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  1. Article ; Online: Optimal locomotion for limbless crawlers.

    Santhosh, Sreejith / Serra, Mattia

    Physical review. E

    2022  Volume 106, Issue 2-1, Page(s) 24610

    Abstract: Limbless crawling is ubiquitous in biology, from cells to organisms. We develop and analyze a model for the dynamics of one-dimensional elastic crawlers, subject to active stress and deformation-dependent friction with the substrate. We find that the ... ...

    Abstract Limbless crawling is ubiquitous in biology, from cells to organisms. We develop and analyze a model for the dynamics of one-dimensional elastic crawlers, subject to active stress and deformation-dependent friction with the substrate. We find that the optimal active stress distribution that maximizes the crawler's center-of-mass displacement given a fixed amount of energy input is a traveling wave. This theoretical optimum corresponds to peristalsislike extension-contraction waves observed in biological organisms, possibly explaining the prevalence of peristalsis as a convergent gait across species. Our theory elucidates key observations in biological systems connecting the anchoring phase of a crawler to the retrograde and prograde distinction seen in peristaltic waves among various organisms. Using our optimal gait solution, we derive a scaling relation between the crawling speed and body mass, explaining experiments on earthworms with three orders of magnitude body mass variations. Our results offer insights and tools for optimal bioinspired crawling robots design with finite battery capacity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2844562-4
    ISSN 2470-0053 ; 2470-0045
    ISSN (online) 2470-0053
    ISSN 2470-0045
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.106.024610
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online: Optimal Locomotion for Limbless Crawlers

    Santhosh, Sreejith / Serra, Mattia

    2022  

    Abstract: Limbless crawling is ubiquitous in biology, from cells to organisms. We develop and analyze a model for the dynamics of one-dimensional elastic crawlers, subject to active stress and deformation-dependent friction with the substrate. We find that the ... ...

    Abstract Limbless crawling is ubiquitous in biology, from cells to organisms. We develop and analyze a model for the dynamics of one-dimensional elastic crawlers, subject to active stress and deformation-dependent friction with the substrate. We find that the optimal active stress distribution that maximizes the crawler's center of mass displacement given a fixed amount of energy input is a traveling wave. This theoretical optimum corresponds to peristalsis-like extension-contraction waves observed in biological organisms, possibly explaining the prevalence of peristalsis as a convergent gait across species. Our theory elucidates key observations in biological systems connecting the anchoring phase of a crawler to the retrograde and prograde distinction seen in peristaltic waves among various organisms. Using our optimal gait solution, we derive a scaling relation between the crawling speed and body mass, explaining experiments on earthworms with three orders of magnitude body mass variations. Our results offer insights and tools for optimal bioinspired crawling robots design with finite battery capacity.
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter ; Mathematics - Dynamical Systems ; Physics - Biological Physics
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2022-06-08
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: A mechanochemical model recapitulates distinct vertebrate gastrulation modes.

    Serra, Mattia / Serrano Nájera, Guillermo / Chuai, Manli / Plum, Alex M / Santhosh, Sreejith / Spandan, Vamsi / Weijer, Cornelis J / Mahadevan, L

    Science advances

    2023  Volume 9, Issue 49, Page(s) eadh8152

    Abstract: During vertebrate gastrulation, an embryo transforms from a layer of epithelial cells into a multilayered gastrula. This process requires the coordinated movements of hundreds to tens of thousands of cells, depending on the organism. In the chick embryo, ...

    Abstract During vertebrate gastrulation, an embryo transforms from a layer of epithelial cells into a multilayered gastrula. This process requires the coordinated movements of hundreds to tens of thousands of cells, depending on the organism. In the chick embryo, patterns of actomyosin cables spanning several cells drive coordinated tissue flows. Here, we derive a minimal theoretical framework that couples actomyosin activity to global tissue flows. Our model predicts the onset and development of gastrulation flows in normal and experimentally perturbed chick embryos, mimicking different gastrulation modes as an active stress instability. Varying initial conditions and a parameter associated with active cell ingression, our model recapitulates distinct vertebrate gastrulation morphologies, consistent with recently published experiments in the chick embryo. Altogether, our results show how changes in the patterning of critical cell behaviors associated with different force-generating mechanisms contribute to distinct vertebrate gastrulation modes via a self-organizing mechanochemical process.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Gastrulation ; Actomyosin ; Gastrula ; Vertebrates
    Chemical Substances Actomyosin (9013-26-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adh8152
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Book ; Online: Spike formation theory in 3D flow separation

    Santhosh, Sreejith / Qin, Haodong / Klose, Bjoern F. / Jacobs, Gustaaf B. / Vétel, Jérôme / Serra, Mattia

    2023  

    Abstract: We develop a frame-invariant theory of material spike formation during flow separation over a no-slip boundary in three-dimensional flows with arbitrary time dependence. Based on the exact evolution of the largest principal curvature on near-wall ... ...

    Abstract We develop a frame-invariant theory of material spike formation during flow separation over a no-slip boundary in three-dimensional flows with arbitrary time dependence. Based on the exact evolution of the largest principal curvature on near-wall material surfaces, our theory identifies fixed and moving separation. Our approach is effective over short time intervals and admits an instantaneous limit. As a byproduct, we derive explicit formulas for the evolution of the Weingarten map and the principal curvatures of any surface advected by general three-dimensional flows. The material backbone we identify acts first as a precursor and later as the centerpiece of Lagrangian flow separation. We discover previously undetected spiking points and curves where the separation backbones connect to the boundary and provide wall-based analytical formulas for their locations. We illustrate our results on several steady and unsteady flows.
    Keywords Physics - Fluid Dynamics ; Mathematical Physics ; Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
    Subject code 621
    Publishing date 2023-02-23
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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