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Article ; Online: The Effects of 6-Week Training Cessation on Anthropometrics, in-Water Force, Performance, and Kinematics of Young Competitive Swimmers: A Maturity Development Approach.

Santos, Catarina C / Costa, Mário J / Marinho, Daniel A

International journal of sports physiology and performance

2023 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) 643–652

Abstract: Purpose: To examine the effects of 6 weeks of training cessation on young swimmers' anthropometrics, in-water force, performance, and kinematics according to biological maturation.: Methods: Eighteen swimmers (7 girls: 12.43 [0.73] y old; 11 boys: 13. ...

Abstract	Purpose: To examine the effects of 6 weeks of training cessation on young swimmers' anthropometrics, in-water force, performance, and kinematics according to biological maturation. Methods: Eighteen swimmers (7 girls: 12.43 [0.73] y old; 11 boys: 13.27 [0.79] y old) were assessed pretest and posttest 6 weeks apart. Body mass, stature, arm span, and hand surface area were measured as anthropometric parameters, and biological maturation was estimated (ie, peak height velocity [PHV]). The in-water force was retrieved during 2 bouts of 25-m front crawl, allowing the estimation of the symmetry index. The time to complete the 25-m was considered the performance outcome, whereas velocity, stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index, and arm stroke efficiency were used as kinematic parameters. Results: All anthropometric parameters increased during the detraining period. Although the in-water force remained unchanged, the magnitude of the effects was large for the symmetry index (P = .021; d = 0.87). For the pooled sample, neither performance nor kinematics changed after detraining, but the stroke index increased (P = .054; d = 0.27). Pre-PHV swimmers showed unchanged values in all parameters, despite natural growth. Mid-PHV swimmers showed a similar trend in addition to reductions in stroke rate (P = .040; d = 0.60) and increases in stroke length (P = .043; d = 1.00). Conclusions: In-water force, performance, and kinematics (25-m front crawl) were not impaired after 6 weeks of training cessation in a group of young swimmers. Given interindividual and intraindividual differences according to maturity status, coaches should be aware that distinct trends within the group can be found.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Water ; Swimming ; Anthropometry
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1555-0273
ISSN (online)	1555-0273
DOI	10.1123/ijspp.2023-0003
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Editorial: Identification of key factors to improve performance in Olympic water sports.

Santos, Catarina C / Cuenca-Fernández, Francisco / Fernandes, Ricardo J / Costa, Mário J

Frontiers in sports and active living

2024 Volume 6, Page(s) 1388344

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	2624-9367
ISSN (online)	2624-9367
DOI	10.3389/fspor.2024.1388344
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: From Entry to Finals: Progression and Variability of Swimming Performance at the 2022 FINA World Championships.

Santos, Catarina C / Fernandes, Ricardo J / Marinho, Daniel A / Costa, Mário J

Journal of sports science & medicine

2023 Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 417–424

Abstract: The aim of the present study was two-fold: (i) to analyze the progression and variability of swimming performance (from entry times to best performances) in the 50, 100, and 200 m at the most recent FINA World Championships and (ii) to compare the ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the present study was two-fold: (i) to analyze the progression and variability of swimming performance (from entry times to best performances) in the 50, 100, and 200 m at the most recent FINA World Championships and (ii) to compare the performance of the Top16, semifinalists, and finalists between all rounds. Swimmers who qualified with the FINA A and B standards for the Budapest 2022 World Championships were considered. A total of 1102 individual performances swimmers were analyzed in freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly events. The data was retrieved from the official open-access websites of OMEGA and FINA. Wilcoxon test was used to compare swimmers' entry times and best performances. Repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test were performed to analyze the round-to-round progression. The percentage of improvement and variation in the swimmers' performance was computed between rounds. A negative progression (entry times better than best performance) and a high variability (> 0.69%) were found for most events. The finalists showed a positive progression with a greater improvement (~1%) from the heats to the semifinals. However, the performance progression remained unchanged between the semifinals and finals. The variability tended to decrease between rounds making each round more homogeneous. Coaches and swimmers can use these indicators to prepare a race strategy between rounds.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Swimming ; Hot Temperature
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01
Publishing country	Turkey
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2075564-8
ISSN	1303-2968 ; 1303-2968
ISSN (online)	1303-2968
ISSN	1303-2968
DOI	10.52082/jssm.2023.417
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A comparison of load cell and pressure sensors to measure in-water force in young competitive swimmers.

Santos, Catarina C / Costa, Mário J / Forte, Pedro / Marinho, Daniel A

Journal of biomechanics

2023 Volume 160, Page(s) 111815

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the in-water force of young competitive swimmers using tethered swimming and differential pressure sensors. Thirty-one swimmers (16 girls and 15 boys) were randomly assigned to perform two in-water tests. Swimmers ...

Abstract	The purpose of this study was to compare the in-water force of young competitive swimmers using tethered swimming and differential pressure sensors. Thirty-one swimmers (16 girls and 15 boys) were randomly assigned to perform two in-water tests. Swimmers completed two maximum bouts of 25 m front crawl with a differential pressure system and a 30 s maximum bout with an attached load cell (tethered-swimming). The peak force (F
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	218076-5
ISSN	1873-2380 ; 0021-9290
ISSN (online)	1873-2380
ISSN	0021-9290
DOI	10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111815
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Article: Reliability of using a pressure sensor system to measure in-water force in young competitive swimmers.

Santos, Catarina C / Marinho, Daniel A / Costa, Mário J

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 903753

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability of using a differential pressure system to measure in-water force in young competitive swimmers. Ten boys and five girls (12.38 ± 0.48 years, 49.13 ± 6.82 kg, 159.71 ± 7.99 cm) were randomly assigned ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability of using a differential pressure system to measure in-water force in young competitive swimmers. Ten boys and five girls (12.38 ± 0.48 years, 49.13 ± 6.82 kg, 159.71 ± 7.99 cm) were randomly assigned to perform two maximum bouts of 25 m front crawl on different days (trial one, T1; trial two, T2), one week apart. A differential pressure system composed of two hand sensors (Aquanex System, v.4.1, Model DU2, Type A, Swimming Technology Research, Richmond, VA, United States) was used to measure the peak (RF
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2719493-0
ISSN	2296-4185
ISSN	2296-4185
DOI	10.3389/fbioe.2022.903753
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Mechanical and Efficiency Constraints When Swimming Front Crawl with the Aquanex System.

Santos, Catarina C / Marinho, Daniel A / Costa, Mário J

Journal of human kinetics

2022 Volume 84, Page(s) 166–173

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and efficiency constraints between free swim and swimming with differential pressure sensors (Aquanex System). These conditions were also analysed to understand the differences between sexes. Thirty ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and efficiency constraints between free swim and swimming with differential pressure sensors (Aquanex System). These conditions were also analysed to understand the differences between sexes. Thirty young swimmers, 14 boys and 16 girls (12.31 ± 0.67 years) performed three 25-m front crawl maximal bouts under each condition: free swim and swimming with sensors. Under the condition with sensors, swimmers carried the Aquanex System composed of two hand pressure sensors (v.4.1, Model DU2, Type A, Swimming Technology Research, Richmond, VA, USA). The 25-m time (T25) was assessed as a swimming performance variable. The swimming velocity (v), stroke rate (SR), and stroke length (SL) were assessed and calculated as stroke mechanics variables. Thereafter, the stroke index (SI) and arm stroke efficiency (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-08
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2503989-1
ISSN	1899-7562 ; 1640-5544
ISSN (online)	1899-7562
ISSN	1640-5544
DOI	10.2478/hukin-2022-0090
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Performance Tiers within a Competitive Age Group of Young Swimmers Are Characterized by Different Kinetic and Kinematic Behaviors.

Santos, Catarina C / Garrido, Nuno D / Cuenca-Fernández, Francisco / Marinho, Daniel A / Costa, Mário J

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 23, Issue 11

Abstract: The present study aimed to analyze swimmers' in-water kinetic and kinematic behaviors according to different swimming performance tiers within the same age group. An amount of 53 highly trained swimmers (girls and boys: 12.40 ± 0.74 years) were split up ... ...

Abstract	The present study aimed to analyze swimmers' in-water kinetic and kinematic behaviors according to different swimming performance tiers within the same age group. An amount of 53 highly trained swimmers (girls and boys: 12.40 ± 0.74 years) were split up into 3 tiers based on their personal best performance (i.e., speed) in the 50 m freestyle event (short-course): lower-tier (1.25 ± 0.08 m·s
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Swimming ; Kinetics ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s23115113
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Association between the dry-land strength & power and the kick start kinetics in elite male and female swimmers.

Santos, Catarina C / Barbosa, Tiago M / Marinho, Daniel A / Costa, Mário J

Sports biomechanics

2022 , Page(s) 1–11

Abstract: The aim of this research was to determine the association between dry-land exercises and the start kinetics in elite swimmers. Fourteen swimmers (eight males and six females) included in a national team took part in this study. A fixed smith-machine was ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this research was to determine the association between dry-land exercises and the start kinetics in elite swimmers. Fourteen swimmers (eight males and six females) included in a national team took part in this study. A fixed smith-machine was used to measure the maximal full squat strength (Smax). The height of squat (SJ) and countermovement (CMJ) jumps were collected with a contact mat. The ground reaction force of the kick starts in the three-dimensional axis (Fz horizontal; Fy, vertical; Fx, lateral) was obtained by an instrumented force plate in the starting block. Overall, the Smax showed a high and significant association with Fz (r = 0.60) and Fy (r = 0.87). Moderate and significant associations were found between Fy and SJ (r = 0.51) and CMJ (r = 0.57). While Smax in males showed high association with Fy (r = 0.77), the Smax for females showed greater association with Fz (r = 0.84). As conclusion, the full back squat seems to be the dry-land exercise with higher association with the kick start kinetics. While in males the full squat defines better the vertical component, for females it defines the horizontal one.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1752-6116
ISSN (online)	1752-6116
DOI	10.1080/14763141.2022.2158921
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Article: Distribution patterns and indicators of the smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) in the Atlantic Ocean

Santos, Catarina C / Coelho, Rui

Fisheries research. 2019 Apr., v. 212

2019

Abstract: The smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, is a pelagic shark occasionally captured as bycatch by industrial pelagic longline fleets in the Atlantic Ocean. Data for this study were collected by fishery observers, between 2003 and 2016. Datasets ... ...

Abstract	The smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, is a pelagic shark occasionally captured as bycatch by industrial pelagic longline fleets in the Atlantic Ocean. Data for this study were collected by fishery observers, between 2003 and 2016. Datasets analyzed included information on catches per unit effort (CPUE), size and sex of smooth hammerhead sharks bycaught by the Portuguese pelagic longline fishery in the Atlantic Ocean. A total effort of 2 523 288 hooks yielded 638 sharks, ranging in size from 123 to 275 cm fork length. Larger sharks tended to occur in open ocean habitats and smaller specimens in coastal areas. Results confirmed the wide latitudinal range of the species (45 °N–35 °S), although CPUE was higher closer inshore within the Tropical North and Equatorial regions. An overall sex ratio of 1.4 males for each female was observed, with more males in both inshore and offshore waters. Significant differences in CPUE and size distribution were found between regions, years and quarters of the year. Mean CPUE increased and mean specimen size decreased in the Equatorial region from 2012 onwards. In order to remove fishery-dependent effects from CPUE data, a Tweedie Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to create a relative index of abundance (standardized CPUE). The index showed some oscillations in the initial years (2008–2010), followed by a decreasing trend until 2013 and then an increasing trend in more recent years, until 2016. The distributional patterns and indicators presented in this study provide a better understanding of the smooth hammerhead shark’s spatio-temporal dynamics and population structure in the Atlantic Ocean and can be used to improve management and conservation measures for this species.
Keywords	Sphyrna zygaena ; bycatch ; coasts ; data collection ; females ; habitats ; linear models ; longline fisheries ; males ; population structure ; sex ratio ; sharks ; Atlantic Ocean
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-04
Size	p. 107-113.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	406532-3
ISSN	0165-7836
ISSN	0165-7836
DOI	10.1016/j.fishres.2018.12.015
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Migrations and habitat use of the smooth hammerhead shark (Sphyrna zygaena) in the Atlantic Ocean.

Santos, Catarina C / Coelho, Rui

PloS one

2018 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) e0198664

Abstract: The smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, is a cosmopolitan semipelagic shark captured as bycatch in pelagic oceanic fisheries, especially pelagic longlines targeting swordfish and/or tunas. From 2012 to 2016, eight smooth hammerheads were tagged ... ...

Abstract	The smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, is a cosmopolitan semipelagic shark captured as bycatch in pelagic oceanic fisheries, especially pelagic longlines targeting swordfish and/or tunas. From 2012 to 2016, eight smooth hammerheads were tagged with Pop-up Satellite Archival Tags in the inter-tropical region of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, with successful transmissions received from seven tags (total of 319 tracking days). Results confirmed the smooth hammerhead is a highly mobile species, as the longest migration ever documented for this species (> 6600 km) was recorded. An absence of a diel vertical movement behavior was noted, with the sharks spending most of their time at surface waters (0-50 m) above 23°C. The operating depth of the pelagic longline gear was measured with Minilog Temperature and Depth Recorders, and the overlap with the species vertical distribution was calculated. The overlap is taking place mainly during the night and is higher for juveniles (~40% of overlap time). The novel information presented can now be used to contribute to the provision of sustainable management tools and serve as input for Ecological Risk Assessments for smooth hammerheads caught in Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries.
MeSH term(s)	Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Ecological Parameter Monitoring/methods ; Female ; Fisheries ; Geographic Information Systems ; Male ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Risk Assessment/methods ; Sharks/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0198664
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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