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Article ; Online: Mpox and healthcare workers — a minireview of our present knowledge

AbdulRahman A. Saied / Deepak Chandran / Sandip Chakraborty / Talha Bin Emran / Kuldeep Dhama

The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, Vol 35, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Introduction Workers in the healthcare industry form the backbone of health systems everywhere. In the face of global health crises like the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak, healthcare workers like doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Introduction Workers in the healthcare industry form the backbone of health systems everywhere. In the face of global health crises like the current monkeypox (mpox) outbreak, healthcare workers like doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives, paramedics, administrators, support staff, laboratory technicians, and community health workers all play crucial roles in providing care and containing the spread of the disease. Aim Therefore, in the wake of concerns about mpox recurrence, we seek to shed light on the occupational transmission of mpox infection and the possible risk to healthcare personnel. Results Contamination of the environment of the household of cases of mpox and environment of the patient care units with the viral DNA has been reported besides asymptomatic cases and detection of viral DNA in air samples; therefore, more research on non-lesion-based testing for human mpox infection for screening asymptomatic people, particularly among populations at high risk of infection, in the event of asymptomatic transmission and potential transmission via aerosols is necessary. Monitoring efforts can be aided by incorporating mpox testing into locations where people are more likely to contract illnesses and seek medical attention. We must take a precautionary infection control approach to control the spread of the virus while completing urgent research to understand better the human-to-human mpox transmission process. Conclusions In this minireview, we discuss the potential routes of mpox transmission to healthcare and preventative strategies and measures that should be taken and considered. Graphical Abstract
Keywords	Mpox ; Healthcare ; Risk ; Personal protective equipment ; Contact tracing ; Transmission ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	SpringerOpen
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Positive Selection and Centrality in the Yeast and Fly Protein-Protein Interaction Networks

Sandip Chakraborty / David Alvarez-Ponce

BioMed Research International, Vol

2016 Volume 2016

Abstract: Proteins within a molecular network are expected to be subject to different selective pressures depending on their relative hierarchical positions. However, it is not obvious what genes within a network should be more likely to evolve under positive ... ...

Abstract	Proteins within a molecular network are expected to be subject to different selective pressures depending on their relative hierarchical positions. However, it is not obvious what genes within a network should be more likely to evolve under positive selection. On one hand, only mutations at genes with a relatively high degree of control over adaptive phenotypes (such as those encoding highly connected proteins) are expected to be “seen” by natural selection. On the other hand, a high degree of pleiotropy at these genes is expected to hinder adaptation. Previous analyses of the human protein-protein interaction network have shown that genes under long-term, recurrent positive selection (as inferred from interspecific comparisons) tend to act at the periphery of the network. It is unknown, however, whether these trends apply to other organisms. Here, we show that long-term positive selection has preferentially targeted the periphery of the yeast interactome. Conversely, in flies, genes under positive selection encode significantly more connected and central proteins. These observations are not due to covariation of genes’ adaptability and centrality with confounding factors. Therefore, the distribution of proteins encoded by genes under recurrent positive selection across protein-protein interaction networks varies from one species to another.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Strategies for successful designing of immunocontraceptive vaccines and recent updates in vaccine development against sexually transmitted infections - A review

A.S. Vickram / Kuldeep Dhama / S. Thanigaivel / Sandip Chakraborty / K. Anbarasu / Nibedita Dey / Rohini Karunakaran

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 29, Iss 4, Pp 2033-

2022 Volume 2046

Abstract: Background: The world population is continuously growing. It has been estimated that half of the world’s population is from the Asian continent, mainly from China and India. Overpopulation may lead to many societal problems as well as to changes in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: The world population is continuously growing. It has been estimated that half of the world’s population is from the Asian continent, mainly from China and India. Overpopulation may lead to many societal problems as well as to changes in the habitat. Birth control measures are thus needed to control this growth. However, for the last 50–60 years, there have not been any improvements in the field of contraception. Nevertheless, the immunocontraceptive vaccine is an emerging field, and it might be the only replacement for the existing mode of contraception for the next millennium. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are frequent, and their transmission rate increases yearly. As antibiotics are the prevailing treatment for this kind of infections, resistance in humans has increased; therefore, having effective antibiotic treatments for STIs is now a concern. Vaccines against STIs are now needed. It is thought that the improvements in the fields of proteomics, immunomics, metabolomics, and other omics will help in the successful development of vaccines. Objective: To collect and review the literature about recent advancements in immunocontraception and vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases/infections. Methods: Reliable scientific databases, such as PubMed Central, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Goggle Scholar, were consulted. Publications bearing important information on targeted antigens/immunogens for contraceptive vaccine design and advancements in vaccine development for STIs were gathered and tabulated, and details were analyzed as per the theme of each study. Results: Important antigens that have a specific role in fertility have been studied extensively for their contraceptive nature. Additionally, the advancements in the screening for the best antigens, according to their antigenic nature and how they elicit immune responses for an extended period were also studied. Herd immunity for STIs and advancements in the development of vaccines for syphilis, gonorrhea, and herpes simplex ...
Keywords	Vaccine ; Immunocontraception ; Sexually transmitted infections ; Herd immunity ; Syphilis ; Herpes simplex virus ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tularemia – a re-emerging disease with growing concern

Rinku Sharma / Rajendra Damu Patil / Birbal Singh / Sandip Chakraborty / Deepak Chandran / Kuldeep Dhama / Devi Gopinath / Gauri Jairath / Ajayta Rialch / Gorakh Mal / Putan Singh / Wanpen Chaicumpa / G. Saikumar

Veterinary Quarterly, Vol 43, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 16

Abstract: AbstractTularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, Francisella tularensis, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European ...

Abstract	AbstractTularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, Francisella tularensis, is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs. Type A (subspecies tularensis) is more virulent and causes disease mainly in North America; type B (subspecies holarctica) is widespread, while subspecies mediasiatica is present in central Asia. F. tularensis is a possible bioweapon due to its lethality, low infectious dosage, and aerosol transmission. Small mammals like rabbits, hares, and muskrats are primary sources of human infections, but true reservoir of F. tularensis is unknown. Vector-borne tularemia primarily involves ticks and mosquitoes. The bacterial subspecies involved and mode of transmission determine the clinical picture. Early signs are flu-like illnesses that may evolve into different clinical forms of tularemia that may or may not include lymphadenopathy. Ulcero-glandular and glandular forms are acquired by arthropod bite or handling of infected animals, oculo-glandular form as a result of conjunctival infection, and oro-pharyngeal form by intake of contaminated food or water. Pulmonary form appears after inhalation of bacteria. Typhoidal form may occur after infection via different routes. Human-to-human transmission has not been known. Diagnosis can be achieved by serology, bacterial culture, and molecular methods. Treatment for tularemia typically entails use of quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides. Preventive measures are necessary to avoid infection although difficult to implement. Research is underway for the development of effective live attenuated and subunit vaccines.
Keywords	Franscisella tularensis ; zoonosis ; bioterrorism agent ; tularemia ; rabbit fever ; lymphadenopathy ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A study report on phylogenetic analysis of Classical swine fever virus isolated in different parts of the World

Sandip Chakraborty / B M Veeregowda

Veterinary World, Vol 5, Iss 7.000, Pp 437-

2012 Volume 442

Abstract: Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) is the cause of an economically important and contagious disease in all age groups of pigs. Advances in molecular methods have facilitated genetic typing of this virus which is useful for classification, to trace ... ...

Abstract	Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) is the cause of an economically important and contagious disease in all age groups of pigs. Advances in molecular methods have facilitated genetic typing of this virus which is useful for classification, to trace patterns of virus spread and exposing the weaknesses in control strategies. Moreover, the genetic comparison of the isolates obtained from a series of outbreaks with known linkages can be used to validate and to interpret the genetic typing to determine the rate of virus mutation in the field. The CSF viruses are grouped into three groups under which there are ten subgroups. This review highlights the works on phylogenetic analysis carried out by different workers from time to time in different parts of the world including India to have better understanding of the diversified genogrouping of this virus. [Vet. World 2012; 5(7.000): 437-442]
Keywords	Analysis ; Classical swine fever ; Phylogenetic ; Report ; World ; Animal culture ; SF1-1100 ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Veterinary World
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The role of introns in the conservation of the metabolic genes of Arabidopsis thaliana

Mukherjee, Dola / Ashutosh Mukherjee / Debarun Acharya / Deeya Saha / Sandip Chakraborty / Tapash Chandra Ghosh

Genomics. 2018 Sept., v. 110, no. 5

2018

Abstract: In Arabidopsis thaliana, primary metabolic genes (PMGs) are more evolutionarily conserved and intron-rich than secondary metabolic genes. We observed that PMGs are more primitive and pan-taxonomically persistent as compared to secondary (SMGs) and non- ... ...

Abstract	In Arabidopsis thaliana, primary metabolic genes (PMGs) are more evolutionarily conserved and intron-rich than secondary metabolic genes. We observed that PMGs are more primitive and pan-taxonomically persistent as compared to secondary (SMGs) and non-metabolic genes (NMGs). This difference in primitiveness and persistence is primarily correlated with intron number and is independent of gene expression level. We propose a twofold explanation behind higher intron enrichment in PMGs. Firstly, introns might increase protein versatility amongst PMGs through alternative splicing, providing selective advantage of PMGs and making them more persistent across diverse plant taxa. Also, multifunctional PMGs may acquire functional domains by increasing the intronic burden. Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) accumulate at a higher rate in introns as compared to exons. Moreover, a strong negative correlation between cumulative exonic SNPs density and intron number indicates that introns may protect the exonic regions against the deleterious effect of these mutations, making them more conserved.
Keywords	alternative splicing ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; exons ; introns ; single nucleotide polymorphism
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-09
Size	p. 310-317.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	356334-0
ISSN	1089-8646 ; 0888-7543
ISSN (online)	1089-8646
ISSN	0888-7543
DOI	10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.12.003
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Candida albicans - Biology, molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and advances in diagnosis and control – An update

Dadar, Maryam / Ruchi Tiwari / Kumaragurubaran Karthik / Sandip Chakraborty / Youcef Shahali / Kuldeep Dhama

Microbial pathogenesis. 2018 Apr., v. 117

2018

Abstract: Candida albicans is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen representing an important source of invasive disease in humans and generating high healthcare costs worldwide. This fungus is frequently found in different anatomical sites of healthy ... ...

Abstract	Candida albicans is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen representing an important source of invasive disease in humans and generating high healthcare costs worldwide. This fungus is frequently found in different anatomical sites of healthy persons and could induce systemic and superficial infections under optimal environmental conditions. Invasive candidiasis (IC) is an important nosocomial infection with high morbidity and mortality rates in hospitalized children. It represents a major source of prolonged infections in intensive care unit (ICU), particularly in immunosuppressed or elderly patients. Clinical diagnosis of candidiasis could be difficult because of the lack of specific symptoms and clinical signs. Although C. albicans is the most frequently isolated Candida species in IC, non-albicans Candida (NAC) species are also commonly detected. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), electrophoretic karyotyping (EK), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are known as an efficient technique used for molecular typing of Candida species. The efficacy of antifungal treatment against candidiasis has been evaluated and discussed in the context of large epidemiological studies. The present review highlights the etiology, epidemiology, molecular typing, commensalism and virulence factors, along with the appropriate prevention and control strategies regarding this widespread pathogen.
Keywords	Candida albicans ; candidiasis ; children ; commensalism ; cross infection ; elderly ; electrophoresis ; environmental factors ; epidemiological studies ; fungi ; karyotyping ; morbidity ; mortality ; multilocus sequence typing ; multiple drug resistance ; pathogens ; patients ; people ; random amplified polymorphic DNA technique ; restriction fragment length polymorphism ; virulence
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-04
Size	p. 128-138.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	632772-2
ISSN	1096-1208 ; 0882-4010
ISSN (online)	1096-1208
ISSN	0882-4010
DOI	10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.028
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Egg Drop Syndrome-76 (EDS-76) in Japanese Quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica )

Narayan Mohapatra / Jag Mohan Kataria / Sandip Chakraborty / Kuldeep Dhama

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 17, Iss 6, Pp 821-

An Experimental Study Revealing Pathology, Effect on Egg Production/Quality and Immune Responses

2014 Volume 828

Abstract: Egg Drop Syndrome-76 (EDS-76) is a recognized disease of chickens and Japanese Quails, which is of high economic importance due to its drastic negative effects on egg production in laying birds. The aim of the present study was to better understand the ... ...

Abstract	Egg Drop Syndrome-76 (EDS-76) is a recognized disease of chickens and Japanese Quails, which is of high economic importance due to its drastic negative effects on egg production in laying birds. The aim of the present study was to better understand the EDS-76 viral disease process in Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ), since very limited studies have been conducted in this species of birds. For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted with infection of EDS-76 virus in laying Japanese quails to reveal pathology, effect on egg production/quality and immune responses of this virus in these birds. By 7, 9 and 13-15 Days Post Infection (DPI), drop as well as aberrant egg production and lower mean egg quality were observed compared to control birds. Significant histopathological changes were observed in genitalia and spleen. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) titres rose rapidly by 2nd week when it became maximum; thereafter declined and maintained at low levels up to 10 week post infection. The mean total protein values in infected quail gradually increased to 4.10±0.05/100 mL without any change in mean albumen value at 12 DPI. In conclusion, the course of the EDS-76 is significant not only in chickens but also in quails even though it occurs occasionally in quails. Explorative pathological, blood biochemical and immunological studies are suggested during EDS-76 viral disease course in quails. This would aid in formulating effective disease prevention and control measures for this economically important disease of poultry.
Keywords	poultry ; HI ; FAT ; Egg drop syndrome-76 ; ELISA ; pathology ; egg quality ; egg production ; immune response ; biochemical profile ; quail ; EDS-76 virus ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Asian Network for Scientific Information
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Assessment of stress & related albuminuria in caregivers of severe mentally ill persons

Anirban Dalui / Prathama Guha / Angshuman De / Sandip Chakraborty / Indranil Chakraborty

Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol 139, Iss 1, Pp 174-

2014 Volume 177

Abstract: Background & objectives: The family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases are known to undergo psychiatric stress leading to oxidative damage to glomerular membrane of kidney resulting in proteinuria. This study was aimed to compare current ... ...

Abstract	Background & objectives: The family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases are known to undergo psychiatric stress leading to oxidative damage to glomerular membrane of kidney resulting in proteinuria. This study was aimed to compare current anxiety, depression levels and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio between primary caregivers of chronic mental patients and matched controls, and also whether the urinary albumin : creatinine ratio is correlated with stress factors (state and trait anxiety level, depression and caregiver burden) amongst caregivers. Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 131 subjects (93 primary caregivers of patients with major mental illness as cases and 38 normal controls). They completed the Burden Assessment Schedule of SCARF, State Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck′s Depression Inventory. A spot urine sample was tested for urinary albumin : creatinine ratio from all study subjects. Results: Mean values of current State and Trait anxiety, depression, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio were significantly higher in caregivers than controls (P < 0.001). Urinary albumin : creatinine ratio was significantly correlated (P < 0.001) with State and Trait anxiety level, depression as well as caregiver burden. Interpretation & conclusions: The study demonstrated depression , anxiety and albuminuria amongst primary caregivers of patients with mental illness. Increase in the caregivers′ burden, depression and anxiety resulted in an increase in the urinary albumin: creatinine ratio. This indicates that psychological stress is one of the determinants of albumin excretion rate in otherwise healthy subjects.
Keywords	Albuminuria - albumin : creatinine ratio - anxiety - depression - primary caregivers - schizophrenia ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Insights into the dN/dS ratio heterogeneity between brain specific genes and widely expressed genes in species of different complexity

Biswas, Kakali / Sandip Chakraborty / Soumita Podder / Tapash Chandra Ghosh

Genomics. 2016 July, v. 108, no. 1

2016

Abstract: In mammals, it has long been suggested that brain-specific genes (BSGs) and widely expressed genes (WEGs) have seemingly lower dN/dS ratio than any other gene sets. However, to what extent these genes differ in their dN/dS ratio has still remained ... ...

Abstract	In mammals, it has long been suggested that brain-specific genes (BSGs) and widely expressed genes (WEGs) have seemingly lower dN/dS ratio than any other gene sets. However, to what extent these genes differ in their dN/dS ratio has still remained controversial. Here, we have revealed lower dN/dS ratio of BSGs than WEGs in human-mouse, human-orangutan, human-chimpanzee and mouse-rat orthologous pair. The significance level of dN/dS ratio difference indicates a trend of decreasing difference as complexity of compared pairs increases. Further studies with the human-mouse pair revealed that, removal of the duplicated genes from both the dataset has nullified this difference which dictates a vital role of duplicated genes in governing the selection pressure. Conclusively, higher paralog number, expression level, and longer regulatory region length of BSGs allow fewer nucleotide substitutions within them. Our results show for the first time to our knowledge lower dN/dS ratio of BSGs than WEGs.
Keywords	brain ; data collection ; gene expression ; genes ; mammals
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-07
Size	p. 11-17.
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	356334-0
ISSN	1089-8646 ; 0888-7543
ISSN (online)	1089-8646
ISSN	0888-7543
DOI	10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.04.004
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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