relationships were less consistent for resistance to B. cereus and M. robertsii. In addition, the clearance of S. marcescens was genetically correlated with the resistance to all three pathogens in both sexes. Genetic correlations between resistances to the different pathogen species were inconsistent, indicating that resistance to one pathogen does not necessarily mean resistance to another. Finally, while there is ample genetic (co)variance in immune assays and pathogen resistance, these genetic estimates differed across the sexes and many of these measures were not genetically correlated across the sexes, suggesting that these measures could evolve independently in the sexes. Our finding that the genetic architecture of immune function is sex and pathogen specific suggests that the evolution of immune function in male and female G. sigillatus is likely to be complex. Similar quantitative genetic studies that measure a large number of assays and resistance to multiple pathogens in both sexes are needed to ascertain if this complexity extends to other species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Gryllidae/physiology ; Male ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/genetics
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Monophenol Monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3024-7
ISSN	1365-2656 ; 0021-8790
ISSN (online)	1365-2656
ISSN	0021-8790
DOI	10.1111/1365-2656.13709
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Article ; Online: Experimental evolution under varying sex ratio and behavioral plasticity in response to perceived competitive environment independently affect calling effort in male crickets.

McKermitt, Jack T / Foquet, Bert / Kuna, Will / Hunt, John / Sadd, Ben M / Sakaluk, Scott K

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

2023 Volume 78, Issue 3, Page(s) 453–462

Abstract: The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current ... ...

Abstract	The operational sex ratio (OSR) is a key component influencing the magnitude of sexual selection driving the evolution of male sexual traits, but males often also retain the ability to plastically modulate trait expression depending on the current environment. Here we employed an experimental evolution approach to determine whether the OSR affects the evolution of male calling effort in decorated crickets, a costly sexual trait, and whether plasticity in calling effort is altered by the OSR under which males have evolved. Calling effort of males from 2 selection regimes maintained at different OSRs over 18-20 generations (male vs. female biased) was recorded at 2 different levels of perceived competition, in the absence of rivals or in the presence of an experimentally muted competitor. The effect of the OSR on the evolution of male calling effort was modest, and in the opposite direction predicted by theory. Instead, the immediate competitive environment strongly influenced male calling effort as males called more in the presence of a rival, revealing considerable plasticity in this trait. This increased calling effort came at a cost, however, as males confined with a muted rival experienced significantly higher mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Male ; Female ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Sex Ratio ; Competitive Behavior ; Phenotype
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2036375-8
ISSN	1558-5646 ; 0014-3820
ISSN (online)	1558-5646
ISSN	0014-3820
DOI	10.1093/evolut/qpad224
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Article ; Online: Decision rules for egg-color-based rejection by two cavity-nesting hosts of the brown-headed cowbird.

Di Giovanni, Alexander J / Villa, Juliana / Stanback, Mark T / Thompson, Charles F / Sakaluk, Scott K / Hauber, Mark E / Hanley, Daniel

The Journal of experimental biology

2023 Volume 226, Issue 14

Abstract: Hosts of obligate avian brood parasites often evolve defense mechanisms to avoid rearing unrelated young. One common defense is egg rejection, for which hosts often rely on eggshell color. Most research has assumed that hosts respond to perceived color ... ...

Abstract	Hosts of obligate avian brood parasites often evolve defense mechanisms to avoid rearing unrelated young. One common defense is egg rejection, for which hosts often rely on eggshell color. Most research has assumed that hosts respond to perceived color differences between their own eggs and parasite eggs regardless of the particular color; however, recent experiments have found that many hosts respond more strongly to brown foreign eggs than to equally dissimilar blue eggs. Yet, none of these prior studies tested a brown-egg-laying species and, with only one exception, all were conducted in open nests where light levels are considered sufficient for effective color-based egg discrimination. Here, we explored how two cavity-nesting hosts of the parasitic brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) - the blue-egg-laying eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and the brown-egg-laying house wren (Troglodytes aedon) - respond to experimental eggs painted six distinct colors ranging from blue to brown. Rejection responses of both hosts were best predicted by perceived differences in color between the model egg and their own eggs. Specifically, we found that house wrens preferentially rejected eggs bluer than their own eggs. However, although we found that bluebirds relied on perceived differences in color for their egg rejection decisions, further tests are needed to determine whether they preferentially rejected brown eggs or simply responded to absolute perceived differences in color. These findings demonstrate that these cavity-nesting birds treat perceived color differences in distinct ways, which has important implications on the coevolutionary arms races and the interpretation of avian-perceived color differences.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Nesting Behavior/physiology ; Passeriformes/physiology ; Songbirds/physiology ; Parasites ; Eggs ; Ovum ; Host-Parasite Interactions
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218085-6
ISSN	1477-9145 ; 0022-0949
ISSN (online)	1477-9145
ISSN	0022-0949
DOI	10.1242/jeb.245188
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Article: Intralocus sexual conflict over optimal nutrient intake and the evolution of sex differences in life span and reproduction

Hawkes, Michael / Lane, Sarah M. / Rapkin, James / Jensen, Kim / House, Clarissa M. / Sakaluk, Scott K. / Hunt, John

Functional ecology. 2022 Apr., v. 36, no. 4

2022

Abstract: Despite widespread variation in life span across species, three clear patterns exist: sex differences in life span are ubiquitous, life span is commonly traded against reproduction, and nutrition has a major influence on these traits and how they trade‐ ... ...

Abstract	Despite widespread variation in life span across species, three clear patterns exist: sex differences in life span are ubiquitous, life span is commonly traded against reproduction, and nutrition has a major influence on these traits and how they trade‐off. One process that potentially unites these patterns is intralocus sexual conflict over the optimal intake of nutrients for life span and reproduction. If nutrient intake has sex‐specific effects on life span and reproduction but nutrient choice is genetically linked across the sexes, intralocus sexual conflict will occur and may prevent one or both sexes from feeding to their nutritional optima. Here we determine the potential for this process to operate in the decorated cricket Gryllodes sigillatus. Using the Geometric Framework for Nutrition, we restrict male and female crickets to diets varying in the ratio of protein to carbohydrates and total nutrient content to quantify the effects on life span and daily reproductive effort in the sexes. We then use inbred lines to estimate the quantitative genetic basis of nutrient choice in males and females. We combine the nutrient effects and genetic estimates to predict the magnitude of evolutionary constraint for these traits in each sex. Finally, we present male and female crickets with a much broader range of diet pairs to determine how the sexes actively regulate their intake of nutrients. We show that protein and carbohydrate intake have contrasting effects on life span and reproduction in the sexes and that there are strong positive intersexual genetic correlations for the intake of these nutrients under dietary choice. This is predicted to accelerate the evolutionary response of nutrient intake in males but constrain it in females, suggesting they are losing the conflict. Supporting this view, males and females regulate nutrient intake to a common nutrient ratio that was not perfectly optimal for life span or reproduction in either sex, especially in females. Our findings show that intralocus sexual conflict over the optimal intake of nutrients is likely to be an important process generating sex differences in life span and reproduction and may help explain why females age faster and live shorter than males in G. sigillatus. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Keywords	Gryllodes sigillatus ; carbohydrate intake ; diet ; ecology ; evolution ; females ; food choices ; geometry ; longevity ; males ; nutrient content ; optimal nutrition ; reproduction
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-04
Size	p. 865-881.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2020307-X
ISSN	1365-2435 ; 0269-8463
ISSN (online)	1365-2435
ISSN	0269-8463
DOI	10.1111/1365-2435.13995
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