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Article ; Online: The long-term stability in gene expression of human endothelial cells permits the production of large numbers of cells suitable for use in regenerative medicine.

Punshon, Geoffrey / Vara, Dina S / Sales, Kevin M / Seifalian, Alexander M

2011 Volume 58, Issue 5, Page(s) 371–375

Abstract: Tissue engineering has been conducted in the study of cardiovascular grafts for many years. Many obstacles have been overcome in this rapidly changing field, but one difficulty has remained until now: the large number of endothelial cells (ECs) needed ... ...

Abstract	Tissue engineering has been conducted in the study of cardiovascular grafts for many years. Many obstacles have been overcome in this rapidly changing field, but one difficulty has remained until now: the large number of endothelial cells (ECs) needed for seeding the inner layer of bypass graft. Recent advances in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) isolation and culture techniques have increased the interest in genetic studies. Despite these advances in EPC studies, the "gold standard" for the seeding of tissue engineering constructs or hybrid grafts remains mature human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). This study investigates the ability of HUVECs to be expanded in culture to provide sufficient cells for graft seeding. The levels of gene expression of key genes are then examined to ensure that these cells retain the EC phenotype. This study demonstrates that HUVECs may be cultured for up to 12 passages without alteration in phenotype. Subsequent passage numbers are sufficiently similar to those preceding them to allow cells of different passages to be mixed without gene expression anomalies.
MeSH term(s)	Gene Expression ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Regenerative Medicine ; Time Factors ; Tissue Engineering/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	883433-7
ISSN	1470-8744 ; 0885-4513
ISSN (online)	1470-8744
ISSN	0885-4513
DOI	10.1002/bab.48
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Article ; Online: A novel method for the extraction and culture of progenitor stem cells from human peripheral blood for use in regenerative medicine.

Punshon, Geoffrey / Vara, Dina S / Sales, Kevin M / Seifalian, Alexander M

Biotechnology and applied biochemistry

2011 Volume 58, Issue 5, Page(s) 328–334

Abstract: Human peripheral blood (HPB) contains both circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor stem cells (EPCs), which may be suitable for use in regenerative medicine. There has been considerable interest in using these cells, but there is ... ...

Abstract	Human peripheral blood (HPB) contains both circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor stem cells (EPCs), which may be suitable for use in regenerative medicine. There has been considerable interest in using these cells, but there is no "gold standard" technique for isolating these cells. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare a number of different extraction and culture techniques to develop a system to isolate and culture cells. EPC and CEC were isolated from HPB using either Histopaque-1077 or Lymphoprep. The two isolation methods were compared for the number of cells isolated, cell metabolism, and RNA expression. Both isolations produced viable cells and were comparable. The tissue culture method employed does have a significant effect on the cell population with regard to medium choice, fetal bovine serum concentration, and surface modification of the culture surface. In conclusion, it can be seen that although this study and previous work can suggest a basis for culture, further work to develop an optimized and agreed "gold standard" culture regime for EPC from HPB is required to maximize the potential of this source of cells for regenerative medicine and to translate its clinical use in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Animals ; Cattle ; Cell Separation/methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Coated Materials, Biocompatible/metabolism ; Endothelial Cells/cytology ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Fibronectins/metabolism ; Gelatin/metabolism ; Humans ; RNA/analysis ; Regenerative Medicine ; Serum/metabolism ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Tissue Engineering/methods
Chemical Substances	Coated Materials, Biocompatible ; Fibronectins ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; Gelatin (9000-70-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	883433-7
ISSN	1470-8744 ; 0885-4513
ISSN (online)	1470-8744
ISSN	0885-4513
DOI	10.1002/bab.47
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Article: Stem cells and cancer: an overview.

Sales, Kevin M / Winslet, Marc C / Seifalian, Alexander M

Stem cell reviews

2007 Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 249–255

Abstract: Definite evidence of the importance of cancer stem cells in the progression of cancer has now come to light. Key markers of these cells have been identified in many solid tumours as well as leukaemias. Specific studies modelling the tumour induction of ... ...

Abstract	Definite evidence of the importance of cancer stem cells in the progression of cancer has now come to light. Key markers of these cells have been identified in many solid tumours as well as leukaemias. Specific studies modelling the tumour induction of specific cells isolated by surface antigens such as CD44 have demonstrated that these cells are not only present in tumours but that they are the key units in their tumourgenecity. These findings provide useful insight for disease progression, treatment and metastasis. The wide variety of proposed markers, and their similarity to endothelial progenitor cells found in angiogenesis, complicates these studies. Definite proof falls only in the induction of tumours in vivo. Here we review the developments in cancer stem cells and the markers that have been found for these cells.
MeSH term(s)	Adult Stem Cells/transplantation ; Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism ; Male ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/physiology
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor ; Hyaluronan Receptors
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2213179-6
ISSN	1558-6804 ; 1550-8943
ISSN (online)	1558-6804
ISSN	1550-8943
DOI	10.1007/s12015-007-9002-0
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Zs.A 6198: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway sensitises human colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil treatment.

Yang, Shi Yu / Miah, Anur / Sales, Kevin M / Fuller, Barry / Seifalian, Alexander M / Winslet, Marc

International journal of oncology

2011 Volume 38, Issue 6, Page(s) 1695–1702

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapeutic regimes have been the mainstay of systemic treatment for disseminated colorectal cancer for many years. However, ... ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapeutic regimes have been the mainstay of systemic treatment for disseminated colorectal cancer for many years. However, it only produces a 25% response rate due to the drug-resistance. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is involved in the anti-apoptotic process; its activation provides cancer cells with a survival advantage to escape the apoptotic challenge. This study assessed whether the p38 MAPK pathway is involved in 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer cells. 5-FU only or 5-FU combined with a p38 MAPK pathway inhibitor (SB203580) was used to treat 5-FU-resistant colorectal cancer cells. The effect of the treatment on cell viability, death and caspase activities was assessed. Western blotting was used to investigate the responses of apoptosis-related proteins following the treatment. Results showed that p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly increased colorectal cancer cell sensitivity to 5-FU. SB203580 in combination with 5-FU significantly reduced cell viability (P<0.01), and increased cell death and cellular caspase activity (P<0.01). Western blotting data revealed that SB203580 sensitises cancer cells to 5-FU due to an increase in Bax expression. These findings suggest that p38 MAPK is involved in cancer cell survival, and that the inhibition of p38 MAPK can enhance 5-FU to kill colorectal cancer cells.
MeSH term(s)	Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Fluorouracil/pharmacology ; HCT116 Cells ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
Chemical Substances	Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Fluorouracil (U3P01618RT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-06
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1154403-x
ISSN	1791-2423 ; 1019-6439
ISSN (online)	1791-2423
ISSN	1019-6439
DOI	10.3892/ijo.2011.982
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Zs.A 3690: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Pretreatment with insulin-like growth factor I protects skeletal muscle cells against oxidative damage via PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways.

Yang, Shi Yu / Hoy, Michael / Fuller, Barry / Sales, Kevin M / Seifalian, Alexander M / Winslet, Marc C

Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology

2010 Volume 90, Issue 3, Page(s) 391–401

Abstract: Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of many muscle diseases. The major contributors to oxidative stress in muscle tissue are reactive oxygen species such as oxygen ions, free radicals, and peroxides. Insulin-like growth factor I ( ... ...

Abstract	Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathogenesis of many muscle diseases. The major contributors to oxidative stress in muscle tissue are reactive oxygen species such as oxygen ions, free radicals, and peroxides. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been shown to increase muscle mass and promote muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. We, therefore, hypothesized that IGF-I might also be cytoprotective for muscle cells during oxidative stress. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was used to induce oxidative stress/damage in two types of skeletal muscle cells. Apoptotic pathways were assessed after the oxidative damage and the effects of IGF-I on oxidative stress in muscle cells were examined. Different IGF-I sub-pathways were analyzed with measurement of the expression of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins. It was found that H(2)O(2) diminishes muscle cell viability and induces a caspase-independent apoptotic cell death. Pretreatment with IGF-I protects muscle cells from H(2)O(2)-induced cell death and enhances muscle cells survival. This effect appears to result from the promotion of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2. Further investigation shows that protection is via an IGF-I sub-pathway: PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways. Protecting muscle cells from oxidative damage presents a potential application in the treatment of the muscle wasting, which appears in many muscle pathologies including Duchenne muscle dystrophy and sarcopenia.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Recombinant Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6) ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V) ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80178-1
ISSN	1530-0307 ; 0023-6837
ISSN (online)	1530-0307
ISSN	0023-6837
DOI	10.1038/labinvest.2009.139
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Article ; Online: Haemodynamic regulation of gene expression in vascular tissue engineering.

Vara, Dina S / Punshon, Geoffrey / Sales, Kevin M / Hamilton, George / Seifalian, Alexander M

Current vascular pharmacology

2010 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 167–187

Abstract: Synthetic grafts, namely expanded polytetrafluoroethlene (ePTFE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Dacron), used for cardiovascular bypass surgery are thrombogenic. Lining the inner lumen ("seeding") of synthetic grafts with endothelial cells (ECs) ... ...

Abstract	Synthetic grafts, namely expanded polytetrafluoroethlene (ePTFE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Dacron), used for cardiovascular bypass surgery are thrombogenic. Lining the inner lumen ("seeding") of synthetic grafts with endothelial cells (ECs) increases patency rates similar to those of autologous grafts (e.g. saphenous vein). The major drawback with seeding grafts is the retention of cells present on the graft after implantation in vivo, where large portions of cell wash off. Preconditioning the seeded EC monolayer with shear stress has been shown to promote the reorganisation of the EC cytoskeleton and production of extracellular matrix, resulting in higher EC retention after exposure to blood flow. Vascular ECs have a number of essential and complex roles. ECs synthesise and secrete vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, growth factors, fibrinolytic factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, matrix proteins and mitogens that modulate many physiological processes such as wound healing, hemostasis, vascular remodelling, inflammatory and immune responses. Vascular cells in vivo are exposed to hemodynamic forces created by the pulsatile flow of blood through the vessel. Due to their unique anatomical position, ECs are constantly exposed to shear stress forces and allow the vessel wall to adapt to changes by modulating EC structure and function. This review describes the mainly in vitro and in vivo studies used to define the molecular role hemodynamics have in vascular disease and its usage in developing tissue engineered vascular bypass grafts.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Graft Survival/drug effects ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology ; Tissue Engineering/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-05-05
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2192362-0
ISSN	1875-6212 ; 1570-1611
ISSN (online)	1875-6212
ISSN	1570-1611
DOI	10.2174/157016111794519390
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Article: Addressing thrombogenicity in vascular graft construction.

Sarkar, Sandip / Sales, Kevin M / Hamilton, George / Seifalian, Alexander M

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials

2006 Volume 82, Issue 1, Page(s) 100–108

Abstract: Thrombosis is a major cause of poor patency in synthetic vascular grafts for small diameter vessel (< 6 mm) bypass. Arteries have a host of structural mechanisms by which they prevent triggering of platelet activation and the clotting cascade. Many of ... ...

Abstract	Thrombosis is a major cause of poor patency in synthetic vascular grafts for small diameter vessel (< 6 mm) bypass. Arteries have a host of structural mechanisms by which they prevent triggering of platelet activation and the clotting cascade. Many of these are present in vascular endothelial cells. These mechanisms act together with perpetual feedback at different levels, providing a constantly fine-tuned non-thrombogenic environment. The arterial wall anatomy also serves to promote thrombosis as a healing mechanism when it has been severely injured. Surface modification of synthetic graft surfaces to attenuate the coagulation cascade has reduced thrombosis levels and improved patency in vitro and in animal models. Success in this endeavor is critically dependent on the methods used to modify the surface. Platelets adhere to positively charged surfaces due to their own negative charge. They also preferentially attach to hydrophobic surfaces. Therefore synthetic graft development is concerned with hydrophilic materials with negative surface charge. However, fibrinogen has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic binding sites-amphiphilic materials reduce its adhesion and subsequent platelet activation. The self-endothelializing synthetic graft is an attractive proposition as a confluent endothelial layer incorporates many of the anti-thrombogenic properties of arteries. Surface modification to promote this has shown good results in animal models. The difficulties experienced in achieving spontaneous endothelialisation in humans have lead to the investigation of pre-implantation in vitro endothelial cell seeding. These approaches ultimately aim to result in novel synthetic grafts which are anti-thrombogenic and hence suitable for coronary and distal infrainguinal bypass.
MeSH term(s)	Arteries/cytology ; Blood Coagulation/physiology ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis/adverse effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Surface Properties ; Thrombosis/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-11-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2099992-6
ISSN	1552-4981 ; 1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
ISSN (online)	1552-4981
ISSN	1552-4973 ; 0021-9304
DOI	10.1002/jbm.b.30710
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Zs.A 6196: Show issues

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Article ; Online: IGF-I activates caspases 3/7, 8 and 9 but does not induce cell death in colorectal cancer cells.

Yang, Shi Yu / Bolvin, Capucine / Sales, Kevin M / Fuller, Barry / Seifalian, Alexander M / Winslet, Marc C

BMC cancer

2009 Volume 9, Page(s) 158

Abstract: Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the western world. Chemotherapy is often ineffective to treat the advanced colorectal cancers due to the chemo-resistance. A major contributor to chemo-resistance is tumour-derived ... ...

Abstract	Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the western world. Chemotherapy is often ineffective to treat the advanced colorectal cancers due to the chemo-resistance. A major contributor to chemo-resistance is tumour-derived inhibition or avoidance of apoptosis. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has been known to play a prominent role in colorectal cancer development and progression. The role of IGF-I in cancer cell apoptosis is not completely understood. Methods: Using three colorectal cancer cell lines and one muscle cell line, associations between IGF-I and activities of caspase 3/7, 8 and 9 have been examined; the role of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) in the caspase activation has been investigated. Results: The results show that exogenous IGF-I significantly increases activity of caspases 3/7, 8 and 9 in all cell lines used; blocking IGF-I receptor reduce IGF-I-induced caspase activation. Further studies demonstrate that IGF-I induced caspase activation does not result in cell death. This is the first report to show that while IGF-I activates caspases 3/7, 8 and 9 it does not cause colorectal cancer cell death. Conclusion: The study suggests that caspase activation is not synonymous with apoptosis and that activation of caspases may not necessarily induce cell death.
MeSH term(s)	Apoptosis/drug effects ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Growth Processes/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; HCT116 Cells ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; Isoenzymes ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Isoenzymes ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (67763-96-6) ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1471-2407
ISSN (online)	1471-2407
DOI	10.1186/1471-2407-9-158
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Article: Apoptosis and colorectal cancer: implications for therapy.

Yang, Shi Yu / Sales, Kevin M / Fuller, Barry / Seifalian, Alexander M / Winslet, Marc C

Trends in molecular medicine

2009 Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 225–233

Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by the partial suppression of apoptosis, which in turn gives tumours a selective advantage for survival and can cause current chemotherapy approaches to be ineffective. Recent progress in understanding the ... ...

Abstract	Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by the partial suppression of apoptosis, which in turn gives tumours a selective advantage for survival and can cause current chemotherapy approaches to be ineffective. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of apoptosis in colorectal carcinogenesis has provided potential new targets for therapy. Here, we review recent studies of the regulation of apoptosis and its role in CRC initiation and progression, and we discuss the relationship between chemoresistance and the suppression of apoptosis. Recent progress in targeting apoptotic pathways and their regulators provide strategies for the exploration of novel therapies for CRC.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Disease Progression ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2036490-8
ISSN	1471-499X ; 1471-4914
ISSN (online)	1471-499X
ISSN	1471-4914
DOI	10.1016/j.molmed.2009.03.003
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Article ; Online: In vitro small intestinal epithelial cell growth on a nanocomposite polycaprolactone scaffold.

Gupta, Ashish / Vara, Dina S / Punshon, Geoffrey / Sales, Kevin M / Winslet, Marc C / Seifalian, Alexander M

Biotechnology and applied biochemistry

2009 Volume 54, Issue 4, Page(s) 221–229

Abstract: Tissue engineering of the small intestine remains experimental despite worldwide attempts to develop a functional substitute for short bowel syndrome. Most published studies have reported predominant use of PLLA (poly-L-lactide acid)/PGA (polyglycolic ... ...

Abstract	Tissue engineering of the small intestine remains experimental despite worldwide attempts to develop a functional substitute for short bowel syndrome. Most published studies have reported predominant use of PLLA (poly-L-lactide acid)/PGA (polyglycolic acid) copolymer as the scaffold material, and studies have been limited by in vivo experiments. This lack of progress has inspired a fresh perspective and provoked further investigation and development in this field of tissue engineering. In the present paper, we exploit a relatively new nanocomposite of POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) and PCL [poly(caprolactone-urea)urethane] as a material to develop porous scaffolds using a solvent casting/particulate leaching technique to fabricate porous scaffolds in different pore sizes and porosities. Scaffolds were characterized for pore morphology and porosity using scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography. Rat intestinal epithelial cells were then seeded on to the polymer scaffolds for an in vitro study of cell compatibility and proliferation, which was assessed by Alamar Blue and lactate dehydrogenase assays performed for 21 days post-seeding. The results obtained demonstrate that POSS-PCL nanocomposite was produced as a macroporous scaffold with porosity over the range of 40-80% and pore size over the range of 150-250 microm. This scaffold was shown to support epithelial cell proliferation and growth. In conclusion, as a further step in investigating small intestinal tissue engineering, the nanocomposite employed in this study may prove to be a useful alternative to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) in the future.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/enzymology ; Intestine, Small/cytology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis ; Materials Testing ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nanocomposites/chemistry ; Organosilicon Compounds/chemistry ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Porosity ; Rats ; Tissue Engineering/methods ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Organosilicon Compounds ; Polyesters ; trisilanolisobutyl-POSS ; polycaprolactone (24980-41-4) ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	883433-7
ISSN	1470-8744 ; 0885-4513
ISSN (online)	1470-8744
ISSN	0885-4513
DOI	10.1042/BA20090214
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