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Article ; Online: Towards equity and justice in ocean sciences

Asha de Vos / Sergio Cambronero-Solano / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Leila Nefdt / Lucy C. Woodall / Paris V. Stefanoudis

npj Ocean Sustainability, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract The global scientific community is currently going through a self-reckoning in which it is questioning and re-examining its existing practices, many of which are based on colonial and neo-colonial perceptions. This is particularly acute for the ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The global scientific community is currently going through a self-reckoning in which it is questioning and re-examining its existing practices, many of which are based on colonial and neo-colonial perceptions. This is particularly acute for the ocean research community, where unequal and unbalanced international collaborations have been rife. Consequently, numerous discussions and calls have been made to change the current status quo by developing guidelines and frameworks addressing the key issues plaguing our community. Here, we provide an overview of the key topics and issues that the scientific community has debated over the last three to four years, with an emphasis on ocean research, coupled with actions per stakeholder groups (research community, institutions, funding agencies, and publishers). We also outline some key discussions that are currently missing and suggest a path forward to tackle these gaps. We hope this contribution will further accelerate efforts to bring more equity and justice into ocean sciences.
Keywords	Oceanography ; GC1-1581 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The COVID-19 pandemic as a pivot point for biological conservation

Amanda E. Bates / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Celene B. Milanés / Ku’ulei Rodgers / Valeria Vergara

Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 4

Abstract: The COVID-19 lockdown reduced human mobility and led to immediate insights into how humans impact nature. Yet the strongest ecological impacts are likely to come. As we emerge from the pandemic, governments should avoid prioritizing short-term economic ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 lockdown reduced human mobility and led to immediate insights into how humans impact nature. Yet the strongest ecological impacts are likely to come. As we emerge from the pandemic, governments should avoid prioritizing short-term economic gains that compromise ecosystems and the services they provide humanity. Instead, the pandemic can be a pivot point for societal transformation to value longer term ecosystem and economic sustainability.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Typology for Reef Passages

Annette Breckwoldt / Alexandra Nozik / Nils Moosdorf / Jan Bierwirth / Elodie Fache / Sebastian Ferse / Amanda Ford / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Dominique Pelletier / Susanna Piovano

Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Coral reefs host exceptionally diverse and abundant marine life. Connecting coasts and sheltered lagoons to the open ocean, reef passages are important yet poorly studied components of these ecosystems. Abiotic and biotic elements ‘pass’ through these ... ...

Abstract	Coral reefs host exceptionally diverse and abundant marine life. Connecting coasts and sheltered lagoons to the open ocean, reef passages are important yet poorly studied components of these ecosystems. Abiotic and biotic elements ‘pass’ through these reef passages, supporting critical ecological processes (e.g. fish spawning). Reef passages provide multiple social and ecological benefits for islands and their peoples, but are so far neither characterized nor recognized for their multifaceted significance. This study investigated 113 reef passages across nine Pacific islands (Fiji, New Caledonia, Vanuatu). GIS-based visual interpretations of satellite imagery were used to develop criteria to define three distinct types, mainly based on distance to coastline and presence/absence of an enclosed water body. The discussion identifies ways to refine and augment this preliminary typology as part of a research agenda for reef passages. With these next steps, this typology will be extendable to other regions to better document reef passages and their various roles, supporting biodiversity conservation and sustainable fisheries management.
Keywords	reef passages ; GIS (Geographic Information System) ; satellite imagery ; visual interpretation ; marine biodiversity ; Fiji ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Predicting climate-sensitive water-related disease trends based on health, seasonality and weather data in Fiji

Sarah Nelson / Aaron Jenkins / Stacy D. Jupiter / Pierre Horwitz / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Seye Abimbola / Anaseini Ratu / Timoci Naivalulevu / Joel Negin

The Journal of Climate Change and Health, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100112- (2022)

2022

Abstract: Leptospirosis, typhoid and dengue are three water-related diseases influenced by environmental factors. We examined whether seasonality and rainfall predict reported syndromes associated with leptospirosis, typhoid and dengue in Fiji. Poisson generalised ...

Abstract	Leptospirosis, typhoid and dengue are three water-related diseases influenced by environmental factors. We examined whether seasonality and rainfall predict reported syndromes associated with leptospirosis, typhoid and dengue in Fiji. Poisson generalised linear models were fitted with s6 early warning, alert and response system (EWARS) syndromic conditions from March 2016 until December 2020, incorporating seasonality, temperature and rainfall. Watery diarrhoea, prolonged fever and suspected dengue displayed seasonal trends with peaks corresponding with the rainy season, while bloody diarrhoea, acute fever with rash and acute jaundice syndrome did not. Seasonality was the most common predictor for watery and bloody diarrhoea, prolonged fever, suspected dengue, and acute fever plus rash in those aged 5 and over, explaining between 0.4% – 37.8% of the variation across all conditions. Higher rainfall was the most common predictor for acute fever plus rash and acute jaundice syndrome in children under 5, explaining between 1.0% – 7.6% variation across all conditions. Each EWARS syndromic condition case peak was associated with a different rainfall lag, varying between 0 and 11 weeks. The relationships between EWARS, rainfall and seasonality show that it is possible to predict when outbreaks will occur by following seasonality and rainfall. Pre-positioning of diagnostic and treatment resources could then be aligned with seasonality and rainfall peaks to plan and address water-related disease outbreaks.
Keywords	Leptospirosis ; Typhoid ; Dengue ; Rainfall ; Syndromic surveillance ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Meteorology. Climatology ; QC851-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Why human rights matter for marine conservation

Patrick Smallhorn-West / Edward Allison / Georgina Gurney / Divya Karnad / Heidi Kretser / Aaron Savio Lobo / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Helen Newing / Kamille Pennell / Sushil Raj / Alexander Tilley / Haley Williams / S. Hoyt Peckham

Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Human rights matter for marine conservation because people and nature are inextricably linked. A thriving planet cannot be one that contains widespread human suffering or stifles human potential; and a thriving humanity cannot exist on a dying planet. ... ...

Abstract	Human rights matter for marine conservation because people and nature are inextricably linked. A thriving planet cannot be one that contains widespread human suffering or stifles human potential; and a thriving humanity cannot exist on a dying planet. While the field of marine conservation is increasingly considering human well-being, it retains a legacy in some places of protectionism, colonialism, and fortress conservation. Here, we i) provide an overview of human rights principles and how they relate to marine conservation, ii) document cases where tensions have occurred between marine conservation goals and human rights, iii) review the legal and ethical obligations, and practical benefits, for marine conservation to support human rights, and iv) provide practical guidance on integrating human rights principles into marine conservation. We argue that adopting a human rights-based approach to marine conservation, that is integrating equity as a rights-based condition rather than a charitable principle, will not only help meet legal and ethical obligations to respect, protect, and fulfil human rights, but will also result in greater and more enduring conservation impact.
Keywords	small-scale fisheries ; co-management ; community-based management ; marine protected areas ; fortress conservation ; human rights-based approach ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333 ; 170
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tailoring social safeguards in conservation to reflect the local context and level of risk

David Wilkie / Heidi E. Kretser / Michael Painter / Faye O'Brien / Alexa Holmes / Kathryn Mastro / Michelle Wieland / Gayathri Sriskanthan / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Stacy Jupiter / Lilian Painter / Cheryl Chetkiewicz

Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 4, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

2022

Keywords	community‐based conservation ; FPIC ; grievance redress ; human subjects ; indigenous peoples ; protected areas ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) removal on shallow-water sediments in Fiji

Steven Lee / Amanda K. Ford / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Christian Wild / Sebastian C.A. Ferse

PeerJ, Vol 6, p e

2018 Volume 4773

Abstract: Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals ... ...

Abstract	Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals globally. The implications of sea cucumber fisheries for shallow coastal ecosystems and their management remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the current study manipulated densities of Holothuria scabra within enclosures on a reef flat in Fiji, between August 2015 and February 2016, to study the effects of sea cucumber removal on sedimentary function as a biocatalytic filter system. Three treatments were investigated: (i) high density (350 g m−2 wet weight; ca. 15 individuals); (ii) natural density (60 g m−2; ca. 3 individuals); and (iii) exclusion (0 g m−2). Quantity of sediment reworked through ingestion by H. scabra, grain size distribution, O2 penetration depth, and sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) were quantified within each treatment. Findings revealed that the natural population of H. scabra at the study site can rework ca. 10,590 kg dry sediment 1,000 m−2 year−1; more than twice the turnover rate recorded for H. atra and Stichopus chloronotus. There was a shift towards finer fraction grains in the high treatment. In the exclusion treatment, the O2 penetration depth decreased by 63% following a 6 °C increase in water temperature over the course of two months, while in the high treatment no such change was observed. SOC rates increased ca. two-fold in the exclusion treatment within the first month, and were consistently higher than in the high treatment. These results suggest that the removal of sea cucumbers can reduce the capacity of sediments to buffer OM pulses, impeding the function and productivity of shallow coastal ecosystems.
Keywords	Bioturbation ; Holothurians ; Overfishing ; Oxygen consumption ; Benthic-pelagic coupling ; Ecosystem management ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: A SocialâEcological Systems Approach to Assessing Conservation and Fisheries Outcomes in Fijian Locally Managed Marine Areas

Jupiter, Stacy D / Graham Epstein / Natalie C. Ban / Sangeeta Mangubhai / Margaret Fox / Michael Cox

Society & natural resources. 2017 Sept. 2, v. 30, no. 9

2017

Abstract: Locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) are often recommended as a strategy to achieve conservation and fisheries management, though few studies have evaluated their performance against these objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of eight periodically ... ...

Abstract	Locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) are often recommended as a strategy to achieve conservation and fisheries management, though few studies have evaluated their performance against these objectives. We assessed the effectiveness of eight periodically harvested closures (PHCs), the most common form of management within Fijian LMMAs, focusing on two outcomes: protection of resource units and biodiversity conservation. Of the eight PHCs, only one provided biodiversity benefits, whereas three were moderately successful in protecting resource units (targeted fish biomass). Protection of resource units was more likely when PHCs were harvested less frequently, less recently, and when total fish biomass in open areas was lower. Our findings further suggest that monitoring, enforcement, and clearly defined boundaries are critical, less frequent harvesting regimes are advised, and culturally appropriate management incentives are needed. Although PHCs have some potential to protect resource units, they are not recommended as a single strategy for broad-scale biodiversity conservation.
Keywords	biodiversity ; biodiversity conservation ; biomass ; fish ; fisheries ; fisheries management ; harvesting ; monitoring
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-0902
Size	p. 1096-1111.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2018099-8
ISSN	1521-0723 ; 0894-1920
ISSN (online)	1521-0723
ISSN	0894-1920
DOI	10.1080/08941920.2017.1315654
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Bird's Head Seascape Marine Protected Area network—Preventing biodiversity and ecosystem service loss amidst rapid change in Papua, Indonesia

Purwanto / Dominic A. Andradi‐Brown / Dariani Matualage / Irman Rumengan / Awaludinnoer / Defy Pada / Nur I. Hidayat / Amkieltiela / Helen E. Fox / Matt Fox / Sangeeta Mangubhai / La Hamid / Muhammad E. Lazuardi / Ronald Mambrasar / Nugraha Maulana / Mulyadi / Syafri Tuharea / Fitryanti Pakiding / Gabby N. Ahmadia

Conservation Science and Practice, Vol 3, Iss 6, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

2021

Abstract: Abstract The Bird's Head Seascape (BHS), Papua, Indonesia is located within the epicenter of global marine biodiversity and has been the focus of recent conservation efforts to protect marine resources. Here, we provide an overview of Marine Protected ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The Bird's Head Seascape (BHS), Papua, Indonesia is located within the epicenter of global marine biodiversity and has been the focus of recent conservation efforts to protect marine resources. Here, we provide an overview of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) progress in the BHS over the past decade, including establishment history, changes in management effectiveness and ecosystem health, as well as examining trends in tourism growth. While generally viewed as a conservation success story, we reflect on both successes and challenges in the BHS, identifying where we need to continue to improve and adapt in response to rapid economic and environmental change. As of 2020, BHS MPAs cover 5.1 million ha across 23 MPAs. As expected, management effectiveness is steadily increasing in BHS MPAs—although newer MPAs face substantial capacity gaps. Tourism is rapidly growing—with an almost 3,000% increase in tourist visits between 2007 and 2018. Overall, hard coral cover in monitored BHS MPAs remained stable at 33% from 2010 to 2019, although trends in reef fish biomass were more variable. Given continued conservation challenges in the region, BHS MPAs are successfully preventing biodiversity loss while providing ecosystem services for local communities.
Keywords	coral reef ; effectiveness ; fish biomass ; Indonesia ; management ; mangrove ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Advancing Social Equity in and Through Marine Conservation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

2021 Volume 8

Abstract: Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law and central to conservation policy, less attention has been given to how to ...

Abstract	Substantial efforts and investments are being made to increase the scale and improve the effectiveness of marine conservation globally. Though it is mandated by international law and central to conservation policy, less attention has been given to how to operationalize social equity in and through the pursuit of marine conservation. In this article, we aim to bring greater attention to this topic through reviewing how social equity can be better integrated in marine conservation policy and practice. Advancing social equity in marine conservation requires directing attention to: recognition through acknowledgment and respect for diverse peoples and perspectives; fair distribution of impacts through maximizing benefits and minimizing burdens; procedures through fostering participation in decision-making and good governance; management through championing and supporting local involvement and leadership; the environment through ensuring the efficacy of conservation actions and adequacy of management to ensure benefits to nature and people; and the structural barriers to and institutional roots of inequity in conservation. We then discuss the role of various conservation organizations in advancing social equity in marine conservation and identify the capacities these organizations need to build. We urge the marine conservation community, including governments, non-governmental organizations and donors, to commit to the pursuit of socially equitable conservation.
Keywords	ocean equity ; social equity ; marine conservation ; marine protected areas ; marine policy ; ocean governance ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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