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  1. Article ; Online: Semi-continuous production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the Chlorophyta Desmodesmus communis

    Pezzolesi, Laura / Samorì, Chiara / Zoffoli, Giorgia / Xamin, Giulia / Simonazzi, Mara / Pistocchi, Rossella

    Algal Research. 2023 July, v. 74 p.103196-

    2023  

    Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising alternatives that accumulate as energy and carbon storage material in various microorganisms, including bacteria and microalgae, being biodegradable and suitable for a wide variety of applications. Among these ... ...

    Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising alternatives that accumulate as energy and carbon storage material in various microorganisms, including bacteria and microalgae, being biodegradable and suitable for a wide variety of applications. Among these compounds, the most prevalent and well-characterized biopolymer is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which belongs to the short-chain PHAs. The present study was designed to evaluate algae-based PHB production in two Chlorophyta (Desmodesmus communis and Chlorella vulgaris) under a two-phase nutritional mode of cultivation, namely a phototrophic growth phase (PGP) and a mixotrophic stress phase (MSP) with N,P-depleted media and organic carbon supply (i.e., glucose or sodium acetate, NaOAc). The highest PHB productivity (0.11 g PHB/g biomass/d; 0.015 g PHB/L/d), corresponding to 32.1 % w/w of intracellular PHB, was observed for D. communis after 3 days of cultivation under mixotrophic conditions in batch cultures (e.g., low light, phosphorus-free medium, 1 g/L of NaOAc). A scaled-up cultivation (10 L) was set up to evaluate for the first time PHB yields and biomass composition in a semi-continuous system. A PHB content of 34 % w/w was achieved on day 8, corresponding to a maximum PHB productivity of 0.10 g PHB/g biomass/d (or 0.011 g PHB/L/d), which increased up to 54 % w/w on day 15. The biomass was composed of about 30 % w/w proteins, 6 % w/w polysaccharides, and 11 % w/w lipids, which can be valorised from a biorefinery perspective. The scaled-up D. communis cultivation in 10 L PBRs confirmed the potential utilization of this algal species for PHB production with productivity up to 2-times higher than those reported for several cyanobacterial species and similar to the maximum value obtained with batch cultures in previous works performed with Scenedesmaceae.
    Keywords Chlorella vulgaris ; Desmodesmus ; biodegradability ; biomass ; biorefining ; carbon sequestration ; energy ; glucose ; microalgae ; organic carbon ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; polysaccharides ; research ; sodium acetate ; Desmodesmus communis ; Polyhydroxyalkanoates ; Algal biomass ; Microalgal cultivation ; Mixotrophy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-07
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 2211-9264
    DOI 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103196
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article: Recycling of post-use starch-based plastic bags through pyrolysis to produce sulfonated catalysts and chemicals

    Samorì, Chiara / Parodi, Adriano / Tagliavini, Emilio / Galletti, Paola

    Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis. 2021 May, v. 155

    2021  

    Abstract: Pyrolysis was explored as a technology for depolymerizing and charring starch-based plastic bags in a novel valorization perspective based on a chemical recycling strategy, alternative to anaerobic digestion or composting. The char obtained from the ... ...

    Abstract Pyrolysis was explored as a technology for depolymerizing and charring starch-based plastic bags in a novel valorization perspective based on a chemical recycling strategy, alternative to anaerobic digestion or composting. The char obtained from the thermal treatment (420°C for 15 h) was sulfonated to give a highly active and recyclable heterogeneous acid catalyst (10 wt% yield based on starch-based plastic bags subjected to pyrolysis), comparable in terms of catalytic activity and reusability to the analog catalyst prepared from potato starch and tested on a model esterification reaction. From pyrolysis liquid of starch-based plastic bags, highly pure terephthalic acid (4 wt% yield) was isolated through self-precipitation, whereas the remaining pyrolysis liquid produced (21 wt%) was solvent-fractionated to give a polar fraction (7 wt% yield) enriched in levoglucosan, and a less polar fraction (14 wt% yield) enriched in monobutenyl adipate and terephthalate.
    Keywords anaerobic digestion ; catalysts ; catalytic activity ; esterification ; heat treatment ; potato starch ; pyrolysis ; pyrolysis oils
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-05
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 0165-2370
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105030
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoates From Single and Mixed Microbial Cultures: A Review.

    Pagliano, Giorgia / Galletti, Paola / Samorì, Chiara / Zaghini, Agnese / Torri, Cristian

    Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) 624021

    Abstract: An overview of the main polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) recovery methods is here reported, by considering the kind of PHA-producing bacteria (single bacterial strains or mixed microbial cultures) and the chemico-physical characteristics of the extracted ... ...

    Abstract An overview of the main polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) recovery methods is here reported, by considering the kind of PHA-producing bacteria (single bacterial strains or mixed microbial cultures) and the chemico-physical characteristics of the extracted polymer (molecular weight and polydispersity index). Several recovery approaches are presented and categorized in two main strategies: PHA recovery with solvents (halogenated solvents, alkanes, alcohols, esters, carbonates and ketones) and PHA recovery by cellular lysis (with oxidants, acid and alkaline compounds, surfactants and enzymes). Comparative evaluations based on the recovery, purity and molecular weight of the recovered polymers as well as on the potential sustainability of the different approaches are here presented.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2719493-0
    ISSN 2296-4185
    ISSN 2296-4185
    DOI 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Allelopathic interactions between phytobenthos and meiofaunal community in an Adriatic benthic ecosystem: Understanding the role of aldehydes and macroalgal structural complexity

    Lenzo, Denise / Pezzolesi, Laura / Samorì, Chiara / Rindi, Fabio / Pasteris, Andrea / Pistocchi, Rossella / Colangelo, Marina Antonia

    Science of the total environment. 2022 Feb. 10, v. 807

    2022  

    Abstract: Macroalgae produce several allelopathic substances, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which may inhibit photosynthesis and growth rates of other algal species, and grazing. Additionally, macroalgal structural complexity is an important factor ... ...

    Abstract Macroalgae produce several allelopathic substances, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which may inhibit photosynthesis and growth rates of other algal species, and grazing. Additionally, macroalgal structural complexity is an important factor in determining abundance patterns and size structure of epiphytic organisms.In this study the PUAs production of two Mediterranean macroalgae, Dictyopteris polypodioides, (DP, Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales) and Cystoseira compressa (CC, Phaeophyceae, Fucales), was characterized to clarify the relationships between the meiobenthic and microphytobenthic communities. Results showed a higher PUAs production and a diverse qualitative profile for DP, which reported long-chain compounds (i.e. C14-C16) as main aldehydes, than CC, with the short-chain C6:2 as the main compound, as well as variability among sampling times. A clear separation of the meiofauna and microphytobenthos assemblages was found for the macroalgae, but with different temporal trends. Dissimilarities were due to five microalgal orders, namely Naviculales, Lyrellales, Gonyaulacales (i.e. Ostreopsis), Bacillariales, and Licmophorales, and to the meiofaunal groups nematodes, copepods, and copepod nauplii, which were more abundant on DP than on CC. Results indicate that macroalgal complexity is a major determinant of the meiofaunal community structure (accounting for 26% of the variation), rather than PUAs production itself (17%). PUAs effects seem species-specific, thus affecting some grazers instead of the entire community. Conversely, microphytobenthos affected the meiofauna assemblages, particularly harpacticoids, confirming the role of these organisms as the primary food source of all marine food chain producers. Since PUAs are produced also by several epiphytic diatoms, the understanding of their effects on the community structure and on the relationships among taxa in the field is complicated and requires further in-depth investigations in simplified systems (i.e. microcosms).
    Keywords Bacillariales ; Copepoda ; Cystoseira ; Dictyopteris ; Gonyaulacales ; Licmophorales ; Lyrellales ; Naviculales ; Nematoda ; benthic ecosystems ; community structure ; environment ; epiphytes ; fauna ; food chain ; macroalgae ; microalgae ; nauplii ; photosynthesis
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0210
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150827
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents based on oleic acid

    Pitacco, Walter / Samorì, Chiara / Pezzolesi, Laura / Gori, Virginia / Grillo, Antonio / Tiecco, Matteo / Vagnoni, Martina / Galletti, Paola

    Food chemistry. 2022 June 15, v. 379

    2022  

    Abstract: Three novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on oleic acid and terpenes (thymol, dl-menthol, and geraniol) were prepared, characterized, and used to extract astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis without any pre-treatment ... ...

    Abstract Three novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on oleic acid and terpenes (thymol, dl-menthol, and geraniol) were prepared, characterized, and used to extract astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis without any pre-treatment of the cells. The three DES were composed of Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) and edible ingredients. All the tested DESs gave astaxanthin recovery values of about 60 and 30% in 6 h if applied on freeze-dried biomass or directly on algae culture, respectively. The carotenoid profile was qualitatively identical to what was obtained by using traditional organic solvents, regardless of the DES used; the monoesters of astaxanthin with C18-fatty acids were the main compounds found in all the carotenoid extracts. The thymol:oleic acid DES (TAO) could preserve astaxanthin content after prolonged oxidative stress (40% of the astaxanthin initially extracted was still present after 13.5 h of light exposure), thanks to the superior antioxidant properties of thymol. The capacity of improving astaxanthin stability combined with the intrinsic safety and edibility of the DES components makes the formulation astaxanthin-TAO appealing for the food ingredients/additives industry.
    Keywords Haematococcus pluvialis ; antioxidants ; astaxanthin ; biomass ; esters ; food chemistry ; freeze drying ; geraniol ; hydrophobicity ; industry ; microalgae ; oleic acid ; oxidative stress ; thymol
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0615
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 243123-3
    ISSN 1873-7072 ; 0308-8146
    ISSN (online) 1873-7072
    ISSN 0308-8146
    DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132156
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: PHB into PHB: Recycling of polyhydroxybutyrate by a tandem “thermolytic distillation-microbial fermentation” process

    Samorì, Chiara / Martinez, Gonzalo Agustin / Bertin, Lorenzo / Pagliano, Giorgia / Parodi, Adriano / Torri, Cristian / Galletti, Paola

    Resources, conservation, and recycling. 2022 Mar., v. 178

    2022  

    Abstract: The recycling of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) via depolymerization-polymerization is here proposed and assessed for the first time. Effective depolymerization of PHB to crotonic acid through a thermolytic distillation at mild conditions (170 °C and 150 mbar) ...

    Abstract The recycling of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) via depolymerization-polymerization is here proposed and assessed for the first time. Effective depolymerization of PHB to crotonic acid through a thermolytic distillation at mild conditions (170 °C and 150 mbar), and without the need of any catalyst, gives a crotonic acid-enriched condensate (94% yield and 98% selectivity towards trans-crotonic acid) that was used without any further purification as a substrate for producing renewed PHB with a culture of Cupriavidus necator. The yield of PHB (0.6 g PHB per g of crotonic acid), final PHB content (63%), and PHB-molecular weight (1.5 MDa) confirmed the technical feasibility of this tandem approach, with a 55% overall yield. A preliminary evaluation of the energy consumption of various depolymerization approaches indicated that the thermolytic distillation consumes 20–25% less energy than previously reported methods; the energy requirement for producing crotonic acid from PHBwₐₛₜₑ with 50% moisture has a still acceptable energy demand (4 MJ/kgcᵣₒₜₒₙᵢc ₐcᵢd), comparable to the energy required for obtaining fermentable sugars (4.4 MJ/kgₛᵤgₐᵣ) to be used for feeding bacteria that accumulate PHB.
    Keywords Cupriavidus necator ; catalysts ; condensates ; depolymerization ; distillation ; energy ; fermentation ; polyhydroxybutyrate ; thermal degradation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-03
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1498716-8
    ISSN 0921-3449
    ISSN 0921-3449
    DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106082
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Survey of the allelopathic potential of Mediterranean macroalgae: production of long-chain polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs)

    Pezzolesi, Laura / Accoroni, Stefano / Rindi, Fabio / Samorì, Chiara / Totti, Cecilia / Pistocchi, Rossella

    Phytochemistry. 2021 Sept., v. 189

    2021  

    Abstract: Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a ... ...

    Abstract Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a specific coastal area. Allelopathy could act as a self-regulatory strategy of the algal community, being not only a succession regulator but also an active mechanism maintaining the species diversity especially in a delimited environment, such as the benthic ecosystem. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are among the most studied allelopathic compounds and are commonly released into the aquatic environment by different phytoplankton species in response to environmental stressors (e.g. wounding, grazing, or competition for nutrients). Diatom-released PUAs were observed to affect phytoplankton community dynamics and structure, and showed inhibitory effects on the reproduction and development of marine invertebrates. As for macroalgae, there are only a few reports that attest to the production of PUAs, and mostly refer to Ulva spp. In this study, the production of PUAs by several Mediterranean macroalgae was investigated at different sampling times, aiming at providing the first evidence of potential allelochemical activity. Results highlighted the potential production by macroalgae of a variety of aldehydes, among which some have never reported so far. Some species (i.e. D. polypodioides and U. cf. rigida) were found to produce higher PUAs amounts than others, and even a wider variety of structures (e.g. length of the carbon chain); these species might exert strong effects on epiphytic species or other organisms of the benthic community, especially considering the differential sensitivities of the various taxa. A high dPUA concentration (order of μM) potentially due to the release of PUAs by algal species was found, and might affect the population dynamics of the epiphytic organisms (e.g. microalgae, meiofauna), of grazers, as well as of the microbial community.
    Keywords Ulva ; allelopathy ; aquatic environment ; benthic ecosystems ; benthic organisms ; carbon ; coasts ; epiphytes ; fauna ; macroalgae ; microalgae ; microbial communities ; phytoplankton ; plant biochemistry ; population dynamics ; reproduction ; species diversity ; surveys
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 208884-8
    ISSN 1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
    ISSN (online) 1873-3700
    ISSN 0031-9422
    DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112826
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Recycling of multilayer packaging waste with sustainable solvents

    Samorì, Chiara / Pitacco, Walter / Vagnoni, Martina / Catelli, Emilio / Colloricchio, Thomas / Gualandi, Chiara / Mantovani, Luciana / Mezzi, Alessio / Sciutto, Giorgia / Galletti, Paola

    Resources, Conservation & Recycling. 2023 Mar., v. 190 p.106832-

    2023  

    Abstract: De-pulped multilayer packaging waste containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and aluminium was separated into its single components by using sustainable solvents capable of solubilizing LDPE under mild conditions. LDPE and aluminium of high purity and ...

    Abstract De-pulped multilayer packaging waste containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and aluminium was separated into its single components by using sustainable solvents capable of solubilizing LDPE under mild conditions. LDPE and aluminium of high purity and quality were recovered with biodiesel, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The recovered LDPE has been characterized by thermal and mechanical analysis, confirming its similarity to the polymer before the dissolution process, while the recovered aluminium was analysed by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling, confirming the non-oxidative behaviour of the tested solvents. The mass balance of the recovered materials and solvents at the end of the dissolution process was close to 100%.
    Keywords X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; aluminum ; biodiesel ; methyl ethers ; polyethylene ; solubilization ; tetrahydrofuran ; wastes ; Flexible metalized packaging ; Plastic recycling ; Low-density polyethylene ; Aluminium ; Bio-based solvents
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1498716-8
    ISSN 0921-3449
    ISSN 0921-3449
    DOI 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106832
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Survey of the allelopathic potential of Mediterranean macroalgae: production of long-chain polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs).

    Pezzolesi, Laura / Accoroni, Stefano / Rindi, Fabio / Samorì, Chiara / Totti, Cecilia / Pistocchi, Rossella

    Phytochemistry

    2021  Volume 189, Page(s) 112826

    Abstract: Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a ... ...

    Abstract Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a specific coastal area. Allelopathy could act as a self-regulatory strategy of the algal community, being not only a succession regulator but also an active mechanism maintaining the species diversity especially in a delimited environment, such as the benthic ecosystem. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are among the most studied allelopathic compounds and are commonly released into the aquatic environment by different phytoplankton species in response to environmental stressors (e.g. wounding, grazing, or competition for nutrients). Diatom-released PUAs were observed to affect phytoplankton community dynamics and structure, and showed inhibitory effects on the reproduction and development of marine invertebrates. As for macroalgae, there are only a few reports that attest to the production of PUAs, and mostly refer to Ulva spp. In this study, the production of PUAs by several Mediterranean macroalgae was investigated at different sampling times, aiming at providing the first evidence of potential allelochemical activity. Results highlighted the potential production by macroalgae of a variety of aldehydes, among which some have never reported so far. Some species (i.e. D. polypodioides and U. cf. rigida) were found to produce higher PUAs amounts than others, and even a wider variety of structures (e.g. length of the carbon chain); these species might exert strong effects on epiphytic species or other organisms of the benthic community, especially considering the differential sensitivities of the various taxa. A high dPUA concentration (order of μM) potentially due to the release of PUAs by algal species was found, and might affect the population dynamics of the epiphytic organisms (e.g. microalgae, meiofauna), of grazers, as well as of the microbial community.
    MeSH term(s) Aldehydes ; Allelopathy ; Diatoms ; Ecosystem ; Phytoplankton ; Seaweed
    Chemical Substances Aldehydes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208884-8
    ISSN 1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
    ISSN (online) 1873-3700
    ISSN 0031-9422
    DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112826
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Potential of pyrolysis liquids to control the environmental weed Heracleum mantegazzianum

    Hagner, Marleena / Lindqvist, Bengt / Vepsäläinen, Jouko / Samorì, Chiara / Keskinen, Riikka / Rasa, Kimmo / Hyvönen, Terho

    Environmental technology & innovation. 2020 Nov., v. 20

    2020  

    Abstract: Replacement of synthetic pesticides with biochemical alternatives and other biological and mechanical control methods represents a future need in plant protection. We investigated if slow pyrolysis liquids (PL) originating from hardwoods, which contain a ...

    Abstract Replacement of synthetic pesticides with biochemical alternatives and other biological and mechanical control methods represents a future need in plant protection. We investigated if slow pyrolysis liquids (PL) originating from hardwoods, which contain a wide range of organic compounds, can be used to control giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) either by (i) spraying directly on the seeds (Carum carvi seeds used as substitute) and seedlings or by (ii) covering seedlings with PL-containing mulching material (PLM). The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse experiments using seedlings of various ages, PLs produced from aspen (Populus sp.), birch (Betula sp.) and willow (Salix sp.) and various PL/PLM application doses. In addition, the biodegradation of birch-derived PL was investigated. All tested liquids inhibited C. carvi seed germination effectively when used at > 20% concentrations and only slight differences existed among PLs produced from different biomasses. Direct spraying of PL on H. mantegazzianum seedlings was ineffective. PLM (containing 7.5%–40% of PL) inhibited seedling development effectively. Birch PL was readily biodegradable. Further product development is needed because the chemical composition of the PLs in PLM and their modes of action are poorly understood. The weed-inhibiting effect of PLM likely results from the PL and the mechanical barrier constituted by PL-bound peat fibers.
    Keywords Betula ; Carum carvi ; Heracleum mantegazzianum ; Populus ; Salix ; biodegradability ; biodegradation ; chemical composition ; environmental technology ; greenhouses ; peat ; plant protection ; product development ; pyrolysis ; seed germination ; seedlings ; weeds
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-11
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ISSN 2352-1864
    DOI 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101154
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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