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Article ; Online: Topical therapy for canine pyoderma: what is new?

Santoro, Domenico

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

2023 Volume 261, Issue S1, Page(s) S140–S148

Abstract: Antimicrobial-resistant cutaneous infections are increasing in veterinary medicine. The use of systemic antibiotics should be limited to severe cases of pyoderma to decrease the microbial pressure and selection for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Topical ... ...

Abstract	Antimicrobial-resistant cutaneous infections are increasing in veterinary medicine. The use of systemic antibiotics should be limited to severe cases of pyoderma to decrease the microbial pressure and selection for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Topical antimicrobials with a low-resistance profile, such as chlorhexidine, benzoyl peroxide, and ethyl lactate have been used for decades in veterinary dermatology. However, new alternatives have been explored in the past decade. The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the antibacterial efficacy and clinical use, when reported, of "classic" and new treatment options for topically treating canine pyoderma. This review is intended to fill the gap from previous systematic reviews published in veterinary dermatology a decade ago. The studies reported in this review emphasize the need and desire for alternatives to the classic topical antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine to significantly reduce the use of systemic antibiotics in the spirit of appropriate antimicrobial stewardship.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Benzoyl Peroxide/therapeutic use ; Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Pyoderma/drug therapy ; Pyoderma/microbiology ; Pyoderma/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Benzoyl Peroxide (W9WZN9A0GM) ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390811-2
ISSN	1943-569X ; 0003-1488
ISSN (online)	1943-569X
ISSN	0003-1488
DOI	10.2460/javma.23.01.0001
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Article ; Online: Comparison of the quantity and antimicrobial activity of host defence peptides in ear canals between healthy and atopic dogs: A preliminary study.

Santoro, Domenico

Veterinary dermatology

2023 Volume 34, Issue 5, Page(s) 452–459

Abstract: Background: Host defence peptides (HDPs) are involved in cutaneous immune defence. The secretion of HDPs in the ears of healthy normal and noninfected atopic dogs has not been measured.: Hypotheses/objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify ... ...

Abstract	Background: Host defence peptides (HDPs) are involved in cutaneous immune defence. The secretion of HDPs in the ears of healthy normal and noninfected atopic dogs has not been measured. Hypotheses/objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify the concentrations of β-defensins (cBD3)-like and cathelicidin (cCath) HDPs in ears of healthy and atopic dogs without infectious otitis, additionally to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the HDPs obtained. Animals: Ten healthy and 20 atopic dogs with mild inflammatory, noninfectious otitis were included. Materials and methods: Absence of infection was determined by cytological evaluation, and the severity of clinical signs, if present, was assessed by a previously validated score (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS-3). The left ear canal of each dog was rinsed with 2 mL of sodium phosphate buffer. The solution obtained was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HDPs. Additionally, aural secretions were incubated with two concentrations (5 × 10 Results: There was a significantly lower concentration of HDPs from atopic ears when compared with those from normal healthy dogs (cBD3-like: p = 0.0007; cCath: p = 0.049). There was minimal to variable antimicrobial activity in the aural secretions of both groups. Conclusions and clinical relevance: This study showed, for the first time, that the ear canals of atopic dogs with mild noninfectious otitis contain a lower concentration of cBD3-like and cCath HDPs than those of healthy dogs with normal ears. A consistent antimicrobial activity was not present in the aural secretions from either group.
MeSH term(s)	Dogs ; Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Dermatitis, Atopic/veterinary ; Ear Canal ; Dog Diseases ; Cathelicidins ; Otitis Externa/veterinary ; Anti-Infective Agents
Chemical Substances	Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; Cathelicidins ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2011122-8
ISSN	1365-3164 ; 0959-4493
ISSN (online)	1365-3164
ISSN	0959-4493
DOI	10.1111/vde.13164
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Article ; Online: Comparison of the quantity and antimicrobial activity of host defence peptides in ear canals between healthy and atopic dogs: A preliminary study

Santoro, Domenico

Veterinary Dermatology. 2023 Oct., v. 34, no. 5 p.452-459

2023

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Host defence peptides (HDPs) are involved in cutaneous immune defence. The secretion of HDPs in the ears of healthy normal and noninfected atopic dogs has not been measured. HYPOTHESES/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to quantify the ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Host defence peptides (HDPs) are involved in cutaneous immune defence. The secretion of HDPs in the ears of healthy normal and noninfected atopic dogs has not been measured. HYPOTHESES/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to quantify the concentrations of β‐defensins (cBD3)‐like and cathelicidin (cCath) HDPs in ears of healthy and atopic dogs without infectious otitis, additionally to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the HDPs obtained. ANIMALS: Ten healthy and 20 atopic dogs with mild inflammatory, noninfectious otitis were included. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Absence of infection was determined by cytological evaluation, and the severity of clinical signs, if present, was assessed by a previously validated score (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS‐3). The left ear canal of each dog was rinsed with 2 mL of sodium phosphate buffer. The solution obtained was analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HDPs. Additionally, aural secretions were incubated with two concentrations (5 × 10⁵ and 5 × 10⁴ colony‐forming units/mL) of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the bacterial density measured after 24 h of incubation. Data were statistically analysed. Significance was set as p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: There was a significantly lower concentration of HDPs from atopic ears when compared with those from normal healthy dogs (cBD3‐like: p = 0.0007; cCath: p = 0.049). There was minimal to variable antimicrobial activity in the aural secretions of both groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study showed, for the first time, that the ear canals of atopic dogs with mild noninfectious otitis contain a lower concentration of cBD3‐like and cCath HDPs than those of healthy dogs with normal ears. A consistent antimicrobial activity was not present in the aural secretions from either group.
Keywords	Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ; antimicrobial properties ; cathelicidins ; dogs ; ear canal ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; otitis externa ; secretion ; sodium phosphate ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-10
Size	p. 452-459.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2011122-8
ISSN	1365-3164 ; 0959-4493
ISSN (online)	1365-3164
ISSN	0959-4493
DOI	10.1111/vde.13164
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Canine Models of Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Their Application in Pharmacological Research.

Gil, Natalia / Santoro, Domenico

Current protocols

2023 Volume 3, Issue 11, Page(s) e935

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of existing pharmacological models of canine dermatitis. Canine models of dermatitis have contributed significantly to our current understanding of the pathology of dermatitis and to the development ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of existing pharmacological models of canine dermatitis. Canine models of dermatitis have contributed significantly to our current understanding of the pathology of dermatitis and to the development of corresponding pharmacological interventions. Specifically, canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is reviewed here, as it is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases in dogs. Canine AD also shares clinicopathological features with human AD, making the dog a natural and optimal model for human disease. Thus, pharmacological models of canine AD may be uniquely applicable to human pharmacological research. In this article, particular attention is dedicated to relevant in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models of canine AD, skin barrier defect models, pruritus models, and skin immunology models. Additionally, models of superficial pyoderma and food allergy are also discussed. With understanding of findings from canine models, researchers can select the most salient features for future pharmacological drug development. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy ; Dermatitis, Atopic/veterinary ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Dog Diseases/pathology ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Pruritus/drug therapy ; Pruritus/veterinary ; Skin/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ISSN	2691-1299
ISSN (online)	2691-1299
DOI	10.1002/cpz1.935
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Article ; Online: (Exotic Animal) Dermatology.

d'Ovidio, Dario / Santoro, Domenico

The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice

2023 Volume 26, Issue 2, Page(s) ix–x

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Animals, Exotic ; Dermatology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	1558-4232
ISSN (online)	1558-4232
DOI	10.1016/j.cvex.2023.02.001
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of multidrug-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci in canine and feline dermatological patients over a 10-year period: a retrospective study.

Burke, Mikaela / Santoro, Domenico

Microbiology (Reading, England)

2023 Volume 169, Issue 2

Abstract: Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) are common cutaneous pathogens often requiring multiple courses of antibiotics, which may facilitate selection for methicillin-resistant (MR) and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To determine the prevalence of ... ...

Abstract	Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) are common cutaneous pathogens often requiring multiple courses of antibiotics, which may facilitate selection for methicillin-resistant (MR) and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. To determine the prevalence of canine and feline MR/MDR CPS associated with skin diseases, medical records were retrospectively searched from April 2010 to April 2020. Pets with at least one positive culture for CPS were selected. Age, sex, antimicrobial sensitivity, previous history of antimicrobial/immunomodulatory medications and methicillin resistance/multidrug resistance status were recorded.
MeSH term(s)	Cats ; Animals ; Dogs ; Retrospective Studies ; Coagulase/genetics ; Prevalence ; Cat Diseases/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Oxacillin ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Chemical Substances	Coagulase ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Oxacillin (UH95VD7V76)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1180712-x
ISSN	1465-2080 ; 1350-0872
ISSN (online)	1465-2080
ISSN	1350-0872
DOI	10.1099/mic.0.001300
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Article ; Online: Biofilm Models: Different Ways of Biofilm Characterization and Drug Discovery.

Kher, Lopamudra / Santoro, Domenico

Current protocols

2023 Volume 3, Issue 9, Page(s) e894

Abstract: The ability of bacteria to develop biofilms and its added effect on antimicrobial resistance have been a concern for both animal and human medicine. The need to understand biofilm biology has been addressed with the help of three biofilm models, i.e., in ...

Abstract	The ability of bacteria to develop biofilms and its added effect on antimicrobial resistance have been a concern for both animal and human medicine. The need to understand biofilm biology has been addressed with the help of three biofilm models, i.e., in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Due to the implications of animal welfare involved in in vivo models, this article is mainly focused on in vitro and ex vivo study models to analyze biofilm biology. In in vitro biofilm models, the microtiter plate and Calgary biofilm device are the most commonly used techniques for biofilm analysis. Quantification of the biofilm biomass generated by these two techniques can be assessed with the help of a crystal violet assay. Although in vitro biofilm models help advance understanding of the biology of biofilm and are easy to perform, they fail to address certain important questions, such as the importance of the substrate on which biofilm grows and the interaction between the organisms and the substrate. To address this concern, an ex vivo model can be utilized to characterize the behavior and characteristics of biofilms on different substrates. Ex vivo biofilm models are considered a bridge between the in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. Although neither of the currently available biofilm assessment models is considered the gold standard, they have significantly increased understanding of biofilm behavior. Further studies are warranted to develop more refined biofilm models. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: In vitro biofilm models for microtiter plate/crystal violet assay for biofilm growth assessment Basic Protocol 2: Crystal violet assay/tissue culture plate method for testing of antibiofilm agents Alternate Protocol: Calgary biofilm device to determine biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobial agents Basic Protocol 3: Ex vivo biofilm skin models: canine/porcine skin explants.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Dogs ; Swine ; Gentian Violet ; Drug Discovery ; Animal Welfare ; Biofilms ; Biological Assay
Chemical Substances	Gentian Violet (J4Z741D6O5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2691-1299
ISSN (online)	2691-1299
DOI	10.1002/cpz1.894
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Article ; Online: Small intestinal obstruction caused by parasitic infection.

Aonzo, P / Santoro, D / Serventi, A

Techniques in coloproctology

2022 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 601–602

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction/etiology ; Intestinal Obstruction/surgery ; Parasitic Diseases/complications ; Intestine, Small ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-07
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2083309-X
ISSN	1128-045X ; 1123-6337
ISSN (online)	1128-045X
ISSN	1123-6337
DOI	10.1007/s10151-022-02738-2
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Article ; Online: Long-Term Crosstalk Between Renal Function and Arterial Stiffness.

Zanoli, Luca / Marcantoni, Carmelita / Santoro, Domenico

Angiology

2024 , Page(s) 33197241239690

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	80040-5
ISSN	1940-1574 ; 0003-3197
ISSN (online)	1940-1574
ISSN	0003-3197
DOI	10.1177/00033197241239690
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Article: Antiosteoporotic Activity of Genistein Aglycone in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence from a Post-Hoc Analysis of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial

Arcoraci, Vincenzo / Atteritano, Marco / MARINI, Herbert Ryan / santoro, domenico

Nutrients, 9(2):179

2017

Abstract: Genistein has a preventive role against bone mass loss during menopause. However, experimental data in animal models of osteoporosis suggest an anti-osteoporotic potential for this isoflavone. We performed a post-hoc analysis of a previously published ... ...

Abstract	Genistein has a preventive role against bone mass loss during menopause. However, experimental data in animal models of osteoporosis suggest an anti-osteoporotic potential for this isoflavone. We performed a post-hoc analysis of a previously published trial investigating the effects of genistein in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. The parent study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving postmenopausal women with a femoral neck (FN) density <0.795 g/cm2. A cohort of the enrolled women was, in fact, identified at the baseline as osteoporotic (n = 121) on the basis of their T-score and analyzed thereafter for the 24 months’ treatment with either 1000 mg of calcium and 800 IU vitamin D3 (placebo; n = 59); or calcium, vitamin D3, and Genistein aglycone (54 mg/day; genistein; n = 62). According to the femoral neck T-scores, 31.3% of the genistein and 30.9% of the placebo recipients were osteoporotic at baseline. In the placebo and genistein groups, the 10-year hip fracture probability risk assessed by Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX) was 4.1 ± 1.9 (SD) and 4.2 ± 2.1 (SD), respectively. Mean bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck increased from 0.62 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.68 g/cm2 at 1 year and 0.70 g/cm2 at 2 years in genistein recipients, and decreased from 0.61 g/cm2 at baseline to 0.60 g/cm2 at 1 year and 0.57 g/cm2 at 2 years in placebo recipients. At the end of the study only 18 postmenopausal women had osteoporosis in the genistein group with a prevalence of 12%, whereas in the placebo group the number of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis was unchanged, after 24 months. This post-hoc analysis is a proof-of concept study suggesting that genistein may be useful not only in postmenopausal osteopenia but also in osteoporosis. However, this proof-of concept study needs to be confirmed by a large, well designed, and appropriately focused randomized clinical trial in a population at high risk of fractures.
Keywords	bone mineral density ; genistein ; postemenopausal osteoporosis
Language	English
Document type	Article
Database	Repository for Life Sciences

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