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  1. Article: Differential role of prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices in verbal and figural fluency: Implications for the supramodal contribution of executive functions

    Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Nitsche, Michael

    Scientific reports, 9:3700

    2019  

    Abstract: Verbal and figural fluency are related to executive functions (EFs), but the extent to which they benefit from executive resources and their respective cortical representations is not clear. Moreover, different brain areas and cognitive functions are ... ...

    Institution Technische Universität Dortmund. Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung
    Abstract Verbal and figural fluency are related to executive functions (EFs), but the extent to which they benefit from executive resources and their respective cortical representations is not clear. Moreover, different brain areas and cognitive functions are involved in fluency processing. This study investigated effects of modulation of cortical excitability in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), left temporal area and right posterior parietal cortex (r-PPC) with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on verbal and figural fluency. Fifteen healthy adult participants received anodal l-DLPFC (F3), anodal left temporal (T3), anodal r-PPC (P4) and sham tDCS (15 min, 1.5 mA). After five minutes of stimulation, participants underwent the verbal fluency (i.e., semantic and phonemic fluency tasks) and figural fluency tasks. Participants significantly generated more words with phonemic cues during anodal l-DLPFC tDCS and more words with semantic cues during both anodal left temporal and anodal l-DLPFC tDCS. In contrast, they generated more unique figures under anodal r-PPC and anodal l-DLPFC tDCS. Our results implicate that prefrontal regions and EFs are shared anatomical correlates and cognitive processes relevant for both, verbal and figural fluency (supramodal contribution of DLPFC activation), whereas r-PPC and left temporal cortex are more specifically involved in figural and semantic fluency (modality-specific contribution).
    Keywords Cognitive control ; Human behaviour
    Language English
    Document type Article
    Database Repository for Life Sciences

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  2. Article: Transcranial direct current stimulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits

    Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Nitsche, Michael

    PLOS ONE, 14(4):e0215095

    2019  

    Abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications in neuropsychiatric diseases. Its application in neurodevelopmental disorders especially attention-deficit hyperactivity ... ...

    Institution Technische Universität Dortmund. Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung
    Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications in neuropsychiatric diseases. Its application in neurodevelopmental disorders especially attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is in early stage and promising but its effectiveness has not been systematically examined yet. We conducted a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of tDCS on the most studied neuropsychological symptoms of ADHD, which is the first reported meta-analysis of tDCS studies on ADHD. Data from 10 randomized controlled studies (including 11 separate experiments) targeting inhibitory control, and/or working memory (WM) in ADHD were included. Results show that overall tDCS significantly improved inhibitory control. Sub-analyses further show that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (but not right inferior frontal gyrus) tDCS and anodal (but not cathodal) tDCS significantly improved inhibitory control with a small effect size. Anodal dlPFC-tDCS had the largest significant effect on inhibitory control with a small-to-medium effect size. Additionally, a significant improving effect of tDCS on inhibitory control accuracy (but not response time) and WM speed (but not accuracy) were found. Overall, this meta-analysis supports a beneficial effect of tDCS on inhibitory control and WM in ADHD with a small-to-medium effect size. TDCS seems to be a promising method for improving neuropsychological and cognitive deficits in ADHD. However, there might be a dissociation between neuropsychological deficits and clinical symptoms of ADHD and therefore, the significance of this meta-analysis for clinical purposes is limited. Future studies should systematically evaluate the role of inter-individual factors (i.e., ADHD subtype, types of the deficit) and stimulation parameters (i.e., site, polarity, intensity, duration, repetition rate) on tDCS efficacy in ADHD population and examine whether benefits are long-term.
    Keywords Cognitive impairment ; ADHD ; Functional electrical stimulation ; Metaanalysis ; Neuropsychology ; Reaction time ; Working memory ; Transcranial direct-current stimulation
    Language English
    Document type Article
    Database Repository for Life Sciences

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  3. Article ; Online: Safety of noninvasive brain stimulation in children.

    Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Siniatchkin, Michael

    Current opinion in psychiatry

    2024  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 78–86

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications. It has been increasingly used in children, especially in neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, its safety and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising method for altering cortical excitability with clinical implications. It has been increasingly used in children, especially in neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, its safety and applications in the developing brain require further investigation. This review aims to provide an overview of the safety of commonly used NIBS techniques in children, including transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Safety data for other NIBS methods is not reported in this review.
    Recent findings: In line with studies from the last decade, findings in the last 2 years (2022-2023) support the safety of NIBS in children and adolescents within the currently applied protocols. Both tES and TMS are well tolerated, if safety rules, including exclusion criteria, are applied.
    Summary: We briefly discussed developmental aspects of stimulation parameters that need to be considered in the developing brain and provided an up-to-date overview of tES/TMS applications in children and adolescents. Overall, the safety profile of tES/TMS in children is good. For both the tES and TMS applications, epilepsy and active seizure disorder should be exclusion criteria to prevent potential seizures. Using child-sized earplugs is required for TMS applications. We lack large randomized double-blind trialsand longitudinal studies to establish the safety of NIBS in children.
    Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/YCO/A78 .
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; Brain/physiology ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/adverse effects ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/methods ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/adverse effects ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods ; Epilepsy ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/etiology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Review ; Video-Audio Media ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 645162-7
    ISSN 1473-6578 ; 0951-7367
    ISSN (online) 1473-6578
    ISSN 0951-7367
    DOI 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000923
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Comparable Efficacy of Repeated Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and Their Combination in Improvement of Cold and Hot Cognitive Functions and Amelioration of Depressive Symptoms.

    Nejati, Vahid / Nozari, Masoumeh / Mirzaian, Bahram / Pourshahriar, Hosein / Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali

    The Journal of nervous and mental disease

    2024  Volume 212, Issue 3, Page(s) 141–151

    Abstract: Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (rtDCS), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination (rtDCS-CBT) in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, social cognition, and ... ...

    Abstract Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (rtDCS), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination (rtDCS-CBT) in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction, social cognition, and depressive symptoms in women diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 40 female participants with MDD were randomly assigned to one of four groups: rtDCS, CBT, rtDCS-CBT, and a control group. The participants' depressive symptoms, executive functions, and social cognition were assessed at baseline, preintervention, postintervention, and during a 1-month follow-up. The rtDCS group received 10 sessions of anodal dorsolateral and cathodal ventromedial prefrontal cortex (2 mA for 20 minutes). The CBT group received 10 sessions of traditional CBT, whereas the combined group received CBT after the tDCS sessions. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that all intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and social cognition compared with the control group (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, the rtDCS-CBT group exhibited significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms when compared with each intervention alone (all p < 0.001). Notably, working memory improvements were observed only in the rtDCS group ( p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study suggests that both CBT and tDCS, either individually or in combination, have a positive therapeutic impact on enhancing executive functions, theory of mind, and depressive symptoms in women with MDD.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology ; Cognition/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods ; Double-Blind Method
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3020-x
    ISSN 1539-736X ; 0022-3018
    ISSN (online) 1539-736X
    ISSN 0022-3018
    DOI 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001745
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: The Impact of Bilateral Anodal tDCS over Left and Right DLPFC on Executive Functions in Children with ADHD.

    Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Vosough, Younes / Nejati, Vahid

    Brain sciences

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 8

    Abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly used for therapeutic purposes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most targeted region of tDCS studies in ADHD. There is ... ...

    Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly used for therapeutic purposes in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most targeted region of tDCS studies in ADHD. There is limited knowledge and mixed results about the relevance of left or right DLPFCs in ADHD's cognitive deficits. No study so far has investigated the impact of the increased excitability of both left and right DLPFC with anodal tDCS on cognitive deficits in ADHD. Here, we explored the impact of online bilateral anodal left and right DLPFC tDCS on executive dysfunction in children with ADHD. Twenty-two children with ADHD (mean age ± SD =8.86 ± 1.80) received bilateral anodal online tDCS over the left and right DLPFC (1.5 mA, 15 min) in two separate sessions in active and sham states. They underwent a battery of four neuropsychological tasks of executive functions during stimulation that measured working memory, cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, and executive control. Bilateral anodal left and right DLPFC tDCS did not improve performance on working memory, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. Executive control was, however, partially improved for those who received active tDCS first. The upregulation of bilateral DLPFC tDCS with anodal polarity does not improve executive dysfunction in children with ADHD. The unilateral modulation of DLPFC with anodal tDCS may be more beneficial to cognitive deficits in ADHD in light of previous works targeting only left and/or right DLPFC.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-18
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci12081098
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Complexity of cathodal tDCS: Relevance of stimulation repetition, interval, and intensity.

    Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Ghanavati, Elham

    The Journal of physiology

    2020  Volume 598, Issue 6, Page(s) 1127–1129

    MeSH term(s) Electrodes ; Motor Cortex ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3115-x
    ISSN 1469-7793 ; 0022-3751
    ISSN (online) 1469-7793
    ISSN 0022-3751
    DOI 10.1113/JP279409
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Adjunctive transcranial direct current stimulation to improve swallowing functions in Parkinson's disease.

    Dashtelei, Ali Akbar / Nitsche, Michael A / Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Habibi, Amir Hassan / Bakhtyiari, Jalal / Khatoonabadi, Ahmad R

    EXCLI journal

    2024  Volume 23, Page(s) 95–107

    Abstract: Swallowing problems are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combined transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Conventional Dysphagia Therapy (CDT) on dysphagia in PD patients. Twenty ...

    Abstract Swallowing problems are frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combined transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and Conventional Dysphagia Therapy (CDT) on dysphagia in PD patients. Twenty PD patients with dysphagia were randomized into two groups: combination therapy (anodal tDCS plus CDT) and sham tDCS combined with CDT. Anodal or sham tDCS, bilaterally over the pharyngeal motor cortex, was applied with one mA during the first 20 min (real) or 30 s (sham) of CDT, which was delivered for 30 min. Both groups received twice-daily treatment sessions within two weeks. Swallowing functions were evaluated before, immediately, and one month after the intervention via the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS), and the Swallowing Disorder Questionnaire (SDQ) as the primary outcome measures, and the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) as the secondary outcome measure. The results showed a significant improvement of PAS scores from baseline to post-intervention and baseline to follow-up in both groups without significant differences between groups (t=0.03, p=0.973, and t=1.27, p=0.22 for post-intervention and follow-up time points, respectively). The results showed a significant reduction of SDQ and DHI scores in both groups after the intervention, but the magnitude of the change was significantly larger in the anodal tDCS group at the post-intervention (ta=2.58, pa=0.019 and tb=2.96, pb=0.008) and follow-up (ta=2.65, pa=0.016 and tb=2.97, pb=0.008) time points. This study provides preliminary evidence that bi-hemispheric anodal tDCS combined with CDT enhances swallowing functions in patients with Parkinson's disease more than CDT alone.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1611-2156
    ISSN 1611-2156
    DOI 10.17179/excli2023-6496
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: The impact of prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on theory of mind, emotion regulation and emotional-behavioral functions in children with autism disorder: A randomized, sham-controlled, and parallel-group study.

    Zemestani, Mehdi / Hoseinpanahi, Omid / Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Nitsche, Michael A

    Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) 1985–2003

    Abstract: Advances in our knowledge about the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have produced several novel treatment modalities. One of these approaches is modulation of activity of the brain regions involved ...

    Abstract Advances in our knowledge about the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying core deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have produced several novel treatment modalities. One of these approaches is modulation of activity of the brain regions involved in ASD symptoms. This study examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on autism symptom severity, theory of mind, emotion regulation strategies, and emotional-behavioral functions in children with ASD. Thirty-two children (M<sub>age</sub>  = 10.16, SD = 1.93, range 7-12 years) diagnosed with ASD were randomly assigned to active (N = 17) or sham stimulation (N = 15) groups in a randomized, sham-controlled, parallel-group design. Participants underwent 10 sessions of active (1.5 mA, 15 min, bilateral left anodal/right cathodal DLPFC, 2 sessions per week) or sham tDCS. Autism symptom severity, theory of mind, emotion regulation strategies, and emotional-behavioral functioning of the patients were assessed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 1 month after the intervention. A significant improvement of autism symptom severity (i.e., communication), theory of mind (i.e., ToM 3), and emotion regulation strategies was observed for the active as compared to the sham stimulation group at the end of the intervention, and these effects were maintained at the one-month follow-up. The results suggest that repeated tDCS with anodal stimulation of left and cathodal stimulation of right DLPFC improves autism symptom severity as well as social cognition and emotion regulation in ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Previous research has suggested that targeting core mechanisms underlying cognitive-emotional and behavioral deficits of autistic children might improve symptoms of ASD. Deficient social and behavioral functioning, impaired theory of mind, and emotional regulation deficits have been identified as core treatment targets for this group. Specific subregions of the prefrontal cortex are involved in these deficits, including hypoactivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Upregulation of this area with non-invasive brain stimulation, namely anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), results in improved social and behavioral functioning in children with ASD. Very few studies have however examined the effects of this intervention on theory of mind, emotional regulation, and emotional-behavioral problems. We examined the effects of anodal tDCS over the left DLPFC (F3), combined with cathodal tDCS over the right DLPFC (F4) on autism symptom severity as well as theory of mind, emotional regulation, and emotional-behavioral problems of children with ASD. This intervention improved autism symptom severity, specific domains of theory of mind, and emotion regulation. These findings have clinical implications for the treatment of ASD and suggest that targeting core mechanisms underlying socio-cognitive-emotional deficits of autistic children using tDCS might improve symptoms of ASD.
    MeSH term(s) Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/therapy ; Autistic Disorder/complications ; Autistic Disorder/therapy ; Child ; Emotional Regulation ; Humans ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Theory of Mind ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2481338-2
    ISSN 1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
    ISSN (online) 1939-3806
    ISSN 1939-3792
    DOI 10.1002/aur.2803
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Efficacy of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Pain Level and Disability of Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Parallel-Group Design.

    Azarkolah, Anita / Noorbala, Ahmad Ali / Ansari, Sahar / Hallajian, Amir-Homayun / Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali

    Brain sciences

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1

    Abstract: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been increasingly applied in fibromyalgia (FM) to reduce pain and fatigue. While results are promising, observed effects are variable, and there are questions about optimal stimulation parameters such as ...

    Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been increasingly applied in fibromyalgia (FM) to reduce pain and fatigue. While results are promising, observed effects are variable, and there are questions about optimal stimulation parameters such as target region (e.g., motor vs. prefrontal cortices). This systematic review aimed to provide the latest update on published randomized controlled trials with a parallel-group design to examine the specific effects of active tDCS in reducing pain and disability in FM patients. Using the PRISMA approach, a literature search identified 14 randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of tDCS on pain and fatigue in patients with FM. Assessment of biases shows an overall low-to-moderate risk of bias. tDCS was found effective in all included studies conducted in patients with FM, except one study, in which the improving effects of tDCS were due to placebo. We recommended tDCS over the motor and prefrontal cortices as "effective" and "probably effective" respectively, and also safe for reducing pain perception and fatigue in patients with FM, according to evidence-based guidelines. Stimulation polarity was anodal in all studies, and one single-session study also examined cathodal polarity. The stimulation intensity ranged from 1-mA (7.14% of studies) to 1.5-mA (7.14% of studies) and 2-mA (85.7% of studies). In all of the included studies, a significant improvement in at least one outcome variable (pain or fatigue reduction) was observed. Moreover, 92.8% (13 of 14) applied multi-session tDCS protocols in FM treatment and reported significant improvement in their outcome variables. While tDCS is therapeutically effective for FM, titration studies that systematically evaluate different stimulation intensities, durations, and electrode placement are needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci14010026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: The effect of non-invasive brain stimulation on gait in healthy young and older adults

    Baharlouei, Hamzeh / Salehinejad, Mohammad Ali / Talimkhani, Ailin / Nitsche, Michael A.

    Neuroscience

    A systematic review of the literature

    2023  Volume 516, Page(s) 125–140

    Abstract: Abstract not released by publisher. ...

    Title translation Die Wirkung der nicht-invasiven Hirnstimulation auf den Gang gesunder junger und älterer Erwachsener: Ein systematischer Überblick über die Literatur. (DeepL)
    Abstract Abstract not released by publisher.
    Keywords Age Differences ; Altersunterschiede ; Cerebellum ; Electrical Brain Stimulation ; Elektrische Hirnstimulation ; Gait ; Gang ; Kleinhirn ; Motor Cortex ; Motorischer Kortex ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Transkranielle Magnetstimulation
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 196739-3
    ISSN 1873-7544 ; 0306-4522
    ISSN (online) 1873-7544
    ISSN 0306-4522
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.026
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