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  1. AU="Samuel Fernández-Carnero"
  2. AU="Kastner, Brigitte"
  3. AU=Robins Harlan
  4. AU="Sundaram, Baskaran"
  5. AU=Whitby R L D
  6. AU="Michel M. Santos"
  7. AU=Chong Yong-Yeow
  8. AU="Posca-Maina, Marcela"
  9. AU="Trupin, Laura"
  10. AU="Bezerra, Antônio Diego M."
  11. AU="Xiao-hua Lin"
  12. AU="Ksenia Zaytseva" AU="Ksenia Zaytseva"
  13. AU="Michael N Alexis"
  14. AU="Rivero-Moreno, Yeisson"
  15. AU="Köllmann, Nienke"
  16. AU="Maveddat, Ashley"
  17. AU=Boerrigter Guido
  18. AU=Wajant H
  19. AU=Marsboom Glenn
  20. AU="Xuwei, Tao"
  21. AU="Matias, Ricardo"
  22. AU="Daly, Brian P."
  23. AU="Bissaro, Maicol"
  24. AU="Mateo, Mathieu"
  25. AU="Yousra Aouinati"
  26. AU=Butros Linda
  27. AU=CASTORENA-GONZALEZ JORGE A.
  28. AU=Grtsch Bettina
  29. AU="José M. Ramada"
  30. AU="Parashar, Prashant"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Neuromodulation of the Autonomic Nervous System in Chronic Low Back Pain

    Rob Sillevis / Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Beatriz García-Haba / Eleuterio A. Sánchez Romero / Francisco Selva-Sarzo

    Biomedicines, Vol 11, Iss 1551, p

    A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial

    2023  Band 1551

    Abstract: Chronic pain is a societal concern influencing the autonomic nervous system. This system can be captured with automated pupillometry. The direct connection between the epidermal cells and the brain is presented as part of the central nervous system, ... ...

    Abstract Chronic pain is a societal concern influencing the autonomic nervous system. This system can be captured with automated pupillometry. The direct connection between the epidermal cells and the brain is presented as part of the central nervous system, reflecting the modulation of the autonomic system. This study’s aim was to investigate if tape containing magnetic particles (TCMP) has an immediate effect on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and influences chronic low back pain. Twenty-three subjects completed this study. Subjects were randomized to either receive the control tape (CT) or TCMP first. Each subject underwent a pain provocative pressure test on the spinous process, followed by the skin pinch test and automated pupillometry. Next, the TCMP/control tape was applied. After tape removal, a second provocative spinous process pressure test and skin pinch test were performed. Subjects returned for a second testing day to receive the other tape application. The results demonstrate that TCMP had an immediate significant effect on the autonomic nervous system and resulted in decreased chronic lower back pain. We postulate that this modulation by TCMP s has an immediate effect on the autonomic system and reducing perceived pain, opening a large field of future research.
    Schlagwörter neuromodulation therapy ; transcutaneous ; autonomic nervous system ; low back pain ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Effects of a Gait Training Program on Spinal Cord Injury Patients

    Alexander Echemendía del Valle / Juan Enrique Bender del Busto / Armando Sentmanat Belisón / Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar / Oliver Martínez-Pozas / Pedro Martínez-Lozano / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Norberto Valcárcel Izquierdo / Eleuterio A. Sánchez-Romero

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 23, p

    A Single-Group Prospective Cohort Study

    2023  Band 7208

    Abstract: Introduction: Spinal cord injury is defined as the pathological process produced by any etiology affecting the spinal cord, which may alter motor, sensory, and/or autonomic function below the level of the lesion. The complexity of the neurological ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Spinal cord injury is defined as the pathological process produced by any etiology affecting the spinal cord, which may alter motor, sensory, and/or autonomic function below the level of the lesion. The complexity of the neurological deficit and, therefore, the resulting clinical picture depends on the level of the lesion, the extent, and the affectation of the white or gray substance. This injury can totally or partially affect the ability to walk, and its highest priority with respect to mobility is to restore the ability to walk. All of which make the improvement of the methods used in their rehabilitation a top priority for health systems. Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a gait training program for patients with spinal cord injuries. Material and Methods: A single-group, prospective cohort study was developed following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Guidelines (STROBE) at the International Center for Neurological Restoration of Siboney Playa (Havana, Cuba) from May 2020 to July 2021 with a sample of 30 patients by accidental or deliberate non-probabilistic sampling that met the expected inclusion criteria, who underwent a physical rehabilitation program for 8 weeks of work. Results: Statistically significant changes were observed in the overall course, by sex, by topographic level of lesion, and by functional class. Conclusions: The gait training program used produced significant changes in thoracic spinal cord injured patients regardless of the level of injury, sex, or functional class of the patient.
    Schlagwörter spinal cord injury ; gait ; training ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Short-Term Morphological Changes in Asymptomatic Perimandibular Muscles after Dry Needling Assessed with Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging

    Alice Botticchio / Firas Mourad / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / José Luis Arias-Buría / Alejandro Santodomingo Bueno / Juan Mesa Jiménez / Massimiliano Gobbo

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 2, p

    A Proof-of-Concept Study

    2021  Band 209

    Abstract: Facial anatomical structures are not easily accessible to manual palpation. The aim of our study is to objectively assess temporomandibular joint and perimandibular muscles dimensions by means of sonographic measurements before and after dry needling (DN) ...

    Abstract Facial anatomical structures are not easily accessible to manual palpation. The aim of our study is to objectively assess temporomandibular joint and perimandibular muscles dimensions by means of sonographic measurements before and after dry needling (DN) in asymptomatic subjects. Seventeen subjects participated in this before-after study with a within-subject control. After random allocation, one side of the face was used for the intervention and the contralateral as control. DN was performed on the temporal, masseter, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Each subject was examined bilaterally before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention through Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI) of the temporomandibular articular disc and the three target muscles. Maximum mouth opening was measured at baseline and at one month. After a single DN session, articular disc thickness significantly decreased; muscles’ thicknesses (except for temporal thickness) significantly decreased immediately and at follow-up on the treated side; no significant changes resulted for the control side. The maximum mouth opening increased from 4.77 mm to 4.86 mm. RUSI may be useful to assess the dimensions and thickness of the temporomandibular disc and muscles before and after an intervention. DN influences muscle morphology, and it has a positive influence on mouth opening in the short term.
    Schlagwörter Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging ; ultrasonography ; dry needling ; temporomandibular joint ; temporomandibular joint disorders ; masticatory muscles ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Dry Needling of the Popliteus Muscle Validation by Ultrasound Imaging

    José-Ignacio De-Arriba-Agre / Carmen García-Mulas / Sara Grigelmo-Hernández / Jose-Jesús Jiménez-Rejano / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Fermin Naranjo-Cinto / Daniel Pecos-Martín / Susana Nunez-Nagy

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 6409, p

    A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

    2022  Band 6409

    Abstract: Dry needling is a widely used technique for the treatment of painful syndromes in the musculature, however, its usefulness is of greater relevance in deep structures, such as the popliteus muscle, as it is more difficult to access. This muscle is heavily ...

    Abstract Dry needling is a widely used technique for the treatment of painful syndromes in the musculature, however, its usefulness is of greater relevance in deep structures, such as the popliteus muscle, as it is more difficult to access. This muscle is heavily involved in knee pathology, being a source of pain and functional impairment, especially secondary to underlying pathologies. The method selected for the observation and study of the soft tissues, by means of imaging tests that do not use ionising radiation, is ultrasound. A cross-sectional observational study is proposed. It will be carried out in a healthy population, during the years 2021 and 2022, observing, by ultrasound, the results of the popliteal puncture technique, recorded by Mayoral del Moral et al. A popliteus muscle needle reach of 92% was achieved with this technique, in 48 of 50 patients. The results of the present cross-sectional observational study in living subjects, support that the popliteal puncture, described by Mayoral et al. is a reliable and safe approach, when performed with a 0.30 × 50 mm needle, and no adverse reactions or punctures of the vascular-nerve structures have been reported during the interventions.
    Schlagwörter dry puncture ; popliteal muscle ; ultrasound ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 616
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers

    Luis De Sousa-De Sousa / Hugo G. Espinosa / Jose Luis Maté-Muñoz / Maria del Carmen Lozano-Estevan / Sara Cerrolaza-Tudanca / Manuel Rozalén-Bustín / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Pablo García-Fernández

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 14620, p

    A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial

    2022  Band 14620

    Abstract: Throughout history a variety of therapeutic tools have been studied as possible enhancers of sports activities. This study proposes the use of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) as a performance booster to paralympic athletes, specifically ... ...

    Abstract Throughout history a variety of therapeutic tools have been studied as possible enhancers of sports activities. This study proposes the use of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) as a performance booster to paralympic athletes, specifically those belonging to the Spanish Paralympic swimming committee. The study was a randomized, single-blind, and observer-blind, crossover clinical trial. Six athletes were randomly assigned to three groups: one treated with CRET (A); a placebo group (B) and a control group (C). The CRET group attended a twenty-minute session before being subjected to pool trials at distances of 50 and 100 m at maximum performance. Measurements were in two dimensions: time in seconds and the Borg scale for perceived exertion. Comparisons between groups were made with respect to distance and the main variables. In the case of perceived exertion, no significant changes were observed in any of the distances; however, in the case of the time variable, a significant difference was observed between Group A vs. Personal Record at 100 m distance (76.3 ± 6.8 vs. 68.4 ± 3.3). The proposed protocol and level of hyperthermia applied suggest refusal of CRET use for the 100-m distance a few minutes before sports practice. Our analysis suggests the need to modify the presented protocol. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier under NCT number: NCT04336007.
    Schlagwörter diathermy ; paralympic athlete ; performance ; time trials ; swimming ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Architectural Ultrasound Pennation Angle Measurement of Lumbar Multifidus Muscles

    Cristina Monsalve-Vicente / Daniel Muñoz-Zamarro / Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Francisco Selva-Sarzo / Susana Nunez-Nagy / Fermin Naranjo-Cinto / Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 5174, p

    A Reliability Study

    2022  Band 5174

    Abstract: The pennation angle has been shown to be a relevant parameter of muscle architecture. This parameter has not previously been measured in the lumbar multifidus musculature, and it is for this reason that it has been considered of great interest to ... ...

    Abstract The pennation angle has been shown to be a relevant parameter of muscle architecture. This parameter has not previously been measured in the lumbar multifidus musculature, and it is for this reason that it has been considered of great interest to establish an assessment protocol to generate new lines of research in the future. Objective: The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for measuring the pennation angle of the multifidus muscles, with a study of intra-rater and interrater reliability values. Design: This was a reliability study following the recommendations of the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies (GRRAS). Setting: The study was carried out at University of Alcalá, Department of Physiotherapy. Subjects: Twenty-seven subjects aged between 18 and 55 years were recruited for this study. Methods: Different ultrasound images of the lumbar multifidus musculature were captured. Subsequently, with the help of ImageJ software, the pennation angle of this musculature was measured. Finally, a complex statistical analysis determined the intra- and interrater reliability. Results: The intra-rater reliability of the pennation angle measurement protocol was excellent for observer 1 in the measurement of the left-sided superficial multifidus 0.851 (0.74, 0.923), and for observer 2 in the measurement of the right-sided superficial 0.711 (0.535, 0.843) and deep multifidus 0.886 (0.798, 0.942). Interrater reliability was moderate to poor, and correlation analysis results were high for thickness vs. pennation angle. Conclusions: The designed protocol for ultrasound measurement of the pennation angle of the lumbar multifidus musculature has excellent intra-rater reliability values, supporting the main conclusions and interpretations. Normative ranges of pennation angles are reported. High correlation between variables is described.
    Schlagwörter ultrasound ; back muscles ; pennation angle ; reliability ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 600
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: The Application of Image Texture Analysis Techniques on the Effects of Dry Needling versus Placebo in Low-Back Pain Patients

    Alba Del-Canto-Fernández / Pablo Calleja-Martínez / Borja Descalzo-Hoyas / Sebastián Rodríguez-Posada / Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Fermin Naranjo-Cinto / Tomas Gallego-Izquierdo

    Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 5556, p

    A Pilot-Study

    2022  Band 5556

    Abstract: Low back pain is the leading cause of disability in the world, with a significant socio-economic impact. Deep dry needling is effective in the treatment of this pain, and it is one of the techniques preferred by physiotherapists. In this field, the use ... ...

    Abstract Low back pain is the leading cause of disability in the world, with a significant socio-economic impact. Deep dry needling is effective in the treatment of this pain, and it is one of the techniques preferred by physiotherapists. In this field, the use of ultrasound provides information of interest such as length, thickness, diameter, cross-sectional area, or muscle volume, among others. Objective: To find out whether the tissue changes (thickness, histogram, and contraction rate) that occur in the lumbar multifidus after application of the deep dry needle are related to changes in the pain and the disability of the patient. Design: Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial. Setting: University of Alcalá, Department of Physiotherapy. Subjects: 21 voluntary patients (women and men) with non-specific low-back pain aged 18–65 years. Intervention: Patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group received dry needling and the other group a dry needling placebo. Initial post-needling and one week post-needling assessments were performed by a therapist blinded to the intervention. Variables: Lumbar multifidus thickness measured by RUSI, contraction time measured by M-mode, histograms measured by image analysis, muscle area, pain measured by VAS, pressure pain threshold measured by pressure algometer, and disability measured by Roland–Morris questionnaire. Conclusions: The contraction speed, resting thickness, and pain demonstrated significant differences within each group, but not between groups. There were significant differences in contraction ratio and in PPT between groups. There was excellent intra-examiner reliability in image collection for histogram analysis. Histogram analysis showed no significant differences between groups and measurements, neither for the parameters nor for the parameters combined with the outcome variables. A robust method for the image texture analyses in future histogram muscle analyses has been performed.
    Schlagwörter low-back pain ; dry needling ; ultrasound ; histogram ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Test-Retest Reliability of Ultrasonographic Measurements from the Rectus Femoris Muscle 1–5 Years after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Ipsilateral and Contralateral Legs

    Jorge Buelga-Suarez / Pablo Alba-Martin / Nicolas Cuenca-Zaldívar / María García-Escudero / Pilar Bierge-Sanclemente / Jaime Almazán-Polo / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Daniel Pecos-Martín

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 1867, p

    An Observational, Case-Control Study

    2022  Band 1867

    Abstract: About 40% of traumatic injuries in sports are related to the knee. Of these, 33% require arthroscopic surgery. The rehabilitative ultrasound imaging technique is a simple method to obtain objective real-time results on the state and measurement of the ... ...

    Abstract About 40% of traumatic injuries in sports are related to the knee. Of these, 33% require arthroscopic surgery. The rehabilitative ultrasound imaging technique is a simple method to obtain objective real-time results on the state and measurement of the musculoskeletal tissue and its use can represent an important change in the process of functional diagnosis and recovery of these injuries. The aim was to quantify the differences in the thickness, muscle contraction time, and muscle relaxation time of the rectus femoris muscle between individuals with knee arthroscopy and healthy individuals and to verify the reliability of the inter-examiner measurements in these ultrasound variables. An observational case-control study with individuals (18–60 years aged) who underwent surgery for anterior cruciate ligament through knee arthroscopy a year or more before. A total of 38 subjects were divided into 2 groups, case and control. Ultrasound measurements were taken of the following outcomes: thickness at rest and contraction, muscle contraction time, and muscle relaxation time of the rectus femoris muscle. Excellent inter-examiner reliability was obtained for all ultrasound measurements (ICC3.3 > 0.90). No significant changes were found in the rate of contraction or rest of the rectus femoris muscle. On the other hand, if significant changes in the thickness of the rectus femoris muscle were found between control and case group. Arthroscopic surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not appear to modify function but does modify the thickness of the rectus femoris muscle on ultrasound examination. Ultrasound appears to be a reliable tool for the study of these measurements in the rectus femoris muscle.
    Schlagwörter knee injuries ; arthroscopy ; ultrasonography ; quadriceps muscle ; muscle contraction ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Real versus Sham Manual Therapy in Addition to Therapeutic Exercise in the Treatment of Non-Specific Shoulder Pain

    Fermin Naranjo-Cinto / Adriana-Imelda Cerón-Cordero / Claudia Figueroa-Padilla / Dulce Galindo-Paz / Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo / Susana Nuñez-Nagy / Daniel Pecos-Martín

    Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 4395, p

    A Randomized Controlled Trial

    2022  Band 4395

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate if manual therapy added to a therapeutic exercise program produced greater improvements than a sham manual therapy added to same exercise program in patients with non-specific shoulder pain. This was an evaluator- ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate if manual therapy added to a therapeutic exercise program produced greater improvements than a sham manual therapy added to same exercise program in patients with non-specific shoulder pain. This was an evaluator-blinded randomized controlled trial. Forty-five subjects were randomly allocated into one of three groups: manual therapy (glenohumeral mobilization technique and rib-cage technique); thoracic sham manual therapy (glenohumeral mobilization technique and rib-cage sham technique); or sham manual therapy (sham glenohumeral mobilization technique and rib-cage sham technique). All groups also received a therapeutic exercise program. Pain intensity, disability and pain-free active shoulder range of motion were measured post treatment and at 4-week and 12-week follow-ups. Mixed-model analyses of variance and post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni corrections were constructed for the analysis of the outcome measures. All groups reported improved pain intensity, disability and pain-free active shoulder range of motion. However, there were no between-group differences in these outcome measures. The addition of the manual therapy techniques applied in the present study to a therapeutic exercise protocol did not seem to add benefits to the management of subjects with non-specific shoulder pain.
    Schlagwörter shoulder ; rotator cuff ; musculoskeletal manipulations ; exercise ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Validity and Reliability of Methods for Sonography Education in Physiotherapy

    Samuel Fernández-Carnero / Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldivar / Daniel Pecos-Martin / Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa / Alejandro Ferragut-Garcias / Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo

    Applied Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 6456, p

    Onsite vs. Online

    2020  Band 6456

    Abstract: Background: in physiotherapy, the interest in sonography education has been increasing in recent decades, giving rise to opportunities in education in an attempt to meet the elevated demand. In other health professions, online education has demonstrated ... ...

    Abstract Background: in physiotherapy, the interest in sonography education has been increasing in recent decades, giving rise to opportunities in education in an attempt to meet the elevated demand. In other health professions, online education has demonstrated to be of interest, and another possibility by which to obtain knowledge. Methods: this exploratory observational prospective study compared the outcomes between onsite versus online education, and was approved by the ethics committee of the Francisco de Vitoria University. Two groups (onsite and online) with 136 attendants and two levels for each (basic and advanced) received the same content but through different presentations. Theoretical exams were conducted via “Kahoot” and practical exams using phantoms, and the results were subject to statistical analyses. Results: the average age of onsite participants was 29.5 (25–35.25) years and 34 (28.5–40.5) for the online participants, with a higher percentage of women. The average score ranks in the Kahoot_basic test were higher for both online groups corresponding to basic (group 1) and advanced (group 2) levels: 7 (6.5, 7.5) for group 1 and 7 (6.5, 8.5) for group 2 vs. the onsite groups: 6 (5.5, 7) for group 1 and 6 (5, 6.5) for group 2. In the practical exam, the model detected that a small negative difference between the Onsite 2 group and the total effect (−1.23148, SE = 0.43687) was significant (t = −2.819, p = 0.00558) with a low effect size (R 2 adjusted = 0.025) for the measurements of the hollow structure; the difference between the Online 2 and Onsite 1 group was positive (1.5026, SE = 0.5822) and significant (t = 2.5809, p = 0.0113), with a low effect size (R 2 adjusted = 0.016) for the solid structure depth measurement. Conclusions: the results showed that there could be an opportunity to access sonography knowledge through online education in physical therapy compared to the traditional onsite model. These conclusions support the use of a low-cost and accessible method for ultrasound education.
    Schlagwörter physiotherapy ; ultrasound ; online education ; onsite education ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 796
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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