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  1. Article ; Online: Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

    Alia Saberi / Samaneh Kazemi

    Acta Medica Iranica, Pp 5-

    A Systematic Review

    2019  Volume 16

    Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity in progression and treatment response. Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly ... ...

    Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity in progression and treatment response. Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as an important feature of MS pathology and may be relevant for clinical disease progression. This paper systematically reviews published evidence concerning the role of mitochondrial abnormalities with MS. Literature searched using the Web of Science, PMC/Medline via PubMed and Scopus databases up to May 2017 with no time and language limitation. After quality assessment, 9 articles were included in the study. All data extraction was conducted by two reviewers independently. Based on the results of the studies, it seems that mitochondrial DNA abnormality and mitochondrial dysfunction may be due to primary inflammation in MS or may be occurred itself before any inflammation, but definitely contributes to axonal degeneration and disease progression. Mitochondrial abnormality contributes to axonal degeneration in MS and disease progression.
    Keywords Multiple sclerosis ; Disease progression ; DNA ; Mitochondria ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Virology, pathophysiology and neuroinvasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2

    Arash Pourgholaminejad / Samaneh Kazemi / Alia Saberi

    Romanian Journal of Neurology, Vol 20, Iss 3, Pp 288-

    A mini literature review

    2021  Volume 291

    Abstract: Coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) is known as a respiratory pathogen for which the accumulation of evidence suggest that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) can cause critical pathologies in vulnerable patients. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) ... ...

    Abstract Coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) is known as a respiratory pathogen for which the accumulation of evidence suggest that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) can cause critical pathologies in vulnerable patients. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an example of a multi-systemic infectious disease. In addition of respiratory manifestations and severe pneumonia related to COVID-19, The SARS-CoV-2 can penetrate into the central nervous system (CNS) and participate in the induction of neurological disorders and promote some neuropathies. Knowledge of the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-associated pathophysiology and neuroinvasion pathways will lead to improved clinical outcomes and better treatment algorithms. The aim of this review is to summarize available knowledge on the identification of virology, neuroinvasion mechanisms and the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 in the CNS.
    Keywords sars-cov-2 ; central nervous system ; pathophysiology ; Medicine ; R ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Amaltea Medical Publishing House
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Effect of Sub-Lethal Environmental Stresses on the Cell Survival and Antibacterial Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes PTCC1297

    Mohammad Faezi-Ghasemi / Samaneh Kazemi

    Majallah-i taḥqīqāt-i ̒ulūm-i pizishkī-i Zāhidān, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2015  Volume 6

    Abstract: Background: Listeria monocytogenes is slowly becoming drug resistant, study on resistance of this pathogen is important to ensure effective treatment of human listeriosis. The aim of this work was evaluating the changes in susceptibility to antibiotics ... ...

    Abstract Background: Listeria monocytogenes is slowly becoming drug resistant, study on resistance of this pathogen is important to ensure effective treatment of human listeriosis. The aim of this work was evaluating the changes in susceptibility to antibiotics and cell survival of L. monocytogenes PTCC1297 (serotype 4a) after exposure to some stresses. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study L. monocytogenes PTCC1297 subjected to sub-lethal environmental stresses including ethanol (5% v/v), sodium chloride (7% w/v), acid (HCl, pH=5.0), hydrogen peroxide (600 ppm) and heat (45ºC). After the stress treatments, antibacterial susceptibility and cell survival were determined. Results: Exposing to hydrogen peroxide (600 ppm) and heat (45ºC) significantly (p<0.05) increased resistance to all selective antibiotics. But treating to stresses such as hydrochloric acid (pH=5.0), sodium chloride (7% w/v) and ethanol (5% v/v) decreased resistance (p<0.05) to antibiotics. L. monocytogenes PTCC1297 cell survival was decreased at 60ºC which is considered as lethal condition. Exposing to sub-lethal acid stress increased survival to high acidic conditions (pH=3.0). But upon increasing hydrogen peroxide the viability of cell decreased. Treating the cells with ethanol (14% v/v) and NaCl (20% w/v) increased cell survival. Conclusion: Adaptation to some stresses including hydrogen peroxide and heat increase resistance to antibiotics. Stresses such as ethanol, hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride act in adverse. Exposing to some sub-lethal stresses increased cell survival when lethal doses of the same stress such as acid, ethanol and sodium chloride were used. But, when we treating the cells to sublethal doses of H2O2 and heat the cell survival decreased.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 580 ; 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: An In Vitro Study on Impact of Environmental Stresses on Growth, Morphological and Biochemical Features of Listeria monocytogenes PTCC 1297

    Samaneh Kazemi / Mohammad Faezi-Ghasemi

    Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 11-

    2015  Volume 17

    Abstract: Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is a serious concern for the food industry due to its high case fatality rate, widespread distribution, ability to survive a wide variety of food processing conditions, and the severity of the illness associated with ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is a serious concern for the food industry due to its high case fatality rate, widespread distribution, ability to survive a wide variety of food processing conditions, and the severity of the illness associated with this pathogen infection. The objective of this study was to determine the growth, cell morphology and biochemical characteristics of L. monocytogenes PTCC 1297 (Serotype 4a) under selected environmental stresses. Method: The environmental stresses were acid stress (HCl, pH 2.0-6.0), alkaline stress (NaOH, pH 8.0-12.0), ethanol stress (5.0%-25.0% vol/vol), oxidative stress (H2O2, 0.06%-6.0% vol/vol), osmotic stress (NaCl and sucrose, 2.0%-30.0% wt/vol) and heat stress (40-60°C). All stresses were applied to the exponential phase bacteria whereas non-stressed exponential phase cells served as a control and the cells were allowed to grow for 24 h. For evaluating the growth of L. monocytogenes PTCC 1297 after inoculation procedure and exposure of cells to selected stresses we used colony count method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was implemented to visualize the external appearance of the bacteria. Results: According to the results, the bacteria at pH≤4 and pH≥10 achieved by HCl and, NaOH, respectively, died. Also, concentrations ethanol at ≥15% vol/vol, H2O2 ≥0.3% vol/vol, NaCl ≥14% wt/vol, and heat ≥50°C were lethal for the bacteria. Unlike other stresses, sucrose did not kill bacteria but decreased their growth. The phenotypical and biochemical characteristics of them changed when exposed to each stress. Conclusion: Different doses of various stresses were either lethal or sub-lethal for this bacterium and lead to various changes in its characteristics.
    Keywords listeria monocytogenes ; cell biology ; environment ; stress physiological ; Pathology ; RB1-214
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Pasteur Institute of Iran
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Bloodstream Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Rasht, Iran

    Abdol-rasoul Sobhani / Mahin Mallaei / Samaneh Kazemi

    Journal of Medical Bacteriology, Vol 5, Iss 5-

    2016  Volume 6

    Abstract: Background: The increasing bloodstream infection mainly in developing countries is one of the most important health care systems concern. And, the choice of antimicrobial treatment for septicemia is often empirical and based on the knowledge of local ... ...

    Abstract Background: The increasing bloodstream infection mainly in developing countries is one of the most important health care systems concern. And, the choice of antimicrobial treatment for septicemia is often empirical and based on the knowledge of local antimicrobial activity patterns of the most common bacteria causing such bloodstream infections. This study was carried to identify the microbial profile in the blood culture isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was done at Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran over a period of thirteen months from August 2012 to September 2013. Bacteria were identified by various biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 953 identified isolates, Gram-negative isolates 482 (50.58%) were followed by Grampositive isolates 471 (49.42%). Among Gram-positive organisms Staphylococcus epidermidis was the highest with 255 (54%) records and in Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas spp. was highest with 241 (50%) records. There were 467 (49.0%) positive blood culture reports for males and 487 (51.0%) for females. Pseudomonas spp. (134 reports) and S. epidermidis (162 reports) were the most common pathogens in male and woman, respectively. In 15-44 years old age group, Pseudomonas spp. and in 45-75< years age group, S. epidermidis were identified as the most common. S. epidermidis isolates were more resistant to Erythromycin, Oxacillin and Doxycycline. Pseudomonas spp. isolates had more resistant to imipeneme, amikacin and cefalexin. Conclusion:It can be concluded that bacterial resistance to antibiotics which used against bloodstream infections can make complication in treatment of infection cause by these pathogens.
    Keywords Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Blood-Borne Pathogens ; Bacteria ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Tehran University of Medical Sciences
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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