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Article ; Online: Letter Concerning Medicare Should Not Cover Aducanumab as a Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease by Moghavem, Henderson, and Greicius.

Sandrock, Alfred

2021 Volume 90, Issue 6, Page(s) 1004–1006

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Humans ; Medicare ; United States
Chemical Substances	Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; aducanumab (105J35OE21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80362-5
ISSN	1531-8249 ; 0364-5134
ISSN (online)	1531-8249
ISSN	0364-5134
DOI	10.1002/ana.26254
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Zs.A 1370: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
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Article ; Online: Perceptual Difficulty Persistently Increases Dominance in Binocular Rivalry-Even Without a Task.

Einhäuser, Wolfgang / Sandrock, Annalena / Schütz, Alexander C

Perception

2021 Volume 50, Issue 4, Page(s) 343–366

Abstract: A major objective of perception is the reduction of uncertainty about the outside world. Eye-movement research has demonstrated that attention and oculomotor control can subserve the function of decreasing uncertainty in vision. Here, we ask whether a ... ...

Abstract	A major objective of perception is the reduction of uncertainty about the outside world. Eye-movement research has demonstrated that attention and oculomotor control can subserve the function of decreasing uncertainty in vision. Here, we ask whether a similar effect exists for awareness in binocular rivalry, when two distinct stimuli presented to the two eyes compete for awareness. We tested whether this competition can be biased by uncertainty about the stimuli and their relevance for a perceptual task. Specifically, we have stimuli that are perceptually difficult (i.e., carry high perceptual uncertainty) compete with stimuli that are perceptually easy (low perceptual uncertainty). Using a no-report paradigm and reading the dominant stimulus continuously from the observers' eye movements, we find that the perceptually difficult stimulus becomes more dominant than the easy stimulus. This difference is enhanced by the stimuli's relevance for the task. In trials with task, the difference in dominance emerges quickly, peaks before the response, and then persists throughout the trial (further 10 s). However, the difference is already present in blocks before task instruction and still observable when the stimuli have ceased to be task relevant. This shows that perceptual uncertainty persistently increases perceptual dominance, and this is magnified by task relevance.
MeSH term(s)	Attention ; Eye ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Sensation ; Vision, Binocular
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	185533-5
ISSN	1468-4233 ; 0301-0066
ISSN (online)	1468-4233
ISSN	0301-0066
DOI	10.1177/0301006621999929
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Conference proceedings: Entwicklung und weitere Optimierung eines Logbuchs für Bachelorstudierende der Physician Assistance

Kujumdshiev, Sandy / Sandrock, Anja / Geller, Martin / Spranger, Nick / Richter, Tobias / Kerckhoff, Annette

2023 , Page(s) V–16–02

Event/congress	Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA); Osnabrück; 2023
Keywords	Medizin, Gesundheit
Publishing date	2023-09-11
Publisher	German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; Düsseldorf
Document type	Conference proceedings
DOI	10.3205/23gma082
Database	German Medical Science

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Article ; Online: Investigating Partially Discordant Results in Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab.

Mallinckrodt, C / Tian, Y / Aisen, P S / Barkhof, F / Cohen, S / Dent, G / Hansson, O / Harrison, K / Iwatsubo, T / Mummery, C J / Muralidharan, K K / Nestorov, I / Nisenbaum, L / Rajagovindan, R / von Hehn, C / van Dyck, C H / Vellas, B / Wu, S / Zhu, Y /

Sandrock, A / Chen, T / Budd Haeberlein, S

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease

2023 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 171–177

Abstract: Objectives: Efficacy and safety results from the EMERGE (NCT02484547) and ENGAGE (NCT02477800) phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been published. In EMERGE, but not in ENGAGE, high-dose aducanumab demonstrated ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Efficacy and safety results from the EMERGE (NCT02484547) and ENGAGE (NCT02477800) phase 3 studies of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been published. In EMERGE, but not in ENGAGE, high-dose aducanumab demonstrated significant treatment effects across primary and secondary endpoints. Low-dose aducanumab results were consistent across studies with non-significant differences versus placebo that were intermediate to the high-dose arm in EMERGE. The present investigation examined data from EMERGE and ENGAGE through post-hoc analyses to determine factors that contributed to discordant results between the high-dose arms of the two studies. Design: EMERGE and ENGAGE were 2 phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies. Setting: EMERGE and ENGAGE were 2 global multicenter studies involving 348 sites in 20 countries. Participants: Participants in EMERGE and ENGAGE were aged 50 to 85 years and had mild cognitive impairment or mild AD dementia with confirmed amyloid pathology. The randomized and dosed population (all randomized patients who received at least one dose of study treatment) included 1638 patients in EMERGE and 1647 in ENGAGE. Intervention: In EMERGE and ENGAGE, participants were randomized to receive low- or high-dose aducanumab or placebo (1:1:1) once every 4 weeks. Measurements: In this paper, 4 areas were investigated through post-hoc analyses to understand the discordance in the high-dose arms of the EMERGE and ENGAGE studies: baseline characteristics, amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, non-normality of the data, and dosing/exposure to aducanumab. Results: Post-hoc analyses showed that outcomes in the ENGAGE high-dose group were affected by an imbalance in a small number of patients with extremely rapid progression and by lower exposure to the target dose of 10 mg/kg. These factors were confounded and present in early enrolled patients but were not present in later-enrolled patients who were randomized to the target dosing regimen of 10 mg/kg after titration. Neither baseline characteristics nor amyloid-related imaging abnormalities contributed to the difference in results between the high-dose arms. Conclusions: Results were consistent across studies in later enrolled patients in which the incidence of rapidly progressing patients was balanced across treatment arms.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	aducanumab (105J35OE21) ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2782183-3
ISSN	2426-0266 ; 2274-5807
ISSN (online)	2426-0266
ISSN	2274-5807
DOI	10.14283/jpad.2023.6
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Article ; Online: Results from the long-term extension of PRIME: A randomized Phase 1b trial of aducanumab.

Chen, Tianle / O'Gorman, John / Castrillo-Viguera, Carmen / Rajagovindan, Rajasimhan / Curiale, Gioacchino G / Tian, Ying / Patel, Dakshaben / von Rosenstiel, Philipp / von Hehn, Christian / Salloway, Stephen / Hock, Christoph / Nitsch, Roger M / Haeberlein, Samantha Budd / Sandrock, Alfred / Singhal, Priya

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

2024

Abstract: Introduction: Aducanumab selectively targets aggregated forms of amyloid beta (Aβ), a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD).: Methods: PRIME was a Phase 1b, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of aducanumab. During the 12-month ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Aducanumab selectively targets aggregated forms of amyloid beta (Aβ), a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: PRIME was a Phase 1b, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of aducanumab. During the 12-month placebo-controlled period, participants with prodromal AD or mild AD dementia were randomized to receive aducanumab or placebo. At week 56, participants could enroll in a long-term extension (LTE), in which all participants received aducanumab. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Results: Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema (ARIA-E) were the most common adverse event. Dose titration was associated with a decrease in the incidence of ARIA-E. Over 48 months, aducanumab decreased brain amyloid levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exploratory endpoints suggested a continued benefit in the reduction of clinical decline over 48 months. Discussion: The safety profile of aducanumab remained unchanged in the LTE of PRIME. Amyloid plaque levels continued to decrease in participants treated with aducanumab. Highlights: PRIME was a Phase 1b, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of aducanumab. We report cumulative safety and 48-month efficacy results from PRIME. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema (ARIA-E) were the most common adverse event (AE); 61% of participants with ARIA-E were asymptomatic. Dose titration was associated with a decrease in the incidence of ARIA-E. Aducanumab decreased levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2211627-8
ISSN	1552-5279 ; 1552-5260
ISSN (online)	1552-5279
ISSN	1552-5260
DOI	10.1002/alz.13755
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Article ; Online: Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab in Early Alzheimer's Disease.

Budd Haeberlein, S / Aisen, P S / Barkhof, F / Chalkias, S / Chen, T / Cohen, S / Dent, G / Hansson, O / Harrison, K / von Hehn, C / Iwatsubo, T / Mallinckrodt, C / Mummery, C J / Muralidharan, K K / Nestorov, I / Nisenbaum, L / Rajagovindan, R / Skordos, L / Tian, Y /

van Dyck, C H / Vellas, B / Wu, S / Zhu, Y / Sandrock, A

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease

2022 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 197–210

Abstract: Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible, and fatal disease for which accumulation of amyloid beta is thought to play a key role in pathogenesis. Aducanumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against aggregated soluble and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible, and fatal disease for which accumulation of amyloid beta is thought to play a key role in pathogenesis. Aducanumab is a human monoclonal antibody directed against aggregated soluble and insoluble forms of amyloid beta. Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of aducanumab in early Alzheimer's disease. Design: EMERGE and ENGAGE were two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, global, phase 3 studies of aducanumab in patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Setting: These studies involved 348 sites in 20 countries. Participants: Participants included 1638 (EMERGE) and 1647 (ENGAGE) patients (aged 50-85 years, confirmed amyloid pathology) who met clinical criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease or mild Alzheimer's disease dementia, of which 1812 (55.2%) completed the study. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive aducanumab low dose (3 or 6 mg/kg target dose), high dose (10 mg/kg target dose), or placebo via IV infusion once every 4 weeks over 76 weeks. Measurements: The primary outcome measure was change from baseline to week 78 on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), an integrated scale that assesses both function and cognition. Other measures included safety assessments; secondary and tertiary clinical outcomes that assessed cognition, function, and behavior; and biomarker endpoints. Results: EMERGE and ENGAGE were halted based on futility analysis of data pooled from the first approximately 50% of enrolled patients; subsequent efficacy analyses included data from a larger data set collected up to futility declaration and followed prespecified statistical analyses. The primary endpoint was met in EMERGE (difference of -0.39 for high-dose aducanumab vs placebo [95% CI, -0.69 to -0.09; P=.012; 22% decrease]) but not in ENGAGE (difference of 0.03, [95% CI, -0.26 to 0.33; P=.833; 2% increase]). Results of biomarker substudies confirmed target engagement and dose-dependent reduction in markers of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. The most common adverse event was amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-edema. Conclusions: Data from EMERGE demonstrated a statistically significant change across all four primary and secondary clinical endpoints. ENGAGE did not meet its primary or secondary endpoints. A dose- and time-dependent reduction in pathophysiological markers of Alzheimer's disease was observed in both trials.
MeSH term(s)	Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Biomarkers ; aducanumab (105J35OE21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2782183-3
ISSN	2426-0266 ; 2274-5807
ISSN (online)	2426-0266
ISSN	2274-5807
DOI	10.14283/jpad.2022.30
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Article ; Online: Benefits of early treatment with natalizumab: a real-world study.

Ontaneda, Daniel / Mowry, Ellen M / Newsome, Scott D / Naismith, Robert T / Nicholas, Jacqueline / Fisher, Elizabeth / de Moor, Carl / Bohn, Justin / Ho, Pei-Ran / Sandrock, Al / Rudick, Richard / Williams, James R

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders

2022 Volume 68, Page(s) 104216

Abstract: Background: The impact of early versus later high-efficacy disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain. This study reported the association of early versus later natalizumab treatment with real-world clinical ... ...

Abstract	Background: The impact of early versus later high-efficacy disease-modifying therapy (DMT) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is uncertain. This study reported the association of early versus later natalizumab treatment with real-world clinical outcomes in MS patients. Methods: The study included 661 participants diagnosed with MS in 1994 or later from 7 US centers participating in the MS Partners Advancing Technology for Health Solutions (MS PATHS) network. Time to natalizumab treatment between diagnosis and first infusion (TTNT) was determined from the Tysabri Outreach: Unified Commitment to Health (TOUCH) registry. Clinical outcomes were defined using neuroperformance tests included in the Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test. Associations were tested using TTNT as a categorical and continuous variable. Linear mixed models addressed within-subject and within-site clustering. Results: TTNT varied from 0.1 to 19.8 years (median [interquartile range] 4.2 [1.8, 9.0] years). A significant association between later natalizumab use and worse outcomes was demonstrated for walking speed (p < 0.001), processing speed (p < 0.001), manual dexterity (p < 0.001), brain atrophy (p = 0.001), and T2 lesion volume (p = 0.02). Covariate-adjusted modelling of a sensitivity population diagnosed with MS in 2006 or later (n = 424) demonstrated significant associations between longer TTNT and worse walking speed (p < 0.05), processing speed (p < 0.001), and manual dexterity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Later initiation of natalizumab was associated with worse clinical and radiologic imaging outcomes. Thus, high-efficacy DMT may have greater benefit when started earlier in MS patients. These results provide a rationale for randomized controlled trials to further assess the impact of early highly-effective DMT use versus later escalation of therapy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2645330-7
ISSN	2211-0356 ; 2211-0348
ISSN (online)	2211-0356
ISSN	2211-0348
DOI	10.1016/j.msard.2022.104216
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Article ; Online: Alzheimer disease neuropathology in a patient previously treated with aducanumab.

Plowey, Edward D / Bussiere, Thierry / Rajagovindan, Raj / Sebalusky, Jennifer / Hamann, Stefan / von Hehn, Christian / Castrillo-Viguera, Carmen / Sandrock, Alfred / Budd Haeberlein, Samantha / van Dyck, Christopher H / Huttner, Anita

Acta neuropathologica

2022 Volume 144, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–153

Abstract: Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque is a defining pathologic feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). Aducanumab, a monoclonal IgG1 that selectively binds aggregated species of Aβ, has been shown by amyloid positron emission tomography (Amyloid PET) to reduce Aβ plaques ... ...

Abstract	Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque is a defining pathologic feature of Alzheimer disease (AD). Aducanumab, a monoclonal IgG1 that selectively binds aggregated species of Aβ, has been shown by amyloid positron emission tomography (Amyloid PET) to reduce Aβ plaques in patients with prodromal and mild AD. This is the first autopsy report of the AD neuropathology in a patient previously treated with aducanumab. The patient was an 84-year-old woman who was randomized to the placebo arm of the PRIME Phase 1b study (221AD103). The patient progressed to moderate dementia (MMSE = 14/30), beyond the targeted early AD treatment stage, before receiving aducanumab in the long-term extension (LTE). The patient then received 32 monthly doses of aducanumab, titrated up to 6 mg/kg, for a cumulative dose of 186 mg/kg. In the LTE, Amyloid PET scans demonstrated robust Aβ plaque reduction, from a composite standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) of 1.5 at screening to < 1.1 at 56 weeks post-aducanumab dosing. MRI examinations were negative for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). She passed away in hospice care 4 months after her last dose of aducanumab. The postmortem neuropathologic examination confirmed AD neuropathologic changes. Aβ and IBA1 immunohistochemistry assays demonstrated sparse residual Aβ plaque engaged by amoeboid reactive microglia. Phospho-Tau (pTau) immunohistochemistry demonstrated neocortical neurofibrillary degeneration (Braak stage V, NIA/AA Stage B3). However, the density of pTau neuropathology, including neuritic plaque pTau (NP-Tau), appeared lower in the PRIME LTE Patient compared to a reference cohort of untreated Braak stage V-VI, NIA/AA Stage B3 AD cases. Taken together, this case report is the first to provide Amyloid PET and neuropathologic evidence substantiating the impact of aducanumab to reduce Aβ plaque neuropathology in a patient with AD. Furthermore, this report underscores the critical importance of autopsy neuropathology studies to augment our understanding of aducanumab's mechanism of action and impact on AD biomarkers.
MeSH term(s)	Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Amyloid/metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/pathology ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; Plaque, Amyloid/prevention & control ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	Amyloid ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; aducanumab (105J35OE21)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1079-0
ISSN	1432-0533 ; 0001-6322
ISSN (online)	1432-0533
ISSN	0001-6322
DOI	10.1007/s00401-022-02433-4
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Article ; Online: Overall Disability Response Score: An integrated endpoint to assess disability improvement and worsening over time in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Chang, Ih / Kappos, Ludwig / Giovannoni, Gavin / Calabresi, Peter A / Sandrock, Alfred / Cheng, Wenting / Xiao, Shan / Riester, Katherine / Belachew, Shibeshih / Deykin, Aaron / Zhu, Bing

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

2022 Volume 28, Issue 14, Page(s) 2263–2273

Abstract: Background: Overall Disability Response Score (ODRS) is a composite endpoint including Expanded Disability Status Scale, Timed 25-foot Walk, and 9-Hole Peg Test, designed to quantify both disability improvement and worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS).!# ...

Abstract	Background: Overall Disability Response Score (ODRS) is a composite endpoint including Expanded Disability Status Scale, Timed 25-foot Walk, and 9-Hole Peg Test, designed to quantify both disability improvement and worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To assess the sensitivity and clinical meaningfulness of ODRS using natalizumab Phase 3 data sets (AFFIRM in relapsing-remitting MS and ASCEND in secondary progressive MS). Methods: Differences in ODRS over 96 weeks, ODRS at Week 96, and slope of ODRS change per year between natalizumab and placebo groups were analyzed. Correlation between ODRS and changes in patient-reported outcomes was also analyzed. Results: The difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) in the ODRS over 96 weeks between natalizumab and placebo groups was 0.34 (0.21-0.46) in AFFIRM ( Conclusion: This analysis supports ODRS as a sensitive and potentially clinically meaningful disability outcome measure in MS.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Disability Evaluation ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy ; Natalizumab/therapeutic use ; Walking
Chemical Substances	Natalizumab
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	1290669-4
ISSN	1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
ISSN (online)	1477-0970
ISSN	1352-4585
DOI	10.1177/13524585221114997
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Article ; Online: Measuring treatment response to advance precision medicine for multiple sclerosis.

Calabresi, Peter A / Kappos, Ludwig / Giovannoni, Gavin / Plavina, Tatiana / Koulinska, Irene / Edwards, Michael R / Kieseier, Bernd / de Moor, Carl / Sotirchos, Elias S / Fisher, Elizabeth / Rudick, Richard A / Sandrock, Alfred

Annals of clinical and translational neurology

2021 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) 2166–2173

Abstract: Objective: To assess the independent contributions of clinical measures (relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] scores, and neuroperformance measures) and nonclinical measures (new brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] activity and serum ... ...

Abstract	Objective: To assess the independent contributions of clinical measures (relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] scores, and neuroperformance measures) and nonclinical measures (new brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] activity and serum neurofilament light chain [sNfL] levels) for distinguishing natalizumab-treated from placebo-treated patients. Methods: We conducted post hoc analyses using data from the AFFIRM trial of natalizumab for multiple sclerosis. We used multivariable regression analyses with predictors (EDSS progression, no relapse, new or enlarging MRI activity, brain atrophy, sNfL levels, and neuroperformance worsening) to identify measures that independently discriminated between treatment groups. Results: The multivariable model that best distinguished natalizumab from placebo was no new or enlarging T2 or gadolinium-enhancing activity on MRI (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 7.2; 4.7-10.9), year 2 sNfL levels <97.5th percentile (4.1; 2.6-6.2), and no relapses in years 0-2 (2.1; 1.5-3.0). The next best-fitting model was a two-component model that included no MRI activity and sNfL levels <97.5th percentile at year 2. There was little difference between the three- and two-component models. Interpretation: Nonclinical measures (new MRI activity and sNfL levels) discriminate between treatment and placebo groups similarly to or better than clinical outcomes composites and have implications for patient monitoring.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacokinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/blood ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/diagnostic imaging ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy ; Natalizumab/pharmacology ; Neurofilament Proteins/blood ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care ; Precision Medicine
Chemical Substances	Immunologic Factors ; Natalizumab ; Neurofilament Proteins ; neurofilament protein L
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2740696-9
ISSN	2328-9503 ; 2328-9503
ISSN (online)	2328-9503
ISSN	2328-9503
DOI	10.1002/acn3.51471
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