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Article ; Online: Mortality and Survival Analysis of Burn Patients Admitted in a Critical Care Burn Unit, Saudi Arabia.

Alshammari, Salem Mohammad / Almarzouq, Sawsan / Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz / Shash, Hani

Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciences

2022 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 216–220

Abstract: Background: Burn injury is associated with a high mortality risk. Recent epidemiological data on burn injury and mortality rate from Saudi Arabia is lacking.: Objective: This study aimed to analyze the survival rates and its predictability using the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Burn injury is associated with a high mortality risk. Recent epidemiological data on burn injury and mortality rate from Saudi Arabia is lacking. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the survival rates and its predictability using the Baux score in patients with burn injury at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: This retrospective study included all patients admitted to the burn unit at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, between March 2014 and February 2020. Patients' burn characteristics and calculated revised Baux scores were collected. The age, burn wound size, type of burn, burn extension, and Baux score of the survivors and non-survivors were compared. Results: A total number of 102 patients were included, and their mean age was 24.2 years (range: 9 months to 78 years). The mean affected total body surface area was 26.4%. Ninety patients (88%) suffered from flame/scald burn. The mortality rate was 17.6% (18 patients); all these patients had flame burns. No patient with a revised Baux score ≥110 survived ( Conclusion: Inhalational injury and burn size were the most prognostic factors of burn injury in this study. As all cases of mortality were from flame burns, regulation on flammable materials and safety measures should be promoted to the public.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-10
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2734896-9
ISSN	2321-4856 ; 2321-4856
ISSN (online)	2321-4856
ISSN	2321-4856
DOI	10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_618_21
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Article ; Online: Prediction of fracture initiation and propagation in pelvic bones.

Salem, Mohammad / Westover, Lindsey / Adeeb, Samer / Duke, Kajsa

Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering

2021 Volume 25, Issue 7, Page(s) 808–820

Abstract: The objective is developing an XFEM model that is capable of predicting different types of fracture in the pelvic bone under various loading conditions. Previously published mechanical and failure characteristics of cortical and cancellous tissues were ... ...

Abstract	The objective is developing an XFEM model that is capable of predicting different types of fracture in the pelvic bone under various loading conditions. Previously published mechanical and failure characteristics of cortical and cancellous tissues were implemented and assigned to an intact pelvic bone with specified cortical and cancellous tissues. Various loading conditions, including combined load directions, were applied to the acetabulum to model different types of fracture (e.g., anterior/posterior wall fracture and transverse fracture) in the pelvic bone. The predicated types of fracture and the maximum force at fracture were compared to those acquired from previously published experimental tests. Anterior/posterior wall fracture and transverse fracture were the most common types of fractures determined in the simulations. The XFEM simulations were able to predict similar fractures to those reported in the experimental tests. The maximum fracture force in the XFEM model was found to be 18.6 kN compared to 8.85 kN reported in the previous experimental tests. The results revealed that different types of fracture in the pelvic bones can be caused by the various loading conditions in unstable high-rate impact loads. Using proper mechanical and failure behaviors of cortical and cancellous tissues, XFEM modeling of pelvic bone is capable of predicting bone fracture. In future work, the XFEM models of cancellous and cortical tissues can be assigned to other bones in human body skeleton so that the failure mechanism in such bones can be investigated.
MeSH term(s)	Acetabulum ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Pelvic Bones
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2071764-7
ISSN	1476-8259 ; 1025-5842
ISSN (online)	1476-8259
ISSN	1025-5842
DOI	10.1080/10255842.2021.1981883
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Article ; Online: An Equivalent Constitutive Model of Cancellous Bone With Fracture Prediction.

Salem, Mohammad / Westover, Lindsey / Adeeb, Samer / Duke, Kajsa

Journal of biomechanical engineering

2020 Volume 142, Issue 12

Abstract: To simulate the mechanical and fracture behaviors of cancellous bone in three anatomical directions and to develop an equivalent constitutive model. Microscale extended finite element method (XFEM) models of a cancellous specimen were developed with ... ...

Abstract	To simulate the mechanical and fracture behaviors of cancellous bone in three anatomical directions and to develop an equivalent constitutive model. Microscale extended finite element method (XFEM) models of a cancellous specimen were developed with mechanical behaviors in three anatomical directions. An appropriate abaqus macroscale model replicated the behavior observed in the microscale models. The parameters were defined based on the intermediate bone material properties in the anatomical directions and assigned to an equivalent nonporous specimen of the same size. The equivalent model capability was analyzed by comparing the micro- and macromodels. The hysteresis graphs of the microscale model show that the modulus is the same in loading and unloading; similar to the metal plasticity models. The strength and failure strains in each anatomical direction are higher in compression than in tension. The microscale models exhibited an orthotropic behavior. Appropriate parameters of the cast iron plasticity model were chosen to generate macroscale models that are capable of replicating the observed microscale behavior of cancellous bone. Cancellous bone is an orthotropic material that can be simulated using a cast iron plasticity model. This model is capable of replicating the microscale behavior in finite element (FE) analysis simulations without the need for individual trabecula, leading to a reduction in computational resources without sacrificing model accuracy. Also, XFEM of cancellous bone compared to traditional finite element method proves to be a valuable tool to predict and model the fractures in the bone specimen.
MeSH term(s)	Cancellous Bone ; Compressive Strength ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fractures, Bone ; Stress, Mechanical
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	243094-0
ISSN	1528-8951 ; 0148-0731
ISSN (online)	1528-8951
ISSN	0148-0731
DOI	10.1115/1.4047080
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Article ; Online: Prediction of failure in cancellous bone using extended finite element method.

Salem, Mohammad / Westover, Lindsey / Adeeb, Samer / Duke, Kajsa

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine

2020 Volume 234, Issue 9, Page(s) 988–999

Abstract: The objective of our study is to develop extended finite element method models of cancellous bone specimens that are capable of accurately predicting the onset and propagation of cracks under mechanical loading. In order to do so, previously published ... ...

Abstract	The objective of our study is to develop extended finite element method models of cancellous bone specimens that are capable of accurately predicting the onset and propagation of cracks under mechanical loading. In order to do so, previously published three-point bending test results of a single trabecula were replicated using two different extended finite element method approaches, namely, elastic-plastic-fracture and elastic-fracture that considered different configurations of the elasto-plastic properties of bone from which the best approach to fit the experimental data was identified. The behavior of a single trabecula was then used in 2D extended finite element method models to quantify the strength of the trabecular tissue of the forearm along three perpendicular anatomical axes. The results revealed that the elastic-plastic-fracture model better represented the experimental data in the model of a single trabecula. Considering the 2D trabecular specimens, the elastic fracture model predicted higher strength than the elastic-plastic-fracture model and there was no difference in stiffness between the two models. In general, the specimens exhibited higher failure strain and more ductile behavior in compression than in tension. In addition, strength and stiffness were found to be higher in tension than compression on average. It can be concluded that with proper parameters, extended finite element method is capable of simulating the ductile behavior of cancellous bone. The models are able to quantify the tensile strength of trabecular tissue in the various anatomical directions reporting an increased strength in the longitudinal direction of forearm cancellous bone tissue. Extended finite element method of cancellous bone proves to be a valuable tool to predict the mechanical characteristics of cancellous bones as a function of the microstructure.
MeSH term(s)	Bone and Bones ; Cancellous Bone/diagnostic imaging ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fractures, Bone ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Stress, Mechanical
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1065942-0
ISSN	2041-3033 ; 0046-2039 ; 0954-4119
ISSN (online)	2041-3033
ISSN	0046-2039 ; 0954-4119
DOI	10.1177/0954411920936057
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Zs.A 2652: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Successful Elbow Flexion Reconstruction Using Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Transfer Following a Road Traffic Accident and Upper Limb Trauma.

Alshammari, Salem Mohammad / Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz / Almarzouq, Sawsan Fahad / Shash, Hani Ali

The American journal of case reports

2021 Volume 22, Page(s) e933374

Abstract: BACKGROUND Several surgical procedures to restore elbow flexion have been reported in the literature. Multiple factors direct the selection of appropriate procedures for each patient, including hand dominance, neurovascular injury, and comorbidities. ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND Several surgical procedures to restore elbow flexion have been reported in the literature. Multiple factors direct the selection of appropriate procedures for each patient, including hand dominance, neurovascular injury, and comorbidities. Traumatic damage to the anterior compartment of the arm is an indication for latissimus dorsi transfer, which can restore elbow flexion. Bipolar pedicled latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is a design used very rarely to simultaneously reconstruct biceps brachii soft-tissue defects and regain complete flexion function. We report the case of a 30-year-old man who underwent successful elbow flexion reconstruction using latissimus dorsi muscle transfer following a road traffic accident and upper limb trauma. CASE REPORT A 30-year-old man presented with acute compartment syndrome caused by a road traffic accident and impact trauma to the left arm. The surgical evaluation revealed proximal biceps tendons rapture; therefore, immediate repair and therapeutic fasciotomy were done. Subsequently, unsuccessful repair resulted in total necrosis of the biceps muscle, which necessitated debridement of the biceps muscle. Delayed reconstruction with an LD flap was successfully done after stabilization of the patient's condition. The flap was harvested as free-pedicled, then modified into a tube-like shape to resemble the biceps muscle. CONCLUSIONS This report has shown that the surgical procedure of latissimus dorsi muscle transfer can successfully restore elbow function following upper limb trauma; however, preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up are crucial for functional reconstruction of the upper extremity. In addition, carefully selecting reconstructive surgery considering patient factors, degree of injury, and the institution's capacity are essential factors in achieving optimal function restoration with minimal complications.
MeSH term(s)	Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Elbow/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Mammaplasty ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Superficial Back Muscles/surgery ; Upper Extremity
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2517183-5
ISSN	1941-5923 ; 1941-5923
ISSN (online)	1941-5923
ISSN	1941-5923
DOI	10.12659/AJCR.933374
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Article: Evaluation of Nanofiltration Membranes for Pure Lactic Acid Permeability.

Cabrera-González, Mayuki / Ahmed, Amal / Maamo, Khaled / Salem, Mohammad / Jordan, Christian / Harasek, Michael

Membranes

2022 Volume 12, Issue 3

Abstract: Lactic acid (LA) is an organic acid produced by fermentation or chemical synthesis. It plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical, food and plastic industries. In the fermentation of, for example, grass silage, LA and different compounds are produced. To ...

Abstract	Lactic acid (LA) is an organic acid produced by fermentation or chemical synthesis. It plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical, food and plastic industries. In the fermentation of, for example, grass silage, LA and different compounds are produced. To purify lactic acid, researchers have tried to investigate membrane technology to achieve a high yield of lactic acid permeance. This study tested four commercially available nanofiltration membranes (NF270, MPF-36, Toray NF, and Alfa Laval NF). Nanofiltration experiments were performed to investigate the rejection levels of lactic acid from a binary solution by using distinct molecular weight cut off membranes. All of the experiments were conducted with a lab-scale cross-flow membrane unit. Different operating conditions (pH, temperature) were studied for each membrane; the optimal process condition was found at 25 °C and pH 2.8. With higher temperatures and pH, an increase in LA rejection was observed. The MPF-36 membrane shows the lowest lactic acid rejection yield of 7%, while NF270 has the highest rejection yield of 71% at 25 °C and pH 2.8. These results will be helpful in the future to understand both the interaction of lactic acid permeance through nanofiltration membranes and process scale-up.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2614641-1
ISSN	2077-0375
ISSN	2077-0375
DOI	10.3390/membranes12030302
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Article ; Online: Intratympanic corticosteroid injection as a first-line treatment of the patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss compared to systemic steroid: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mirsalehi, Marjan / Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa / Farhadi, Mohammad / Akbarnejad, Zeinab / Ahmadi, Sayedali / Salem, Mohammad Mahdi

American journal of otolaryngology

2022 Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 103505

Abstract: Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate if there is a difference in the use of intratympanic steroid therapy (IST), compared to systemic steroid treatment (SST), as an initial treatment for patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss ( ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate if there is a difference in the use of intratympanic steroid therapy (IST), compared to systemic steroid treatment (SST), as an initial treatment for patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) by a meta-analysis design performed on the mean pure-tone average (PTA) improvement and the complete recovery rate. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed on randomized controlled trials published from 1990 to August 2020 in some databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library/CENTRAL, Ovid, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and clinical trials.gov. The primary outcomes of interest were pure-tone average improvement and complete recovery rates. Results: Six eligible studies with 496 patients (250 patients in the IST group and 246 subjects in the SST group) were included in this study. The pooled standardized mean difference of the PTAs was estimated as 0.07 (95% CI = -0.10 to 0.25; I Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the effect of intratympanic injection of corticosteroid, as a first-line treatment, is not statistically different from the systemic route in improving the hearing outcomes among patients with SSNHL.
MeSH term(s)	Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Dexamethasone ; Glucocorticoids ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/drug therapy ; Hearing Loss, Sudden/diagnosis ; Hearing Loss, Sudden/drug therapy ; Humans ; Injection, Intratympanic ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Glucocorticoids ; Steroids ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	604541-8
ISSN	1532-818X ; 0196-0709
ISSN (online)	1532-818X
ISSN	0196-0709
DOI	10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103505
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Zs.A 1637: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Factors affecting the demarketing of breastmilk substitutes in Palestine.

Salem, Mohammad Zedan Yehia

Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine

2013 Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 302–311

Abstract: Background: Although medical research has proven that breastfeeding is unparalleled in providing the ideal nutrition for infants, "the demarketing of breastmilk substitutes" is a little-known concept. This empirical study tackled the origin and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although medical research has proven that breastfeeding is unparalleled in providing the ideal nutrition for infants, "the demarketing of breastmilk substitutes" is a little-known concept. This empirical study tackled the origin and definition of demarketing, examined the different factors affecting the demarketing of breastmilk substitutes in Palestine from the breastfeeding woman's point of view, and developed an appropriate model for the demarketing of breastmilk substitutes. The article subsequently concludes with recommendations for areas of further academic research in the World Health Assembly, for policy makers in Palestine, and for the breastfeeding women themselves. Subjects and methods: An empirical study was conducted to collect the primary data using a questionnaire as a tool in order to test the hypotheses. The questionnaire was distributed to 400 breastfeeding women who were randomly selected from the population. Results: The findings proved that there is a relationship between independent variables (i.e., product, price, place, and promotion) and the dependent variable (i.e., demarketing of breastmilk substitutes) based on several reasons discussed thoroughly in this article. Conclusions: Product, price, place, and promotion affect the demarketing of breastmilk substitutes in Palestine.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Bottle Feeding/adverse effects ; Breast Feeding/psychology ; Breast Feeding/trends ; Cronobacter sakazakii/pathogenicity ; Decision Making ; Equipment Contamination/statistics & numerical data ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Marketing ; Middle Aged ; Middle East/epidemiology ; Mothers/psychology ; Mothers/statistics & numerical data ; Nutrition Policy ; Pregnancy ; Salmonella enterica/pathogenicity ; Sterilization/standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2234680-6
ISSN	1556-8342 ; 1556-8253
ISSN (online)	1556-8342
ISSN	1556-8253
DOI	10.1089/bfm.2012.0120
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Article ; Online: Autocrine transforming growth factor β1 in regulatory T cell biology-gone but not missed.

Velegraki, Maria / Salem, Mohammad / Ansa-Addo, Ephraim A / Wu, Bill X / Li, Zihai

Immunity

2021 Volume 54, Issue 3, Page(s) 395–396

MeSH term(s)	Biology ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1217235-2
ISSN	1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
ISSN (online)	1097-4180
ISSN	1074-7613
DOI	10.1016/j.immuni.2021.02.007
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Zs.A 4227: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article: Prediction of failure in cancellous bone using extended finite element method

Salem, Mohammad / Westover, Lindsey / Adeeb, Samer / Duke, Kajsa

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

Abstract	The objective of our study is to develop extended finite element method models of cancellous bone specimens that are capable of accurately predicting the onset and propagation of cracks under mechanical loading. In order to do so, previously published three-point bending test results of a single trabecula were replicated using two different extended finite element method approaches, namely, elastic-plastic-fracture and elastic-fracture that considered different configurations of the elasto-plastic properties of bone from which the best approach to fit the experimental data was identified. The behavior of a single trabecula was then used in 2D extended finite element method models to quantify the strength of the trabecular tissue of the forearm along three perpendicular anatomical axes. The results revealed that the elastic-plastic-fracture model better represented the experimental data in the model of a single trabecula. Considering the 2D trabecular specimens, the elastic fracture model predicted higher strength than the elastic-plastic-fracture model and there was no difference in stiffness between the two models. In general, the specimens exhibited higher failure strain and more ductile behavior in compression than in tension. In addition, strength and stiffness were found to be higher in tension than compression on average. It can be concluded that with proper parameters, extended finite element method is capable of simulating the ductile behavior of cancellous bone. The models are able to quantify the tensile strength of trabecular tissue in the various anatomical directions reporting an increased strength in the longitudinal direction of forearm cancellous bone tissue. Extended finite element method of cancellous bone proves to be a valuable tool to predict the mechanical characteristics of cancellous bones as a function of the microstructure.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #32605523
Database	COVID19

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