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Article ; Online: “ A Tale of Two Cities ”

Giuseppe Palmiero / Enrico Melillo / Antonino Salvatore Rubino

Medicina, Vol 55, Iss 8, p

Anticoagulation Management in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Prosthetic Valves in the Era of Direct Oral Anticoagulants

2019 Volume 437

Abstract: Valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation often coexist. Oral vitamin K antagonists have represented the main anticoagulation management for antithrombotic prevention in this setting for decades. Novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are a new ... ...

Abstract	Valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation often coexist. Oral vitamin K antagonists have represented the main anticoagulation management for antithrombotic prevention in this setting for decades. Novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are a new class of drugs and currently, due to their well-established efficacy and security, they represent the main therapeutic option in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Some new evidences are exploring the role of DOACs in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (mechanical and biological prosthetic valves). In this review we explore the data available in the medical literature to establish the actual role of DOACs in patients with valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation.
Keywords	novel oral anticoagulants ; prosthetic valve replacement ; atrial fibrillation ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Genomic Snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 in Migrants Entering Through Mediterranean Sea Routes

Nicole Grandi / Bianca Paglietti / Roberto Cusano / Gabriele Ibba / Vincenzo Lai / Claudia Piu / Flavia Angioj / Caterina Serra / David J. Kelvin / Enzo Tramontano / Salvatore Rubino

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2022 Volume 10

Abstract: In December 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, rapidly spreading into a global pandemic. Italy was the first European country to experience SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and one of the most severely affected during the first wave of diffusion. In ... ...

Abstract	In December 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, rapidly spreading into a global pandemic. Italy was the first European country to experience SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, and one of the most severely affected during the first wave of diffusion. In contrast to the general restriction of people movements in Europe, the number of migrants arriving at Italian borders via the Mediterranean Sea route in the summer of 2020 had increased dramatically, representing a possible, uncontrolled source for the introduction of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Importantly, most of the migrants came from African countries showing limited SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological surveillance. In this study, we characterized the SARS-CoV-2 genome isolated from an asymptomatic migrant arrived in Sardinia via the Mediterranean route in September 2020, in comparison with SARS-CoV-2 isolates arrived in Sicily through the Libyan migration route; with SARS-CoV-2 isolates circulating in Sardinia during 2020; and with viral genomes reported in African countries during the same summer. Results showed that our sequence is not phylogenetically related to isolates from migrants arriving in Sicily, nor to isolates circulating in Sardinia territory, having greater similarity to SARS-CoV-2 genomes reported in countries known for being sites of migrant embarkation to Italy. This is in line with the hypothesis that most SARS-CoV-2 infections among migrants have been acquired prior to embarking to Italy, possibly during the travel to or the stay in crowded Libyan immigrant camps. Overall, these observations underline the importance of dedicated SARS-CoV-2 surveillance of migrants arriving in Italy and in Europe through the Mediterranean routes.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; coronavirus pandemic ; migrants ; Libyan route ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Emerging Clinical Features of COVID-19 Related Pancreatitis

Vito Fiore / Rosalba Beretta / Andrea De Vito / Aleksandra Barac / Ivana Maida / David David Joeseph Kelvin / Claudia Piu / Vincenzo Lai / Giordano Madeddu / Salvatore Rubino / Goran Stevanovic / Stefan Korica / Sergio Babudieri

Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

Case Reports and Review of the Literature

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 is fundamentally a respiratory pathogen with a wide spectrum of symptoms. The COVID-19 related pancreatitis is less considered than other clinical features. The purpose is to describe two cases of pancreatitis associated with COVID- ...

Abstract	IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 is fundamentally a respiratory pathogen with a wide spectrum of symptoms. The COVID-19 related pancreatitis is less considered than other clinical features. The purpose is to describe two cases of pancreatitis associated with COVID-19.MethodologyPatients' demographics, clinical features, laboratory, and instrumental findings were collected.ResultsTwo patients admitted to the hospital were diagnosed with COVID-19 and severe acute pancreatitis, according to the Atlanta criteria. Other causes of acute pancreatitis were excluded. Treatment included broad-spectrum antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and low molecular weight heparin. Steroids, oxygen, antifungal treatment, and pain killers were administered when appropriate. Both patients were asymptomatic, with normal vital parameters and blood exams, and were discharged in a good condition.ConclusionIt is recommendable to include lipase and amylase on laboratory routine tests in order to evaluate the need for the abdominal CT-scan and specific therapy before hospital admission of the patients with COVID-19 related life-threatening acute pancreatitis.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; severe pancreatitis ; angiotensin-converting enzyme ; acute ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: An exceptional case report of disseminated cryptococcosis in a hitherto immunocompetent patient

Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic / Muge Cevik / Jasmina Poluga / Jelena Micic / Salvatore Rubino / Bianca Paglietti / Aleksandra Barac

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Vol

2020 Volume 62

Abstract: ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection causes significant disease predominantly in immunocompromised patients. Here we present an excepcional case of disseminated cryptococcosis with pulmonary and cerebral involvement in an ... ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection causes significant disease predominantly in immunocompromised patients. Here we present an excepcional case of disseminated cryptococcosis with pulmonary and cerebral involvement in an immunocompetent patient with no apparent predisposing factors at the time of hospital admission. We described a case of an apparently immunocompetent 66-years old man admitted to hospital with a one-month history of cough, fever and vertigo. During hospitalization, thorax imaging was suggestive of lung metastasis, therefore, he went through several investigations. During hospitalization, he developed neurological symptoms and subsequently underwent a lumbar puncture. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive for Cryptococcus spp. isolated on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and bird seed agar. In addition, the direct microscopy examination was positive for the India ink test, as well as with the latex agglutination test for cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen (CrAg) in CSF, while serum CrAg was negative. Despite the absence of classic immunocompromising features, he was treated with amphotericin B and fluconazole due to suspected disseminated cryptococcal infection. Later, he was diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Upon successful completion of treatment for disseminated cryptococcosis, the patient underwent radical prostate ablation surgery as a treatment forprostatic adenocarcinoma. This exceptional case emphasizes the high degree of suspicion of atypical infections, and in these cases, it is particularly important to consider fungal infections in hitherto healthy patients with no apparent predisposing factors. Although Cryptococcus spp. is predominantly reported in patients with hematological malignancies, cryptococcosis investigation should also be considered as part of the initial workup of patients with a new diagnosis of a solid tumour prior to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Keywords	Cryptococcus ; Disseminated infection ; Malignancy ; Prostatic adenocarcinoma ; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universidade de São Paulo
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic

Carlo Contini / Mariachiara Di Nuzzo / Nicole Barp / Aurora Bonazza / Roberto De Giorgio / Mauro Tognon / Salvatore Rubino

An expected global health concern

2020

Abstract: 18 years ago, in 2002, the world was astonished by the appearance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), supported by a zoonotic coronavirus, called SARS-CoV, from the Guangdong Province of southern China. After about 10 years, in 2012, another ... ...

Abstract	18 years ago, in 2002, the world was astonished by the appearance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), supported by a zoonotic coronavirus, called SARS-CoV, from the Guangdong Province of southern China. After about 10 years, in 2012, another similar coronavirus triggered the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia. Both caused severe pneumonia killing 774 and 858 people with 8700 cases of confirmed infection for the former, and 2494 for the latter, causing significant economic losses. 8 years later, despite the MERS outbreak remaining in certain parts of the world, at the end of 2019, a new zoonotic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and responsible of coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), arose from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It spread rapidly and to date has killed 3,242 persons with more than 81,000 cases of infection in China and causing over 126,000 global cases and 5,414 deaths in 166 other countries around the world, especially Italy. SARS-CoV-2 would seem to have come from a bat, but the intermediate reservoir continues to be unknown. Nonetheless, as for SARS-CoV and MERS CoV, the Spillover effect linked to animal-human promiscuity, human activities including deforestation, illegal bush-trafficking and bushmeat, cannot be excluded. Recently, however, evidence of inter-human only transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been accumulated and thus, the outbreak seems to be spreading by human-to-human transmission throughout a large part of the world. Herein we will provide with an update on the main features of COVID-19 and suggest possible solutions how to halt the expansion of this novel pandemic.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Microbiology ; Parasitology ; Virology ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	Undetermined
Publishing date	2020-03-31
Publishing country	it
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Chaetomium atrobrunneum causing human eumycetoma

Najwa A Mhmoud / Antonella Santona / Maura Fiamma / Emmanuel Edwar Siddig / Massimo Deligios / Sahar Mubarak Bakhiet / Salvatore Rubino / Ahmed Hassan Fahal

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 5, p e

The first report.

2019 Volume 0007276

Abstract: In this communication, a case of black grain eumycetoma produced by the fungus C. atrobrunneum is reported. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with M. mycetomatis eumycetoma based on the grains' morphological and cytological features. However, ... ...

Abstract	In this communication, a case of black grain eumycetoma produced by the fungus C. atrobrunneum is reported. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with M. mycetomatis eumycetoma based on the grains' morphological and cytological features. However, further aerobic culture of the black grains generated a melanised fungus identified as C. atrobrunneum by conventional morphological methods and by internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. This is the first-ever report of C. atrobrunneum as a eumycetoma-causative organism of black grain eumycetoma. It is essential that the causative organism is identified to the species level, as this is important for proper patient management and to predict treatment outcome and prognosis.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains

Matthew Gavino Donadu / Yeimmy Peralta-Ruiz / Donatella Usai / Francesca Maggio / Junior Bernando Molina-Hernandez / Davide Rizzo / Francesco Bussu / Salvatore Rubino / Stefania Zanetti / Antonello Paparella / Clemencia Chaves-Lopez

Journal of Fungi, Vol 7, Iss 383, p

2021 Volume 383

Abstract: Drug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils ...

Abstract	Drug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils as an approach to improve the effectiveness of antifungal agents and to reduce antifungal resistance levels has been proposed. Our research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Colombian rue, Ruta graveolens , essential oil (REO) against clinical strains of Candida albicans , Candida parapsilopsis , Candida glabrata , and Candida tropicalis . Data obtained showed that C. tropicalis and C. albicans were the most sensitive strains showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4.1 and 8.2 µg/mL of REO. Time–kill kinetics assay demonstrated that REO showed a fungicidal effect against C. tropicalis and a fungistatic effect against C. albicans . In addition, an amount of 40% of the biofilm formed by C. albicans was eradicated using 8.2 µg/mL of REO after 1 h of exposure. The synergistic effect of REO together with some antifungal compounds was also investigated. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed synergic effects of REO combined with amphotericin B. REO Lead a disruption in the cellular membrane integrity, consequently resulting in increased intracellular leakage of the macromolecules, thus confirming that the plasma membrane is a target of the mode of action of REO against C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
Keywords	Candida spp ; innovative antifungals ; head neck cancer ; azole resistant ; Ruta graveolens ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Topical rifampicin for prevention of deep sternal wound infections in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Luca Salvatore De Santo / Antonino Salvatore Rubino / Michele Torella / Marisa De Feo / Viviana Galgano / Nicola Guarente / Emilio Mango / Leonardo Savarese / Francesco Iorio / Carlo Zebele

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 5

Abstract: Abstract Deep sternal wound infections (DSWI), although an infrequent complication, significantly impair postoperative outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Among several preventive strategies, topical antibiotic therapy ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Deep sternal wound infections (DSWI), although an infrequent complication, significantly impair postoperative outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Among several preventive strategies, topical antibiotic therapy immediately before sternal closure has been strongly advocated. In this retrospective analysis, the incidence of DSWI in 517 patients undergoing isolated CABG and receiving rifampicin irrigation of mediastinum, sternum and suprasternal tissues was compared to an historical consecutive cohort of 448 patients. To account for the inherent selection bias, a 1:1 propensity matched analysis was performed. Patients receiving topical rifampicin experienced significantly less occurrence of postoperative DSWI (0.2% vs 2.5%, p = 0.0016 in the unmatched analysis; 0.3% vs 2.1%, p = 0.0391 in the matched analysis). Intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, and operative mortality were similar between groups. This study shows that topical rifampicin in combination with commonly prescribed preventative strategies significantly reduces the incidence of DSWI to less than 0.3% in unselected patients undergoing a full median sternotomy for CABG. Further studies, including a larger number of patients and with a randomization design, would establish the potential preventative role of topical rifampicin in reducing the occurrence of DSWI.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: HCoV-NL63 and SARS-CoV-2 Share Recognized Epitopes by the Humoral Response in Sera of People Collected Pre- and during CoV-2 Pandemic

Elena Rita Simula / Maria Antonietta Manca / Seyedsomaye Jasemi / Sergio Uzzau / Salvatore Rubino / Pierangela Manchia / Angela Bitti / Mario Palermo / Leonardo A. Sechi

Microorganisms, Vol 8, Iss 1993, p

2020 Volume 1993

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause serious illness in older adults and people with chronic underlying medical conditions ... however, children and young people are often asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. We evaluated ... ...

Abstract	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause serious illness in older adults and people with chronic underlying medical conditions however, children and young people are often asymptomatic or with mild symptoms. We evaluated the presence of specific antibodies (Abs) response against Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) S protein epitopes (NL63-RBM1, NL63-RBM2_1, NL63-RBM2_2, NL63-RBM3, NL63-SPIKE 541–554 , and NL63-DISC-like) and SARS-CoV-2 epitopes (COV2-SPIKE 421–434 and COV2-SPIKE 742–759 ) in plasma samples of pre-pandemic, mid-pandemic, and COVID-19 cohorts by indirect ELISA. Moreover, a competitive assay was performed to check for cross reactivity response between COV2-SPIKE 421–434 and NL63-RBM3 among patients with a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Immune reaction against all SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 epitopes showed a significantly higher response in pre-pandemic patients compared to mid-pandemic patients. The results indicate that probably antibodies against HCoV-NL63 may be able to cross react with SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and the higher incidence in pre-pandemic was probably due to the timing of collection when a high incidence of HCoV-NL63 is reported. In addition, the competitive assay showed cross-reactivity between antibodies directed against COV2-SPIKE 421–434 and NL63-RBM3 peptides. Pre-existing HCoV -NL63 antibody response cross reacting with SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in both pre- and mid-pandemic individual, suggesting that previous exposure to HCoV-NL63 epitopes may produce antibodies which could confer a protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and probably reduce the severity of the disease.
Keywords	HCoV-NL63 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; epitopes ; antibodies ; competitive ELISA ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A novel broadly applicable PCR-RFLP method for rapid identification and subtyping of H58 Salmonella Typhi

Murgia, Manuela / Bianca Paglietti / John Wain / Rajni Gaind / Salvatore Rubino

Journal of microbiological methods. 2016 Aug., v. 127

2016

Abstract: Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), the human-adapted agent of typhoid fever, is genetically monomorphic. SNPs accumulation divided the S. Typhi population in 85 haplotypes (H) of which one, H58, has undergone a clonal expansion. The surveillance of H58 S. ... ...

Abstract	Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), the human-adapted agent of typhoid fever, is genetically monomorphic. SNPs accumulation divided the S. Typhi population in 85 haplotypes (H) of which one, H58, has undergone a clonal expansion. The surveillance of H58 S. Typhi is particularly important, especially in areas where typhoid fever is endemic. We developed a simple PCR and PCR-RFLP method to detect and subtype H58 S. Typhi based on the presence of genomic deletion and specific SNPs. The method was validated against 39 S. Typhi isolates of known haplotype, showing 100% of specificity and high sensitivity, and then used to screen a collection of 99 S. Typhi from Asia, demonstrating a high incidence of H58 S. Typhi in Jordan and India. Our method is designed to be applied in all laboratories with basic molecular biology equipment and few financial resources and allows the surveillance of H58 S. Typhi in resource poor settings.
Keywords	equipment ; haplotypes ; molecular biology ; monitoring ; polymerase chain reaction ; rapid methods ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Salmonella Typhi ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; typhoid fever ; India ; Jordan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-08
Size	p. 219-223.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	604916-3
ISSN	1872-8359 ; 0167-7012
ISSN (online)	1872-8359
ISSN	0167-7012
DOI	10.1016/j.mimet.2016.06.018
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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