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  1. Article ; Online: Resurgence of human respiratory syncytial virus during COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil.

    Fröhlich, Guilherme C / Gregianini, Tatiana S / Pinheiro, Felipe G / Nascimento, Rodrigo / Cezar, Thiago M / Pscheidt, Veridiane M / Selayaran, Tainá / Martins, Letícia G / Gomes, Marcelo Ferreira da Costa / Salvato, Richard S / Pereira, Elisa C / Guimarães-Ribeiro, Victor / Scalioni, Letícia de Paula / Siqueira, Marilda M / Resende, Paola C / Veiga, Ana B G

    Journal of medical virology

    2024  Volume 96, Issue 3, Page(s) e29551

    Abstract: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory infection in humans. Severe cases are common in children ≤2 years old, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. In 2020, RSV infection reduced in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), ... ...

    Abstract Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory infection in humans. Severe cases are common in children ≤2 years old, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. In 2020, RSV infection reduced in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil; however, in 2021 resurgence of RSV was observed. This study analyzed epidemiological and genetic features of RSV infection cases reported in 2021 in RS. Nasopharyngeal samples collected from individuals with respiratory infection negative for SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A and B viruses were assessed for the presence of RSV by real time RT-qPCR. RSV-A and RSV-B genomic sequencing and phylogenetic reconstructions were performed for genotyping and clade characterization. Among 21,035 respiratory samples analyzed, 2,947 were positive for RSV, 947 of which were hospitalized patients. Positive cases were detected year-round, with the highest number in June-July (winter). Children <1 year comprised 56.28% (n = 533) of the hospitalized patients infected with RSV, whereas 14.46% (n = 137) were individuals >60 years. Of a total of 361 deaths, 14.68% (n = 53) were RSV positive, mostly patients >60 years old (73.58%, n = 39). Chronic kidney disease, cardiopathy, Down syndrome and neurological diseases were associated with RSV infection. RSV-A was identified in 58.5% (n = 117/200) of the patients, and RSV-B in 41.5% (n = 83/200). Of 95 RSV genomes recovered from SARI cases, 66 were RSV-A GA.2.3.5 genotype, while 29 were RSV-B GB.5.0.5a genotype. This study provides epidemiological and molecular data on RSV cases in RS during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights that investigation of different respiratory viruses is essential for decision-making and disease prevention and control measures.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Aged ; Child, Preschool ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.29551
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Introduction, Dispersal, and Predominance of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: A Retrospective Analysis.

    Y Castro, Thaís Regina / Piccoli, Bruna C / Vieira, Andressa A / Casarin, Bruna C / Tessele, Luíza F / Salvato, Richard S / Gregianini, Tatiana S / Martins, Leticia G / Resende, Paola Cristina / Pereira, Elisa C / Moreira, Filipe R R / de Jesus, Jaqueline G / Seerig, Ana Paula / Lobato, Marcos Antonio O / de Campos, Marli M A / Goularte, Juliana S / da Silva, Mariana S / Demoliner, Meriane / Filippi, Micheli /
    Pereira, Vyctoria M A Góes / Schwarzbold, Alexandre V / Spilki, Fernando R / Trindade, Priscila A

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 12

    Abstract: Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the virus' fitness, leading to the emergence of variants of concern (VOC). In Brazil, the Gamma variant dominated the pandemic in the first half of 2021, and from June onwards, the first cases of Delta ... ...

    Abstract Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the virus' fitness, leading to the emergence of variants of concern (VOC). In Brazil, the Gamma variant dominated the pandemic in the first half of 2021, and from June onwards, the first cases of Delta infection were documented. Here, we investigate the introduction and dispersal of the Delta variant in the RS state by sequencing 1077 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples from June to October 2021. Of these samples, 34.7% were identified as Gamma and 65.3% as Delta. Notably, 99.2% of Delta sequences were clustered within the 21J lineage, forming a significant Brazilian clade. The estimated clock rate was 5.97 × 10
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11122938
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  3. Article ; Online: Incipient parallel evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron variant in South Brazil

    Sant Anna, Fernando H / Andreis, Tiago F / Salvato, Richard S / Muterle, Ana P / Comerlato, Juliana / Gregianini, Tatiana S / Barcellos, Regina B / Godinho, Fernanda M / Resende, Paola C / Wallau, Gabriel L / Castro, Thais R / Casarin, Bruna C / Vieira, Andressa A / Schwarzbold, Alexandre V / Trindade, Priscila A / Giannini, Gabriela LT / Freese, Luana / Bristot, Giovana / Brasil, Carolina S /
    Rocha, Bruna O / Martins, Paloma B / Oliveira, Francine H / Oosterhout, Cock v / Wendland, Eliana

    bioRxiv

    Abstract: With the coexistence of multiple lineages and increased international travel, recombination and gene flow are likely to become increasingly important in the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2. This could result in the incipient parallel evolution of ... ...

    Abstract With the coexistence of multiple lineages and increased international travel, recombination and gene flow are likely to become increasingly important in the adaptive evolution of SARS-CoV-2. This could result in the incipient parallel evolution of multiple recombinant lineages. However, identifying recombinant lineages is challenging, and the true extent of recombinant evolution in SARS-CoV-2 may be underestimated. This study describes the first SARS-CoV-2 Deltacron recombinant case identified in Brazil. We demonstrate that the recombination breakpoint is at the beginning of Spike gene (S). The 59 genome portion (circa 22 kb) resembles the AY.101 lineage (VOC Delta), and the 39 genome portion (circa 8 kb nucleotides) is most similar to the BA.1.1 lineage (VOC Omicron). Furthermore, evolutionary genomic analyses indicate that the new strain emerged after a single recombination event between lineages of diverse geographical locations in December 2021 in South Brazil. This Deltacron, named AYBA-RS, is one out of almost 30 recombinants described this year. The submission of only four sequences in the GISAID database suggests that this Brazilian lineage had a minor epidemiological impact. On the other hand, the recent emergence of this and various other Deltacron recombinant lineages (i.e., XD, XF, and XS) suggests that gene flow and recombination may play an increasingly important role in the COVID-19 pandemic. We explain the evolutionary and population genetic theory that support this assertion, and we conclude that this stresses the need for continued genomic and epidemiological surveillance. This is particularly important for countries where multiple variants are present, as well as for countries that receive significant inbound international travel.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2022.10.06.511203
    Database COVID19

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