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Article ; Online: Task shifting of cardiovascular disease risk assessment to Anganwadi Worker in Northern India

Unnas / Kavita / Jarnail S Thakur / Sandhya Ghai / Sushma K Saini

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 11, Iss 3, Pp 1109-

2022 Volume 1113

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Task shifting in various forms has been adopted extensively around the world in an effort to increase access to CVD risk assessment for early identification ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Task shifting in various forms has been adopted extensively around the world in an effort to increase access to CVD risk assessment for early identification of high-risk individuals. Present study explored the feasibility of task shifting of CVD risk assessment by anganwadi workers (AWWs). Method: An operational study was carried out with the objective to develop the knowledge and skill of AWWs in CVD risk assessment. The study was carried out in the anganwadi centres of Northern India. A total of 40 AWWs were enrolled by using purposive sampling technique. They were trained in CVD risk assessment till they fully developed the skill. These trained AWW carried out CVD risk assessment among subjects aged ≥40 years. Cohen Kappa was used to determine the reliability of risk assessment by AWWs. Communication skills of AWWs were measured by using a standardized communication checklist. Result: Result revealed high interrater reliability of risk scores generated by AWWs and researcher (k = 0.91). Majority of the AWWs (87%) demonstrated good communication skills. Conclusion: Study concludes that AWWs can be trained in CVD risk assessment using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts. With proper training and supervision, the task of the CVD risk assessment can be shifted to AWWs.
Keywords	anganwari worker (aww) ; cardiovascular diseases (cvds) ; noncommunicable diseases (ncd) ; task shifting ; who/ish risk prediction charts ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of a breathing training program on quality of life in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease

Lasara Kharbteng / Monaliza / Vivek Kumar / Sukhpal Kaur / Sandhya Ghai

Indian Journal of Palliative Care, Vol 26, Iss 3, Pp 271-

A randomized controlled trial

2020 Volume 275

Abstract: Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have suboptimal quality of life (QOL). Various studies/researches have revealed that breathing exercises have a positive and favorable impact on different systems of the body. Aims: This study aims to assess ...

Abstract	Context: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have suboptimal quality of life (QOL). Various studies/researches have revealed that breathing exercises have a positive and favorable impact on different systems of the body. Aims: This study aims to assess the effect of a breathing training program on QOL in patients with predialysis CKD. Settings: The study was a single-center study conducted at PGIMER, Chandigarh. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Sixty individuals were enrolled and randomized using lottery method. QOL was assessed or evaluated by Kidney Disease and QOL questionnaire (KDQOL™-36). Breathing exercises were taught to the intervention group. Patients included in control group continued with the routine care. Assessment of QOL was done after 4 weeks in both the groups. Results: Change in KDQOL™-36 scores showed significant difference between control and the intervention group. The mean scores of control group in the subscale effects of kidney disease, SF-12 Physical functioning (Physical Health Composite) and SF-12 Mental functioning (Mental Health Composite) were 84.79, 39.16 and 37.40, respectively, whereas in intervention group, the respective mean scores were 91.88, 43.92, and 44.16. The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.04, P = 0.01, and P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: Breathing training program improves QOL in patients with predialysis CKD.
Keywords	breathing training program ; chronic kidney disease ; quality of life ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of interventions by nurse practitioners for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries

Kavita Kavita / J S Thakur / Sandhya Ghai / Tarun Narang

International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 143-

A systematic review protocol

2020 Volume 148

Abstract: Introduction: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face numerous challenges in the implementation of noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention programs due to a shortage of health manpower. Task shifting to nurses is a viable and effective solution to ...

Abstract	Introduction: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face numerous challenges in the implementation of noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention programs due to a shortage of health manpower. Task shifting to nurses is a viable and effective solution to address the health-care human resource crisis. The major advantage of involving nurses is that they are the largest, skilled, and already established workforce in any health-care institution. Despite the effectiveness of NCD interventions by nurse practitioners (NPs), there is a relative lack of evidence from LMICs which prevents the scale-up of the NPs model for better health outcomes. We, therefore, intend to assess the existing evidence on the effectiveness of interventions by NPs for the management of chronic NCDs in LMICs. Methods and Analysis: Electronic databases, i.e., PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and clinical registries of different LMICs in the English language shall be searched between 2004 and 2019 (last 15 years). Research designs to be included are randomized controlled trials, before–after studies, and Quasi-experimental studies. The primary outcome includes the change in behavioral risk factors, physiological risk factors, and clinical parameters. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will be performed. Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval has been obtained from the institute ethics committee. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and presentation at national and international conferences. Study Design: Systematic review. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019118430
Keywords	low- and middle-income countries ; noncommunicable diseases ; nurse practitioners ; systematic review protocol ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Nurses role in cardiovascular risk assessment and communication

Kavita Kavita / Jarnail Singh Thakur / Rajesh Vijayvergiya / Sandhya Ghai

International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 4-

Indian nurses perspective

2020 Volume 10

Abstract: Background: Internationally, the implementation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programs by nurse practitioners is being encouraged. Evidence suggests the effectiveness of nurse-led clinics for the primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Internationally, the implementation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention programs by nurse practitioners is being encouraged. Evidence suggests the effectiveness of nurse-led clinics for the primary and secondary prevention of CVDs. However, in India, nurses are underutilized for this task. The present study was undertaken to check the feasibility of task shifting of CVD risk assessment and management by nurses and have concluded that given appropriate training, nurses can do this task. However, to facilitate the implementation of these tasks by nurses at the larger level, barriers need to be identified and lifted. Hence, the experiences of nurses who participated in the study were assessed. Methodology: Qualitative approach was adopted to explore the experiences of nurses who participated in the study to determine the potential barriers and facilitators to implementing CV risk assessment and management using the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) charts as routine practice by nurses. In-depth interviews were conducted with the help of the topic guide. These interviews were transcribed verbatim for analysis. A total of six in-depth interviews were conducted. No new themes emerged after the first four interviews. Results: A total of six nurses participated in the study. All the nurses were female, with the mean age of 38 ± 9.2 years. The analysis resulted in seven key themes which are crucial to the nurses involvement in CVD risk assessment and management. The themes are (1) Use of WHO/ISH charts in routine nursing practice, (2) Lack of contact with patients, (3) Time, (4) Lack of appraisal and Performance-based appraisal, (5) Increasing the scope of task shifting, (6) Infrastructure, (7) Training facilities for nurses, (8) Team member support. Conclusion: The study concludes that despite the challenges and barriers participating nurses expressed their willingness to do the task of CVD risk assessment and management. Appropriate training and continuous ...
Keywords	cardiovascular risk assessment ; nurse practitioners ; risk communication ; world health organization/international society of hypertension charts ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Randomized controlled trial on the promotion of sexual health using “self-care interventional package” in men who have sex with men

Anjali Sharma / Karobi Das / Sushma Kumari Saini / Sandhya Ghai / Sandeep Mittal / Manmeet Kaur

Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol 46, Iss 2, Pp 221-

2021 Volume 225

Abstract: Purpose: Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a vulnerable group, who have been neglected and discriminated. Such discrimination decreases their access to health care and increases the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Men who have sex with men (MSM) is a vulnerable group, who have been neglected and discriminated. Such discrimination decreases their access to health care and increases the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aims and Objective: The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of “self-care interventional package” on the promotion of sexual health, among MSM. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on MSM from two nongovernmental organization centers of Chandigarh, which were randomized by simple random sampling into a control and experimental group. Over a period of 1 month, a total of 115 MSM were found eligible; 55 in control group and 60 in experimental group. Data were collected by a personal interview, after taking consent, in a comfortable and private environment. The Self-Care Interventional Package on the promotion of sexual health was developed in the form of flash book and booklet, and delivered by one-to-one interaction. Three follow-ups were done weekly for motivation in both the groups. Postintervention assessment was conducted after 1 month. Results: There was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) improvement in knowledge about prevention and management of STIs and HIV, getting vaccinated for Hepatitis B and regular self check-up. Statistically significant reduction in unsafe sexual practices was noted among the MSM of experimental group. Conclusion: The self-care interventional package for the promotion of sexual health was effective in improving the sexual heath of the MSM population.
Keywords	human immunodeficiency virus ; men who have sex with men ; self-care interventional package ; sexual health ; sexually transmitted infection ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Knowledge and attitude of nursing students toward electroconvulsive therapy

Nitasha Sharma / Sandhya Ghai / Sandeep Grover

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, Vol 8, Iss 5, Pp 7-

2017 Volume 12

Abstract: Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the commonly used treatment modalities for patients with severe mental disorders. However, acceptance of ECT by the patient and relatives often depends on how the health-care professionals themselves ... ...

Abstract	Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the commonly used treatment modalities for patients with severe mental disorders. However, acceptance of ECT by the patient and relatives often depends on how the health-care professionals themselves present the treatment modality to the patients and their relatives. There is a lack of information about the knowledge and attitude toward ECT among health professionals. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge about and attitude toward ECT among nursing students. Methodology: Knowledge of and attitudes toward ECT among nursing students were assessed using ECT knowledge and attitude questionnaires. Results: The study included 183 nursing students. Majority (n = 62; 60.8%) of the participants obtained information about ECT from media (movies, television, print media, etc.). None of the students had full knowledge about ECT. Although a significant proportion of students had knowledge about the ECT procedure and consent procedure, majority of them had poor knowledge about the effectiveness, mechanism of action, indications, and side effects of ECT. Negative attitudes were also highly prevalent, with more than two-thirds of the participants having negative attitudes toward ECT on more than half of the attitude items of the scale. Total knowledge score positively correlated with total attitude score, suggesting that higher knowledge was associated with more positive attitude. Conclusions: Although nursing students have knowledge about basic ECT procedure and consent, they lack knowledge about the effectiveness, mechanism of action, indications, and side effects of ECT. Negative attitude toward ECT is also highly prevalent among nursing students. Accordingly, there is a need to improve the knowledge and address the negative attitude of nursing students, which may ultimately lead to better acceptance of the treatment.
Keywords	Attitude ; electroconvulsive therapy ; knowledge ; nurses ; students ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of “percutaneous coronary intervention care program” on selected variables among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Poonam Sharma / Sandhya Ghai / Manoj Kumar Rohit / Monika Dutta

International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 126-

2018 Volume 133

Abstract: Objective: The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of “percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) care program” among patients undergoing PCI. Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted, and purposive sampling technique was ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of “percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) care program” among patients undergoing PCI. Subjects and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted, and purposive sampling technique was used to enroll the patients in the experimental and control groups. Different tools were used to collect the data, which include numerical pain and comfort rating scale, Barthel Index for activities of daily living, assessment for the presence of vascular complications, modified CADEQ-SV questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale, self-structured satisfaction scale, and PCI manual. Results: There was a significant decrease observed in state anxiety (P < 0.001), pain level at 12 h (P = 0.03), discomfort within 12 h (P < 0.001) and 24 h (P = 0.002), improving knowledge regarding coronary artery disease (CAD) (P < 0.001), and activities of daily living as well as significant increase in satisfaction level (P < 0.001) among patients undergoing PCI in the experimental group than the control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that this program was effective in reducing anxiety, pain, and discomfort and increased satisfaction level, knowledge regarding CAD, and independence in self-care activities for PCI patients.
Keywords	Coronary artery disease ; educational and interventional package ; percutaneous coronary intervention ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Living with an alcoholic partner

Nitasha Sharma / Sunita Sharma / Sandhya Ghai / Debashish Basu / Deepika Kumari / Dharamveer Singh / Gagandeep Kaur

Industrial Psychiatry Journal, Vol 25, Iss 1, Pp 65-

Problems faced and coping strategies used by wives of alcoholic clients

2016 Volume 71

Abstract: Background: Alcoholism is considered as a major health as well as a social problem. Often the family members of alcoholics suffer intense psychological, physical and social trauma due to the core drinking problem of the family member. Most deeply ... ...

Abstract	Background: Alcoholism is considered as a major health as well as a social problem. Often the family members of alcoholics suffer intense psychological, physical and social trauma due to the core drinking problem of the family member. Most deeply affected are the wives of alcoholics. Aim: The present descriptive study aimed to investigate the problems faced and coping strategies used by the wives of alcoholics. Methodology: A total of 30 wives of alcoholic clients seeking treatment in De-addiction Centre were interviewed for the same. The problems were identified using a non standardized 17 item structured questionnaire while coping in wives of alcoholics was assessed using standardized tool. Results: The findings revealed the problems faced by alcoholics wives were in multiple domains viz. physical, psychological and social. While most highly reported were the emotional problems and least reported were the problems of physical violence. Coping strategies used by wives of alcoholics were reported in three major styles: engaged, tolerant and withdrawal. Conclusion and Recommendations: The problems faced by alcoholics have often wedged the attention in society yet finding and applying effective interventions to reduce the pain and suffering of being a partner of alcoholic is still a challenge.
Keywords	Alcohol ; coping ; wives ; Psychiatry ; RC435-571 ; Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ; RC346-429 ; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ; RC321-571 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; Industrial psychology ; HF5548.7-5548.85
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Assessment of Utilization of Rehabilitation Services among Stroke Survivors.

Mahak, Chandel / Shashi / Yashomati / Hemlata / Manisha, Nagi / Sandhya, Ghai / Dheeraj, Khurana / Dhandapani, Manju / Dhandapani, S S

Journal of neurosciences in rural practice

2018 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 461–467

Abstract: Background: Rehabilitation is probably one of the most important phases of recovery for many stroke survivors. The current study was conducted with the objective to assess the utilization of rehabilitation services and factors affecting nonutilization ... ...

Abstract	Background: Rehabilitation is probably one of the most important phases of recovery for many stroke survivors. The current study was conducted with the objective to assess the utilization of rehabilitation services and factors affecting nonutilization of rehabilitation services among the stroke survivors. Materials and methods: The current study was carried out in the Neuro Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital in India. It was a descriptive study. Consecutive 55 stroke survivors who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Self-structured rehabilitation tool was used to collect the data. Results: Data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the patients comprised 70.9% of males and 29.1% of females. Among participants, 70.90% were aware about rehabilitation, 67% were utilizing rehabilitation services, whereas 33% were not utilizing rehabilitation services. In the current study, certain reasons were found behind not utilizing rehabilitation services. There were 83.3% of participants who had lack of awareness about rehabilitation services and 61.1% of participants who had no availability of rehabilitation services. Only 45.5% of rural inhabitants were utilizing rehabilitation services as compared to 81.2% of urban inhabitants and 83.23% of suburban inhabitants. Conclusion: Rehabilitation is of utmost importance. Hemiparesis, difficulty in performing activity of daily living, difficulty in performing social activities, and difficulty in reasoning were the most common problems faced by people suffering stroke after discharge from the hospital. There was lack of awareness and utilization of rehabilitation services by patients among Indian stroke population. Hence, health workers have an immense role in educating, motivating, and ensuring that rehabilitation services in rural inhabitants.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2601242-X
ISSN	0976-3155 ; 0976-3147
ISSN (online)	0976-3155
ISSN	0976-3147
DOI	10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_25_18
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Assessment of Utilization of Rehabilitation Services among Stroke Survivors

Mahak, Chandel / Manisha, Nagi / Sandhya, Ghai / Dheeraj, Khurana / Dhandapani, Manju / Dhandapani, S. S.

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

2018 Volume 09, Issue 04, Page(s) 461–467

Abstract	Background: Rehabilitation is probably one of the most important phases of recovery for many stroke survivors. The current study was conducted with the objective to assess the utilization of rehabilitation services and factors affecting nonutilization of rehabilitation services among the stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out in the Neuro Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital in India. It was a descriptive study. Consecutive 55 stroke survivors who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Self-structured rehabilitation tool was used to collect the data. Results: Data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the patients comprised 70.9% of males and 29.1% of females. Among participants, 70.90% were aware about rehabilitation, 67% were utilizing rehabilitation services, whereas 33% were not utilizing rehabilitation services. In the current study, certain reasons were found behind not utilizing rehabilitation services. There were 83.3% of participants who had lack of awareness about rehabilitation services and 61.1% of participants who had no availability of rehabilitation services. Only 45.5% of rural inhabitants were utilizing rehabilitation services as compared to 81.2% of urban inhabitants and 83.23% of suburban inhabitants. Conclusion: Rehabilitation is of utmost importance. Hemiparesis, difficulty in performing activity of daily living, difficulty in performing social activities, and difficulty in reasoning were the most common problems faced by people suffering stroke after discharge from the hospital. There was lack of awareness and utilization of rehabilitation services by patients among Indian stroke population. Hence, health workers have an immense role in educating, motivating, and ensuring that rehabilitation services in rural inhabitants.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01
Publisher	Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2601242-X
ISSN	0976-3155 ; 0976-3147
ISSN (online)	0976-3155
ISSN	0976-3147
DOI	10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_25_18
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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