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  1. Article ; Online: Traditional oases in Northern Africa as multifunctional agroforestry systems: a systematic literature review of the provided Ecosystem Services and of the main vulnerabilities

    Santoro, Antonio

    Agroforest Syst. 2023 Jan., v. 97, no. 1 p.81-96

    2023  

    Abstract: Traditional oases represent unique forms of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions, developed through the centuries by local farmers to support their livelihood, combining different crops (date palms, fruit trees, vegetables and fodder) with ... ...

    Abstract Traditional oases represent unique forms of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions, developed through the centuries by local farmers to support their livelihood, combining different crops (date palms, fruit trees, vegetables and fodder) with livestock breeding. Despite their social, economic and cultural importance, these agroforestry systems are currently facing multiple socio-environmental threats. The aim of the paper is to investigate the variety of Ecosystem Services (ES) and the main threats related to traditional oases in Northern Africa through a systematic literature review. The search returned 257 relevant papers published from 2005 to March 2022, mostly focusing on Tunisian oases (37%), followed by Algerian (23%), Moroccan (19%), Egyptian (17%), and Libyan (4%). Provisioning Services, in particular Genetic diversity, agrobiodiversity and biodiversity, are the most cited ES (36% of the papers) followed by Cultural Services, mainly represented by Traditional knowledge systems, cultural heritage and sense of place (17%), while Regulating Services are less considered. Results highlighted that water related issues (desertification, drought, salinization or overexploitation) represent the main threat, followed by decrease of agrobiodiversity, primarily due to the spread of monocultures of commercial date varieties, and by social transformations (depopulation, traditional knowledge and cultural heritage loss). The literature review proved that traditional oases are still crucial for the livelihood of local communities since they still provide many ES. Local experiences related to sustainable development and tourism, or innovative solutions to valorize local products and byproducts, could be important for replication in other traditional oases to contribute to the wellbeing of local communities and to the preservation of these agroecosystems.
    Keywords agrobiodiversity ; agroecosystems ; agroforestry ; cultural heritage ; desertification ; drought ; forage ; fruits ; genetic variation ; indigenous knowledge ; livelihood ; livestock ; sustainable development ; tourism ; Northern Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-01
    Size p. 81-96.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note Review
    ZDB-ID 406958-4
    ISSN 1572-9680 ; 0167-4366
    ISSN (online) 1572-9680
    ISSN 0167-4366
    DOI 10.1007/s10457-022-00789-w
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: [Italian nephrology and the progress of dialysis from its dawn to the present day].

    Santoro, Antonio

    Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia

    2020  Volume 37, Issue 1

    Abstract: In Italy, over the last 50 years, dialysis has been the driving force of research in nephrology. The work of many Italian nephrologists has fueled progress in dialytic techniques worldwide, improving dramatically the quality of dialytic therapy. Our ... ...

    Abstract In Italy, over the last 50 years, dialysis has been the driving force of research in nephrology. The work of many Italian nephrologists has fueled progress in dialytic techniques worldwide, improving dramatically the quality of dialytic therapy. Our foreign colleagues unanimously agree that we have been the first to look into the complexities of dialysis, into the many differences between dialytic patients and how to best address this diversity. This has allowed us to adopt a holistic approach, deeply connected to technological innovation, with the aim of putting the patient center stage and creating a "precision dialysis".
    MeSH term(s) Dialysis Solutions/therapeutic use ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Italy ; Nephrology/trends ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/trends ; Precision Medicine/trends ; Renal Dialysis/trends
    Chemical Substances Dialysis Solutions
    Language Italian
    Publishing date 2020-02-12
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1237110-5
    ISSN 1724-5990 ; 0393-5590
    ISSN (online) 1724-5990
    ISSN 0393-5590
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: [Acute kidney injury in elderly patients].

    Santoro, Antonio

    Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia

    2019  Volume 36, Issue 3

    Abstract: In the last few years, more and more studies have been focusing on Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) because of its incidence, its effects on patients, and the costs associated to its treatment. Elderly patients are especially in danger of developing AKI given ... ...

    Abstract In the last few years, more and more studies have been focusing on Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) because of its incidence, its effects on patients, and the costs associated to its treatment. Elderly patients are especially in danger of developing AKI given the para-physiological deterioration of their renal functions and the presence of several co-morbidities. Together with sepsis, AKI is in fact one of the most common complications occurring during hospitalization. However, some strategies have proved to help in preventing renal damage in the elderly. Fluid overload, malnutrition and sepsis, which are far more common and momentous in older patients, can conceal or minimize rising creatinine levels. As such, it is not always possible to rely on the creatinine behaviour to diagnose AKI as proposed by KDIGO, AKIN e RIFLE guidelines. On the one hand, these and other peculiarities make AKI very difficult to diagnose and treat in elderly patients. On the other, the dialysis treatment, with its intrinsic "un-physiology", further complicates matters and (if it is very aggressive in terms of efficiency and removal of fluids) can destabilize these fragile patients and their poor haemodynamic compensation.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis ; Acute Kidney Injury/etiology ; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Algorithms ; Humans
    Language Italian
    Publishing date 2019-06-11
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1237110-5
    ISSN 1724-5990 ; 0393-5590
    ISSN (online) 1724-5990
    ISSN 0393-5590
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: [Is apheresis still a useful tool in the treatment of nephrological diseases?]

    Santoro, Antonio

    Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia

    2019  Volume 36, Issue 2

    Abstract: Therapeutic apheresis is by now a century-old extracorporeal procedure, but it is still very much relevant thanks to advances in medical device technology. In addition to the classic plasma exchange, we now have double filtration techniques, plasma ... ...

    Abstract Therapeutic apheresis is by now a century-old extracorporeal procedure, but it is still very much relevant thanks to advances in medical device technology. In addition to the classic plasma exchange, we now have double filtration techniques, plasma absorption, immunoadsorption, leuko and cyto-apheresis, LDL apheresis. The application of these highly selective techniques has opened up new perspectives in the treatment of various nephrological diseases. Unfortunately, renal diseases that can be treated with apheretic techniques are often relatively rare and this prevents us from carrying out extensive studies aimed at demonstrating the real benefits of these methods. Every three years, the American Society of Apheresis provides solid recommendations regarding the diseases that can be treated with apheresis. New immunosuppressants, immuno-modulating substances and monoclonal antibodies are becoming extremely selective and sophisticated weapons against diseases with a clearly identified causal agent. This does not exclude the fact that, due to economic reasons or even to minimize the side effects of these new drugs, apheretic techniques could still retain an important, if ancillary, role.
    MeSH term(s) Blood Component Removal/adverse effects ; Blood Component Removal/methods ; Cytapheresis/methods ; Efficiency ; Humans ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Kidney Diseases/therapy ; Nephrologists/standards ; Plasmapheresis/methods ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Renal Dialysis/methods
    Language Italian
    Publishing date 2019-05-17
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1237110-5
    ISSN 1724-5990 ; 0393-5590
    ISSN (online) 1724-5990
    ISSN 0393-5590
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Comparison of blood volume biofeedback hemodialysis and conventional hemodialysis on cardiovascular stability and blood pressure control in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

    Mambelli, Emanuele / Grandi, Fabio / Santoro, Antonio

    Journal of nephrology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Despite the improvements in hemodialysis (HD) technology, 20-30% of sessions are still complicated by hypotension or hypotension-related symptoms. Biofeedback systems have proven to reduce the occurrence of such events, but no conclusive ... ...

    Abstract Background: Despite the improvements in hemodialysis (HD) technology, 20-30% of sessions are still complicated by hypotension or hypotension-related symptoms. Biofeedback systems have proven to reduce the occurrence of such events, but no conclusive findings can lead to wider adoption of these systems. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to establish whether the use of blood volume tracking systems compared to conventional hemodialysis (C-HD) reduces the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension.
    Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were used to carry out this systematic review. Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the incidence of intradialytic hypotension during C-HD and blood volume tracking-HD were searched in the current literature. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023426328.
    Results: Ninety-seven randomized clinical trials were retrieved. Nine studies, including 347 participants and 13,274 HD treatments were considered eligible for this systematic review. The results showed that the use of biofeedback systems reduces the risk of intradialytic hypotension (log odds ratio = 0.63, p = 0.03) in hypotension-prone patients (log odds ratio = 0.54, p = 0.04). When analysis was limited to fluid overloaded or hypertensive patients, it did not show the same effect (log odds ratio = 0.79, p = 0.38). No correlation was found in systolic blood pressure drop during dialysis and in post-dialysis blood pressure.
    Conclusions: The use of blood volume tracking systems may be effective in reducing the incidence of intradialytic hypotension and allowing for easier attainment of the patients' ideal dry body weight. New studies to examine the long-term effects of the use of blood volume tracking systems on real hard endpoints are needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1093991-x
    ISSN 1724-6059 ; 1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
    ISSN (online) 1724-6059
    ISSN 1120-3625 ; 1121-8428
    DOI 10.1007/s40620-023-01844-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Natural Forests or Cultural Forests? Forest Changes within Italian Protected Areas in the Last 85 Years

    Santoro, Antonio / Piras, Franco

    Forests. 2023 Apr. 29, v. 14, no. 5

    2023  

    Abstract: The cultural dimension of many forests is not adequately considered by current forest definitions, policies, inventories, and management. Moreover, the concept of “protected area” as a synonym of “natural area” ignores that many forests today included in ...

    Abstract The cultural dimension of many forests is not adequately considered by current forest definitions, policies, inventories, and management. Moreover, the concept of “protected area” as a synonym of “natural area” ignores that many forests today included in protected areas (PAs) have been managed and exploited for centuries. The abandonment of rural areas that occurred in the last 60 years in EU countries caused the expansion of forests, with the risk of a homogenization of forest typologies, the loss of cultural features, and the loss of biodiversity at the landscape scale. The aim of this study is to investigate the origin and evolution of forests within Italian PAs in the last 85 years through GIS-based spatial analyses. In 1936, only a minority of the surface included in current PAs was covered by forests, ranging from 32% in Natura 2000 sites to 35% in regional PAs. Forest surface in Italian PAs increased in the last 85 years (from +33.1% in regional PAs to +45.2% in national PAs), mainly due to secondary successions, with a growth rate in Natura 2000 sites equal to 8709 ha/year. In regional PAs, 40.1% of the current forest cover originated after 1936, and this percentage increases to 43% in Natura 2000 sites and to 44.7% in national PAs. The altitudinal range of 500–1000 m a.s.l. is the one most affected by forest spread. In addition, most of the forests in 1936 were regularly managed as coppice: 44% in national PAs, 56% in Natura 2000 sites, and 62% in regional PAs. The study confirms that most of the forest surface included in Italian PAs has a clear cultural origin and is the consequence of the abandonment of pastures and/or cultivations that occurred in the last 85 years. PA management should take into consideration that open areas are shrinking and that the diversity of habitats and forest communities is strongly linked to the persistence of traditional human activities. The current forest characteristics (species composition, vertical and horizontal structure) are also the result of past management, and only active management of forest resources can counteract the homogenization of forest communities and landscape structure.
    Keywords altitude ; coppicing ; forests ; homogenization ; humans ; landscapes ; risk ; species diversity
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-0429
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2527081-3
    ISSN 1999-4907
    ISSN 1999-4907
    DOI 10.3390/f14050921
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article ; Online: [Customization of hemodialysis therapy: dialysis is not a washing machine].

    Santoro, Antonio

    Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia

    2018  Volume 35, Issue 1

    Abstract: In recent years, the population of chronic dialysis has grown in number but also in age and frequency of co-morbidies such as cardiac diseases, vascular pathologies, diabetes, etc. The majority of patients on chronic hemodialysis are over 70 years and, ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, the population of chronic dialysis has grown in number but also in age and frequency of co-morbidies such as cardiac diseases, vascular pathologies, diabetes, etc. The majority of patients on chronic hemodialysis are over 70 years and, given the high number of comorbidities, they often exhibit poor tolerance to dialysis treatments. A non-tolerated dialytic treatment can have side-effects that would require an intensification of the dialysis sessions and many hospitalizations. Consequently, the problematic dialysis treatments, as well as harmful for the patient, become economically more detrimental than other treatments apparently more expensive but more tolerated ones In the current days we have, thanks to the huge developments in dialysis technology, powerful weapons to ensure effective and scarcely symptomatic dialysis treatments to the majority of the HD patients. New, highly biocompatible membranes with defined and modular cut-off and / or absorption capacity may allow us to provide adequate purification. Moreover the monitoring and biofeedback systems such as blood volume tracking, body temperature monitoring (BTM) and blood pressure (BPM) can be very useful in reducing the risk of intra-dialytic hypotension and symptoms. Therefore, the dialytic therapy, as well as all the pharmacological therapies for the chronic patient, must consider the specificity of the patient, basing on his metabolic problems, cardiovascular tolerance, residual renal function and on his dietary and general compliance. The central aim of the nephrologist is to formulate the better prescription for the individual patient, considering the dialysis modalities, the membrane type, the dry weight (ideal post-dialysis body weight), the frequency and the duration of the weekly sessions and the technological tools that can optimize the treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Equipment Design ; Feedback ; Hemodialysis Solutions/adverse effects ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy ; Membranes, Artificial ; Molecular Weight ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Precision Medicine ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects ; Renal Dialysis/instrumentation ; Renal Dialysis/methods ; Toxins, Biological/metabolism ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/prevention & control
    Chemical Substances Hemodialysis Solutions ; Membranes, Artificial ; Toxins, Biological ; uremia middle molecule toxins
    Language Italian
    Publishing date 2018-02-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1237110-5
    ISSN 1724-5990 ; 0393-5590
    ISSN (online) 1724-5990
    ISSN 0393-5590
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Agricultural heritage systems and agrobiodiversity

    Agnoletti, Mauro / Santoro, Antonio

    Biodiversity and conservation. 2022 Aug., v. 31, no. 10

    2022  

    Abstract: Agriculture is one of the main human activities with direct and indirect effects on the environment. The abandonment of many traditional agricultural practices, mainly for their inability to meet the current requirements of industrial agriculture, has ... ...

    Abstract Agriculture is one of the main human activities with direct and indirect effects on the environment. The abandonment of many traditional agricultural practices, mainly for their inability to meet the current requirements of industrial agriculture, has brought to unsustainable agricultural systems characterized by high external energy inputs and by a high fragility to environmental and political shocks. Therefore, sustainable agriculture is nowadays crucial for preserving the environment. Agricultural heritage systems are receiving increasing attention at the international level, as testified by the establishment of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The aim of the GIAHS Programme is, in fact, to identify and safeguard agro-silvo-pastoral systems resulting from the co-existence between humans and nature, which survived using traditional techniques are still providing many ecosystem services, while maintaining magnificent landscapes, wild and agricultural biodiversity, ancestral knowledge, and strong cultural and social values. These systems, based on sustainable practices, are still able to provide food and livelihood security, resources and services to local communities, but are also examples of adaptation and mitigation to climate change and to different and often difficult environmental conditions, as well as models of resilience and sustainability. In 2018 the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS), together with the Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI) of the University of Florence, developed a project called “GIAHS Building Capacity”, aimed at identifying agricultural heritage sites in different parts of the world. This Special Issue collects the results of investigations carried out in thirteen sites in Central and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia offering a wide an coherent perspective on agricultural heritage systems across the world. The papers included in the Special Issue proved that agricultural heritage systems, despite some vulnerabilities mainly due to socio-economic causes rather than to environmental ones, still provide different ecosystem services to local communities, including: food and byproducts supply, soil erosion protection, hydrogeological risk and deforestation defense, agrobiodiversity and biodiversity conservation, cultural landscape preservation, agro-tourism; at the same time they can be important for transmitting traditional knowledge to new generations and for the local identity. The GIAHS programme can play a key role in preserving traditional agricultural systems, and their related agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services, both in developing and developed countries. In fact, its aim is not limited to the conservation of these systems, but the whole Programme is based on the concept of dynamic conservation, as sustainable innovations are needed for the preservation of agricultural heritage systems and, therefore, for the future of rural areas and of rural communities. The research is part of the activities promoted by the UNESCO Chair on Agricultural Heritage Landscapes established at the University of Florence.
    Keywords Food and Agriculture Organization ; agrobiodiversity ; biodiversity conservation ; climate change ; cultural landscape ; deforestation ; ecosystems ; energy ; forestry ; humans ; indigenous knowledge ; landscape management ; livelihood ; politics ; risk ; socioeconomics ; soil erosion ; sustainable agriculture ; Africa ; Asia ; Europe ; South America
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-08
    Size p. 2231-2241.
    Publishing place Springer Netherlands
    Document type Article
    Note Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2000787-5
    ISSN 1572-9710 ; 0960-3115
    ISSN (online) 1572-9710
    ISSN 0960-3115
    DOI 10.1007/s10531-022-02460-3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Letter to the Editor Regarding "Case Series and Systematic Review of Electronic Scooter Crashes and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury".

    Armocida, Daniele / Santoro, Antonio / Frati, Alessandro

    World neurosurgery

    2023  Volume 173, Page(s) 301–302

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Accidents, Traffic ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.02.130
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Treatment of ischemic stroke is an opportunity for the revival of neurovascular surgery.

    Berra, Luigi V / Santoro, Antonio

    Journal of neurosurgical sciences

    2021  Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 165–166

    MeSH term(s) Brain Ischemia/surgery ; Humans ; Ischemic Stroke ; Stroke/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-10
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 193139-8
    ISSN 1827-1855 ; 0390-5616 ; 0026-4881
    ISSN (online) 1827-1855
    ISSN 0390-5616 ; 0026-4881
    DOI 10.23736/S0390-5616.21.05459-X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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