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  1. Article ; Online: Intracranial Mass Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in the Philippines: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

    Omar, Abdelsimar T / Nepomuceno, Marisse J / Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Chua, Annabell E

    World neurosurgery

    2020  Volume 145, Page(s) e149–e154

    Abstract: Background: Central nervous system involvement is commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with up to 2%-10% of patients presenting with intracranial mass lesions. The management of these lesions depends largely on ... ...

    Abstract Background: Central nervous system involvement is commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, with up to 2%-10% of patients presenting with intracranial mass lesions. The management of these lesions depends largely on their etiology and their relative frequency in the local population.
    Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with HIV and evidence of intracranial mass lesions on cranial magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography from 2007 to 2018. Demographic data, clinical features, etiology, surgical management, and outcomes were collected.
    Results: The prevalence of intracranial mass lesions in our cohort was 2.2% (45/2032). Patients were predominantly male (98%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 28 years. The most common clinical manifestations were headache (75%), focal weakness (49%), and seizures (32%). The most common diagnoses were toxoplasmic encephalitis (51%) and tuberculosis (24%). Biopsy or excision was performed in 10% of cases, leading to a definitive diagnosis in 60% of these cases. A favorable outcome was observed in 58% of all patients at 46 months median follow-up, with adequate disease-specific treatment.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of intracranial mass lesions in Filipino patients with HIV is 2.2%. The most common etiology was toxoplasmic encephalitis followed by tuberculosis. These findings are substantially different from other findings reported in the literature and should be considered in formulating guidelines for the Filipino population.
    MeSH term(s) AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology ; Adult ; Brain Diseases/epidemiology ; Brain Diseases/immunology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Male ; Philippines ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.141
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: HIV-1 Subtype Shift in the Philippines is Associated With High Transmitted Drug Resistance, High Viral Loads, and Fast Immunologic Decline.

    Salvaña, Edsel Maurice T / Dungca, Niña Theresa / Arevalo, Geraldine / Li, Kingbherly / Francisco, Christian / Penalosa, Christine / Dela Tonga, Angelo / Leyritana, Katerina / Solante, Rontgene / Tactacan-Abrenica, Rosario Jessica / Lim, Jodor / Alejandria, Marissa / Palaypayon, Noel / Schwem, Brian

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2022  Volume 122, Page(s) 936–943

    Abstract: Objectives: The Philippines has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world. A subtype shift from B to CRF01_AE may have contributed to the increase in cases. We undertook a genotyping and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) study to determine ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: The Philippines has one of the fastest growing HIV epidemics in the world. A subtype shift from B to CRF01_AE may have contributed to the increase in cases. We undertook a genotyping and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) study to determine if the dominant subtype has any advantages in resistance and transmission.
    Methods: Filipinos who were treatment-naive who were living with HIV were recruited from two large government treatment hubs from March 2016 to August 2018. HIV-1 viral load, CD4 count, genotyping, and TDR testing were performed. Demographic and clinical data were collected and compared across subtypes.
    Results: A total of 298 Filipinos living with HIV were recruited. Median CD4 count was 143 cells/µl and HIV viral load was 2,345,431 copies/ml. Sanger-based sequencing showed 230/298 (77.2%) had subtype CRF01_AE, 41 (13.8%) subtype B, and the rest had other subtypes or recombinants. Overall TDR was 11.7%. TDR was associated with lower viral loads and no previous HIV testing. CRF01_AE had a higher likelihood of a viral load >100,000 copies/ml and having a baseline CD4 count <50 cells/mm
    Conclusion: TDR in the Philippines is high at 11.7%. CRF01_AE was observed to have a higher baseline viral load and lower CD4 counts compared with other cocirculating subtypes. Further research needs to confirm this observation because it suggests that CRF01_AE may have a survival advantage that led to replacement of subtype B as the dominant subtype. Drug resistance testing is recommended in the Philippines when initiating NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy but may not be necessary for INSTI-based regimens.
    MeSH term(s) Drug Resistance ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Philippines/epidemiology ; Viral Load
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Images in clinical medicine. Patent ductus arteriosus in an elderly man.

    Salvana, Edsel Maurice T

    The New England journal of medicine

    2006  Volume 354, Issue 23, Page(s) 2484

    MeSH term(s) Cardiac Catheterization ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/complications ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/diagnostic imaging ; Heart Failure/etiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-06-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMicm050276
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Lactobacillus endocarditis: case report and review of cases reported since 1992.

    Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Frank, Michael

    The Journal of infection

    2006  Volume 53, Issue 1, Page(s) e5–e10

    Abstract: Lactobacillus is a rare cause of endocarditis with only 78 reported cases in the literature. We report a case of Lactobacillus endocarditis and review reported adult cases since the introduction of the Duke's criteria for endocarditis. An analysis is ... ...

    Abstract Lactobacillus is a rare cause of endocarditis with only 78 reported cases in the literature. We report a case of Lactobacillus endocarditis and review reported adult cases since the introduction of the Duke's criteria for endocarditis. An analysis is presented with a focus on outcomes. Mortality from reported cases of Lactobacillus endocarditis was found to have substantially improved since 1992. Surgical rates for persistent disease remain the same. Possible reasons for this improvement include better antibiotics, earlier recognition of cases, and more aggressive treatment regimens.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteremia/microbiology ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology ; Female ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; Lactobacillus acidophilus/isolation & purification ; Middle Aged
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 424417-5
    ISSN 1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
    ISSN (online) 1532-2742
    ISSN 0163-4453
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.10.005
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The changing molecular epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines.

    Salvaña, Edsel Maurice T / Schwem, Brian E / Ching, Patrick R / Frost, Simon D W / Ganchua, Sharie Keanne C / Itable, Jill R

    International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

    2017  Volume 61, Page(s) 44–50

    Abstract: Background: The Philippines has one of the fastest-growing HIV epidemics in the world. Possible reasons for this include increased testing, increased local transmission, and possibly more aggressive strains of HIV. This study sought to determine whether ...

    Abstract Background: The Philippines has one of the fastest-growing HIV epidemics in the world. Possible reasons for this include increased testing, increased local transmission, and possibly more aggressive strains of HIV. This study sought to determine whether local molecular subtypes of HIV have changed.
    Methods: Viruses from 81 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive HIV patients were genotyped using protease and reverse transcriptase genes. Demographic characteristics and CD4 count data were collected.
    Results: The cohort had an average age of 29 years (range 19-51 years), CD4+ count of 255 cells/mm
    Conclusions: The molecular epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines has changed, with the more aggressive CRF01_AE now being the predominant subtype.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cohort Studies ; Genotype ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Philippines/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06-21
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1331197-9
    ISSN 1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
    ISSN (online) 1878-3511
    ISSN 1201-9712
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.05.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Infectious complications associated with monoclonal antibodies and related small molecules.

    Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Salata, Robert A

    Clinical microbiology reviews

    2009  Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 274–90, Table of Contents

    Abstract: Biologics are increasingly becoming part of routine disease management. As more agents are developed, the challenge of keeping track of indications and side effects is growing. While biologics represent a milestone in targeted and specific therapy, they ... ...

    Abstract Biologics are increasingly becoming part of routine disease management. As more agents are developed, the challenge of keeping track of indications and side effects is growing. While biologics represent a milestone in targeted and specific therapy, they are not without drawbacks, and the judicious use of these "magic bullets" is essential if their full potential is to be realized. Infectious complications in particular are not an uncommon side effect of therapy, whether as a direct consequence of the agent or because of the underlying disease process. With this in mind, we have reviewed and summarized the risks of infection and the infectious disease-related complications for all FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies and some related small molecules, and we discuss the probable mechanisms involved in immunosuppression as well as recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of specific disease entities.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Infections/drug therapy ; Infections/etiology ; Lung Diseases/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy ; Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645015-5
    ISSN 1098-6618 ; 0893-8512
    ISSN (online) 1098-6618
    ISSN 0893-8512
    DOI 10.1128/CMR.00040-08
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Schistosomiasis in travelers and immigrants.

    Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / King, Charles H

    Current infectious disease reports

    2008  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 42–49

    Abstract: Schistosomiasis is caused by trematode parasites of one of five species, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum, or Schistosoma mekongi, acquired via skin contact with fresh water containing ... ...

    Abstract Schistosomiasis is caused by trematode parasites of one of five species, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma intercalatum, or Schistosoma mekongi, acquired via skin contact with fresh water containing infectious larval cercariae. Between 1 and 8 weeks after exposure, acute schistosomiasis presents as dermatitis, fever, fatigue, or eosinophilia. If untreated, long-term infection may cause anemia or undernutrition and may progress to liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, or hydronephrosis. Schistosomiasis represents a threat to residents and visitors in all endemic areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. Travelers should be made aware of infection risk if they become exposed to untreated fresh water. New immigrants and those returning to high-risk areas to visit friends and family should be screened for signs and symptoms of acute and chronic schistosomiasis. Physicians caring for travelers and immigrants must be familiar with the signs and symptoms of schistosomiasis and must be able to diagnose and treat it correctly.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019948-X
    ISSN 1534-3146 ; 1523-3847
    ISSN (online) 1534-3146
    ISSN 1523-3847
    DOI 10.1007/s11908-008-0009-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Contamination of a blood culture with Shigella sonnei.

    Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Wendt, Julia / Jacobs, Michael R

    American journal of infection control

    2008  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 227–228

    MeSH term(s) Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bacteremia/diagnosis ; Blood/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Klebsiella/isolation & purification ; Shigella sonnei/isolation & purification ; Specimen Handling ; Urine/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 392362-9
    ISSN 1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
    ISSN (online) 1527-3296
    ISSN 0196-6553
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Solicitation of deceased and living organ donors.

    Domingo, Angela F / Salvana, Edsel Maurice T

    The New England journal of medicine

    2007  Volume 356, Issue 23, Page(s) 2427–9; author reply 2427–9

    MeSH term(s) Advertising as Topic/ethics ; Commerce ; Directed Tissue Donation/economics ; Directed Tissue Donation/ethics ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Living Donors/ethics ; Philippines ; Tissue and Organ Procurement/economics ; Tissue and Organ Procurement/ethics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-06-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT) infection: an emerging disease in infliximab-treated patients.

    Salvana, Edsel Maurice T / Cooper, Gregory S / Salata, Robert A

    The Journal of infection

    2007  Volume 55, Issue 6, Page(s) 484–487

    Abstract: Objectives: Infliximab has revolutionized treatment of rheumatologic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. However, it increases the risk of tuberculosis. Less is known about the development of Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT) infection. ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Infliximab has revolutionized treatment of rheumatologic diseases and inflammatory bowel disease. However, it increases the risk of tuberculosis. Less is known about the development of Mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT) infection. We review the literature on non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in infliximab-treated patients and report the first case of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in an infliximab-treated patient complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.
    Methods and results: MEDLINE search with the keywords mycobacteria and infliximab revealed four cases of MOTT in patients treated with infliximab: fatal Mycobacterium peregrinum pneumonia in a patient with polymyositis and dermatomyositis; a patient with rheumatoid arthritis with skin and soft tissue infection with Mycobacterium abscessus; Mycobacterium fortuitum in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis; and a case of pulmonary MAC without dissemination. Review of US data from 1998 to 2002 published by Wallis et al. revealed that out of more than 233,000 patients treated with infliximab, 30 developed unspecified mycobacterial species infection. No further data was available regarding these cases.
    Conclusion: MOTT infection is a rare but emerging complication of infliximab therapy. MOTT cases tend to progress rapidly in infliximab-treated patients and withdrawal of infliximab therapy can result in immune reconstitution.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects ; Humans ; Infliximab ; Mycobacterium/drug effects ; Mycobacterium Infections/drug therapy ; Mycobacterium Infections/immunology ; Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy ; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antirheumatic Agents ; Infliximab (B72HH48FLU)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 424417-5
    ISSN 1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
    ISSN (online) 1532-2742
    ISSN 0163-4453
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2007.08.007
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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