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Article: Development of positive/negative pressure booth generating airflow for protection of medical staff from contagious respiratory pathogens.

Nishimura, Hidekazu / Sakata, Soichiro

2020 Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) 4633–4642

Abstract: Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused confusion in medical settings because of increased patient load, and caused many infections among medical staff which occurred through exposure to bio-particles discharged from patients. The risk of exposure ... ...

Abstract	Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused confusion in medical settings because of increased patient load, and caused many infections among medical staff which occurred through exposure to bio-particles discharged from patients. The risk of exposure became maximum at the examination of patients, particularly in the collection of respiratory specimens. Effective interventions to reduce the risk are needed. Methods: A one-person booth consisting of curtain walls, frames, and fan-HEPA filter-unit (FFU) was designed. Using the airstream from/to FFU, it has dual functions as a positive/negative pressure machine to prevent pathogens in patient's cough to reach the medical staff inside/outside the booth, respectively. The curtain walls and positioning of the patient and staff were aerodynamically optimized for the best control of the airstream. Results: The positive pressure booth is to isolate a staff inside to safely deal with a surge in the number of patients in situations like influenza pandemics. The negative pressure booth is to isolate a patient inside to protect a staff outside from dangerous contagious respiratory infectious diseases including COVID-19. A calculated airflow of the positive pressure machine efficiently pushed back bio-particles discharged from a person outside the booth. The bio-particles of a cough from a person inside the negative pressure booth was sucked into the FFU for filtration immediately after the discharge. The booth needed a short front curtain of a stair-cut shape, and a patient and a staff facing each other needed to be positioned at an angle 45° to the airstream for optimization of the airflow. Conclusions: The booth named Barriflow
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-30
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573571-8
ISSN	2077-6624 ; 2072-1439
ISSN (online)	2077-6624
ISSN	2072-1439
DOI	10.21037/jtd-20-1607
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Development of a lightweight, 'on-bed', portable isolation hood to limit the spread of aerosolized influenza and other pathogens.

Nishimura, Hidekazu / Sakata, Soichiro

Journal of thoracic disease

2020 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 3682–3687

Abstract: Background: The annual seasonal influenza epidemics in the winter season lead to many hospital admissions, increasing risks of nosocomial infections. Infectious diseases caused by contagious respiratory pathogens also pose a great risk to hospitals as ... ...

Abstract	Background: The annual seasonal influenza epidemics in the winter season lead to many hospital admissions, increasing risks of nosocomial infections. Infectious diseases caused by contagious respiratory pathogens also pose a great risk to hospitals as has been seen in the current epidemic by a novel coronavirus infection. Such risk occurs in high density patient settings with few or no partitions, since the pathogens are transmitted by aerosols discharged from the patients. Possible interventions against the transmission are needed. Methods: We developed a compact, lightweight, and portable hood designed to cover just the top half of a patient sitting or lying in bed, to limit the dissemination of infectious aerosols, constructed out of lightweight pipes, transparent plastic curtains, and a fan-filter-unit (FFU). The containment efficacy of the product was tested using an aerosolized cultured influenza virus tracer and an optimal airflow rate was determined according to the test results. It was tested for use in hospital wards during the 2016-2018 influenza seasons. Results: The hood, named as Barrihood Conclusions: With the use of the hood, secondary influenza infection cases significantly decreased, compared to previous influenza seasons. It may be suited to hospitals with not enough/no negative pressure facilities, or without enough number of individual patient isolation rooms, and could contribute to decrease the risk of nosocomial infections.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-30
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573571-8
ISSN	2077-6624 ; 2072-1439
ISSN (online)	2077-6624
ISSN	2072-1439
DOI	10.21037/jtd-20-1072
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Development of positive/negative pressure booth generating airflow for protection of medical staff from contagious respiratory pathogens

Nishimura, Hidekazu / Sakata, Soichiro

J. Thorac. Dis.

Abstract: Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused confusion in medical settings because of increased patient load, and caused many infections among medical staff which occurred through exposure to bioparticles discharged from patients. The risk of exposure ... ...

Abstract	Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 caused confusion in medical settings because of increased patient load, and caused many infections among medical staff which occurred through exposure to bioparticles discharged from patients. The risk of exposure became maximum at the examination of patients, particularly in the collection of respiratory specimens. Effective interventions to reduce the risk are needed. Methods: A one-person booth consisting of curtain walls, frames, and fan-HEPA filter-unit (FFU) was designed. Using the airstream from/to FFU, it has dual functions as a positive/negative pressure machine to prevent pathogens in patient's cough to reach the medical staff inside/outside the booth, respectively. The curtain walls and positioning of the patient and staff were aerodynamically optimized for the best control of the airstream. Results: The positive pressure booth is to isolate a staff inside to safely deal with a surge in the number of patients in situations like influenza pandemics. The negative pressure booth is to isolate a patient inside to protect a staff outside from dangerous contagious respiratory infectious diseases including COVID-19. A calculated airflow of the positive pressure machine efficiently pushed back bio-particles discharged from a person outside the booth. The bio-particles of a cough from a person inside the negative pressure booth was sucked into the FFU for filtration immediately after the discharge. The booth needed a short front curtain of a stair-cut shape, and a patient and a staff facing each other needed to be positioned at an angle 45° to the airstream for optimization of the airflow. Conclusions: The booth named Barriflow® would prevent the bioparticles of a patient's cough to reach the medical staff due to an aerodynamically designed airstream from the FFU and curtains surrounding it. It could be applied to cases of not only COVID-19 or influenza but also of other dangerous, contagious respiratory diseases.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #819441
Database	COVID19

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Article: Development of a lightweight, 'on-bed', portable isolation hood to limit the spread of aerosolized influenza and other pathogens

Nishimura, Hidekazu / Sakata, Soichiro

J Thorac Dis

Abstract	Background: The annual seasonal influenza epidemics in the winter season lead to many hospital admissions, increasing risks of nosocomial infections. Infectious diseases caused by contagious respiratory pathogens also pose a great risk to hospitals as has been seen in the current epidemic by a novel coronavirus infection. Such risk occurs in high density patient settings with few or no partitions, since the pathogens are transmitted by aerosols discharged from the patients. Possible interventions against the transmission are needed. Methods: We developed a compact, lightweight, and portable hood designed to cover just the top half of a patient sitting or lying in bed, to limit the dissemination of infectious aerosols, constructed out of lightweight pipes, transparent plastic curtains, and a fan-filter-unit (FFU). The containment efficacy of the product was tested using an aerosolized cultured influenza virus tracer and an optimal airflow rate was determined according to the test results. It was tested for use in hospital wards during the 2016-2018 influenza seasons. Results: The hood, named as Barrihood®, had dimensions height 172 cm, width 97 cm, length 38 cm, weighed 26 kg, and easily strolled and unfolded from its stored to its fully operational state of length 125 cm within a few minutes by a single operator. Optimal operational airflow-rate of the FFU was 420 L/min for containment of the aerosol particles. Eighty-one uninfected patients remained for 176 cumulative person-days within 1-4 m of influenza-infected patients isolated within the hood, without acquiring influenza infection. Conclusions: With the use of the hood, secondary influenza infection cases significantly decreased, compared to previous influenza seasons. It may be suited to hospitals with not enough/no negative pressure facilities, or without enough number of individual patient isolation rooms, and could contribute to decrease the risk of nosocomial infections.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #721975
Database	COVID19

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Article: New applications of a portable isolation hood for use in several settings and as a clean hood.

Nishimura, Hidekazu / Fan, Yuxuan / Sakata, Soichiro

Journal of thoracic disease

2020 Volume 12, Issue 7, Page(s) 3500–3506

Abstract: Background: We previously reported that we developed a compact and portable isolation hood that covers the top half of a patient sitting or lying in bed. The negative pressure inside the hood is generated by a fan-filter-unit (FFU) through which ... ...

Abstract	Background: We previously reported that we developed a compact and portable isolation hood that covers the top half of a patient sitting or lying in bed. The negative pressure inside the hood is generated by a fan-filter-unit (FFU) through which infectious aerosols from a patient are filtered. The outside area is kept clean which decreases the risk of nosocomial infections in hospital wards. We tried new applications of the hood. Methods: The negative pressure hood was newly applied in an intensive care unit (ICU) as a place where a staff performs the practice of suctioning that generates much aerosol from the patient, as well as a waiting space for patients. Furthermore, the possibility that the hood can be converted to a positive pressure hood as a clean hood by switching the airflow direction of FFU was assessed. The cleaning efficacy of the inside of the hood was tested using an aerosolized cultured influenza virus tracer and an optimal airflow rate was determined according to the test results. Results: The hood, named Barrihood, was found to be competent to be used (I) for tracheal suctioning in ICU, (II) as a waiting space for a child in a nursery who suddenly showed symptoms of the disease and waiting to be picked-up by the guardian, and (III) as a waiting space in a special outpatient clinic in a hospital for COVID-19 suspected cases to prevent dissemination of airborne pathogens. The positive pressure hood was also competent in keeping clean air quality that meets the standard class 100 of NASA's bio-clean room category. Conclusions: The proposed new applications will broaden the range of the hood's usage. The isolation hood could be useful in many settings to protect people outside the hood from a patient inside, or to protect an individual inside from air particles outside the hood, such as airborne pathogens, allergens, or hazardous particulate matter like PM2.5.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-18
Publishing country	China
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2573571-8
ISSN	2077-6624 ; 2072-1439
ISSN (online)	2077-6624
ISSN	2072-1439
DOI	10.21037/jtd-20-1211
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: New applications of a portable isolation hood for use in several settings and as a clean hood

Nishimura, Hidekazu / Fan, Yuxuan / Sakata, Soichiro

J Thorac Dis

Abstract	Background: We previously reported that we developed a compact and portable isolation hood that covers the top half of a patient sitting or lying in bed. The negative pressure inside the hood is generated by a fan-filter-unit (FFU) through which infectious aerosols from a patient are filtered. The outside area is kept clean which decreases the risk of nosocomial infections in hospital wards. We tried new applications of the hood. Methods: The negative pressure hood was newly applied in an intensive care unit (ICU) as a place where a staff performs the practice of suctioning that generates much aerosol from the patient, as well as a waiting space for patients. Furthermore, the possibility that the hood can be converted to a positive pressure hood as a clean hood by switching the airflow direction of FFU was assessed. The cleaning efficacy of the inside of the hood was tested using an aerosolized cultured influenza virus tracer and an optimal airflow rate was determined according to the test results. Results: The hood, named Barrihood, was found to be competent to be used (I) for tracheal suctioning in ICU, (II) as a waiting space for a child in a nursery who suddenly showed symptoms of the disease and waiting to be picked-up by the guardian, and (III) as a waiting space in a special outpatient clinic in a hospital for COVID-19 suspected cases to prevent dissemination of airborne pathogens. The positive pressure hood was also competent in keeping clean air quality that meets the standard class 100 of NASA's bio-clean room category. Conclusions: The proposed new applications will broaden the range of the hood's usage. The isolation hood could be useful in many settings to protect people outside the hood from a patient inside, or to protect an individual inside from air particles outside the hood, such as airborne pathogens, allergens, or hazardous particulate matter like PM2.5.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #721679
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: A new methodology for studying dynamics of aerosol particles in sneeze and cough using a digital high-vision, high-speed video system and vector analyses.

Nishimura, Hidekazu / Sakata, Soichiro / Kaga, Akikazu

PloS one

2013 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) e80244

Abstract: Microbial pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases are often transmitted through particles in sneeze and cough. Therefore, understanding the particle movement is important for infection control. Images of a sneeze induced by nasal cavity stimulation ... ...

Abstract	Microbial pathogens of respiratory infectious diseases are often transmitted through particles in sneeze and cough. Therefore, understanding the particle movement is important for infection control. Images of a sneeze induced by nasal cavity stimulation by healthy adult volunteers, were taken by a digital high-vision, high-speed video system equipped with a computer system and treated as a research model. The obtained images were enhanced electronically, converted to digital images every 1/300 s, and subjected to vector analysis of the bioparticles contained in the whole sneeze cloud using automatic image processing software. The initial velocity of the particles or their clusters in the sneeze was greater than 6 m/s, but decreased as the particles moved forward; the momentums of the particles seemed to be lost by 0.15-0.20 s and started a diffusion movement. An approximate equation of a function of elapsed time for their velocity was obtained from the vector analysis to represent the dynamics of the front-line particles. This methodology was also applied for a cough. Microclouds contained in a smoke exhaled with a voluntary cough by a volunteer after smoking one breath of cigarette, were traced as the visible, aerodynamic surrogates for invisible bioparticles of cough. The smoke cough microclouds had an initial velocity greater than 5 m/s. The fastest microclouds were located at the forefront of cloud mass that moving forward; however, their velocity clearly decreased after 0.05 s and they began to diffuse in the environmental airflow. The maximum direct reaches of the particles and microclouds driven by sneezing and coughing unaffected by environmental airflows were estimated by calculations using the obtained equations to be about 84 cm and 30 cm from the mouth, respectively, both achieved in about 0.2 s, suggesting that data relating to the dynamics of sneeze and cough became available by calculation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aerosols ; Cough ; Humans ; Male ; Particulate Matter ; Sneezing ; Video Recording ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Aerosols ; Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0080244
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Establishment and clinical applications of a portable system for capturing influenza viruses released through coughing.

Hatagishi, Etsuko / Okamoto, Michiko / Ohmiya, Suguru / Yano, Hisakazu / Hori, Toru / Saito, Wakana / Miki, Hiroshi / Suzuki, Yasushi / Saito, Reiko / Yamamoto, Taro / Shoji, Makoto / Morisaki, Yoshihisa / Sakata, Soichiro / Nishimura, Hidekazu

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 8, Page(s) e103560

Abstract: Coughing plays an important role in influenza transmission; however, there is insufficient information regarding the viral load in cough because of the lack of convenient and reliable collection methods. We developed a portable airborne particle- ... ...

Abstract	Coughing plays an important role in influenza transmission; however, there is insufficient information regarding the viral load in cough because of the lack of convenient and reliable collection methods. We developed a portable airborne particle-collection system to measure the viral load; it is equipped with an air sampler to draw air and pass it through a gelatin membrane filter connected to a cone-shaped, megaphone-like device to guide the cough airflow to the membrane. The membrane was dissolved in a medium, and the viral load was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and a plaque assay. The approximate viral recovery rate of this system was 10% in simulation experiments to collect and quantify the viral particles aerosolized by a nebulizer. Using this system, cough samples were collected from 56 influenza A patients. The total viral detection rate was 41% (23/56), and the viral loads varied significantly (from <10, less than the detection limit, to 2240 viral gene copies/cough). Viable viruses were detected from 3 samples with ≤18 plaque forming units per cough sample. The virus detection rates were similar among different groups of patients infected with different viral subtypes and during different influenza seasons. Among patients who did not receive antiviral treatment, viruses were detected in one of six cases in the vaccinated group and four of six cases in the unvaccinated group. We found cases with high viral titers in throat swabs or oral secretions but very low or undetectable in coughs and vice versa suggesting other possible anatomical sites where the viruses might be mixed into the cough. Our system is easy to operate, appropriate for bedside use, and is useful for comparing the viral load in cough samples from influenza patients under various conditions and settings. However, further large-scale studies are warranted to validate our results.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cough/virology ; Dogs ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/transmission ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthomyxoviridae/genetics ; Orthomyxoviridae/isolation & purification ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Viral Load ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0103560
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Development of positive/negative pressure booth generating airflow for protection of medical staff from contagious respiratory pathogens.

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Article: Development of a lightweight, 'on-bed', portable isolation hood to limit the spread of aerosolized influenza and other pathogens.

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Kategorien

Order via subito

Article: Development of positive/negative pressure booth generating airflow for protection of medical staff from contagious respiratory pathogens

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Article: Development of a lightweight, 'on-bed', portable isolation hood to limit the spread of aerosolized influenza and other pathogens

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Article: New applications of a portable isolation hood for use in several settings and as a clean hood.

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Article: New applications of a portable isolation hood for use in several settings and as a clean hood

Kategorien

Inter-library loan at ZB MED

Article ; Online: A new methodology for studying dynamics of aerosol particles in sneeze and cough using a digital high-vision, high-speed video system and vector analyses.

More links

Kategorien

Order via subito

Article ; Online: Establishment and clinical applications of a portable system for capturing influenza viruses released through coughing.

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Kategorien

Order via subito

Inter-library loan at ZB MED