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Article ; Online: Corrigendum

Krishna Prasad Acharya / Santosh Pathak

Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, Vol

Applied Research in Low-Income Countries: Why and How?

2021 Volume 6

Keywords	research ; development ; investment ; low-income countries ; economy ; Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ; Z
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Applied Research in Low-Income Countries

Krishna Prasad Acharya / Santosh Pathak

Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, Vol

Why and How?

2019 Volume 4

Abstract: Research and development (R&D) offer promising clues to address a wide range of socioeconomic problems through the development of new products and services or often by improving the existing ones. High-income countries (HICs) have realized the worth of R& ...

Abstract	Research and development (R&D) offer promising clues to address a wide range of socioeconomic problems through the development of new products and services or often by improving the existing ones. High-income countries (HICs) have realized the worth of R&D and invested tremendously in that sector; however, resource-poor low-income countries (LICs) are still far behind in realizing the potential benefit that R&D could offer for economic growth and national development. Even if some LICs have a positive outlook towards the R&D sector, the trend of emulating works from HICs to solve local or regional issues have most often yielded counterproductive results. LICs are suggested primarily to focus on applied research by incorporating their socioeconomic and cultural aspects to solve their everyday problems whose investigation is often ignored in research-intensive nations. Moreover, applied research in LICs offers the potential to provide low-cost and innovative solutions to local and regional problems with global implications.
Keywords	research ; development ; investment ; low-income countries ; economy ; Bibliography. Library science. Information resources ; Z
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Self-assessed health status and obesity vulnerability in rural Louisiana

Santosh Pathak / Hua Wang / Katherine Seals / Naveen C Adusumilli / Denise Holston

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e

A cross-sectional analysis.

2023 Volume 0287181

Abstract: Rural communities are resource-constrained and at higher risk of obesity and obesity-related conditions. Thus, studying self-assessed health status and underlying vulnerabilities is critical to provide insights to the program planners for effective and ... ...

Abstract	Rural communities are resource-constrained and at higher risk of obesity and obesity-related conditions. Thus, studying self-assessed health status and underlying vulnerabilities is critical to provide insights to the program planners for effective and efficient planning of obesity prevention programs. This study aims to investigate the correlates of self-assessed health status and subsequently determine the obesity vulnerability level of residents in rural communities. Randomly sampled data were obtained from in-person community surveys in three rural Louisiana counties-East Carroll, Saint Helena, and Tensas-in June 2021. The association of social-demographic factors, grocery store choice, and exercise frequency with self-assessed health was investigated using the ordered logit model. An obesity vulnerability index was constructed using the weights obtained from the principal component analysis. The results show that gender, race, education, possession of children, exercise frequency, and grocery store choice significantly influence self-assessed health status. Around 20% of respondents fall into the most-vulnerable segment and 65% of respondents are vulnerable to obesity. The obesity vulnerability index ranged from -4.036 to 4.565, indicating a wide heterogeneity in the vulnerability level of rural residents. The findings show that the self-assessed health status of rural residents is not promising along with a high level of vulnerability to obesity. The findings from this study could serve as a reference in the policy discussion regarding an effective and efficient suite of interventions in rural communities to address obesity and promote well-being.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Factors Affecting the Place of Delivery among Mothers Residing in Jhorahat VDC, Morang, Nepal

Prativa Dhakal / Mangala Shrestha / Dharanidhar Baral / Santosh Pathak

International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 2-

2018 Volume 11

Abstract: Background: In Nepal, the maternal mortality ratio is 281 per thousand live births, among which 40% mortality occurs during home delivery. Home delivery increases the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity due to the birth not assisted by ... ...

Abstract	Background: In Nepal, the maternal mortality ratio is 281 per thousand live births, among which 40% mortality occurs during home delivery. Home delivery increases the risk of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity due to the birth not assisted by skilled attendant. This study was carried out to determine the factors affecting the place of delivery among the mothers residing in Jhorahat VDC, Morang district, Nepal. Methods: A mixed method study using interviews based on semi-structured questionnaire (n=93) among mothers and two focus group discussion among decision makers of the house and female community health volunteers was conducted between November to December 2012. For quantitative data, Chi-square test and Fischer’s Exact test were used to examine the association between the selected variables and place of delivery. Results: More than half (58.1%) of the mothers had institutional delivery and 41.9% of them had home delivery. The most common reason for home delivery was easy and convenient environment (66.7%) and that for institutional delivery was safety (77.8%). There was a significant association between caste, education of mothers, education of spouse, occupation of spouse, per capita income, time to reach the nearest health center, parity, previous place of delivery, number of antenatal visit, knowledge about place of delivery, planned place of delivery, and place of delivery. Conclusion: Maternal health services, such as prenatal care, skilled assistance during delivery and post-natal care, along with adequately equipped health institutions, play a major role in the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality. Concerted efforts should be made both at community and government levels to increase institutional delivery.
Keywords	Antenatal care ; Home delivery ; Maternal health ; Place of birth ; Traditional birth attendant ; Medicine ; R ; Nursing ; RT1-120
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1 B mimicking Fahr’s disease in a 28‐year‐old female

Suman Acharya / Sushil Kumar Yadav / Gaurav Nepal / Siddhartha Bhandari / Shiva Lal Bhattarai / Santosh Pathak / Bipin Kandel / Jeevan Gautam / Roshan Bhandari

Clinical Case Reports, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

A case report

2022

Abstract: Abstract In virtue of precise clinical history, physical examinations, and biochemical/radiological investigations, pseudohypoparathyroidism can be effectively diagnosed, and its types can be differentiated even without exorbitant tests. ...

Abstract	Abstract In virtue of precise clinical history, physical examinations, and biochemical/radiological investigations, pseudohypoparathyroidism can be effectively diagnosed, and its types can be differentiated even without exorbitant tests.
Keywords	parathyroid hormone resistance ; PHP 1B ; pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B ; PTH resistance ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Agro-morphological Variability of Barley under Normal and Late Sown Conditions in Chitwan, Nepal

Chiranjibi Poudyal / Santosh Pathak / Bishnu Raj Ojha / Santosh Marahatta

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 43-

2019 Volume 52

Abstract: Agro-morphological traits serve as an indirect selection criteria for developing new cultivars with superior performance ability. In order to study variability of agro-morphological traits of exotic barley genotypes under normal and late sown conditions, ...

Abstract	Agro-morphological traits serve as an indirect selection criteria for developing new cultivars with superior performance ability. In order to study variability of agro-morphological traits of exotic barley genotypes under normal and late sown conditions, a field experiment was conducted at the research field of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Chitwan, Nepal in 2015. Altogether, 13 genotypes of barley were sown under two factor factorial RCBD with three replications in two dates. Normal sowing was done on 29 Nov 2014 while late sowing was done on 1 Jan 2015. Agro-morphological traits were found to be varying significantly in late sowing condition as compared to normal one. The mean number of days to booting and heading reduced by 15.19% and 9.64%, respectively in late sown condition. Similarly, plant height reduced by 19.53%, peduncle length by 16.62%, flag leaf width by 42.87%, flag leaf area by 36.44% and FL-1 leaf area by 36.51% in late sown condition. Biomass, grain yield and harvest index were also found to be reduced by 39.66%, 69.77% and 46.48%, respectively for late sowing condition. Nepalese landrace Soluwa performed better in normal sown condition while exotic genotype SBYT 14-1 performed better in late sown condition. SBYT 14-27 and SBYT 14-38 genotypes exhibited stable yield in both sowing conditions. Stability attribute provides an avenue for further study of such promising genotypes from agronomic and breeding perspectives under varying edaphic and agronomic conditions, and also open up the possibility of developing best performing cultivar of barley for lower plain region of the country.
Keywords	Barley ; agro-morphological traits ; normal sowing ; late sowing ; Agriculture ; S
Subject code	590
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nepal Agricultural Research Council
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cryptococcal meningitis in an immunocompetent individual

Suman Acharya / Sushil Kumar Yadav / Prabesh Bikram Singh / Siddhartha Bhandari / Jeevan Gautam / Santosh Pathak / Gaurav Nepal / Ranjit Sah / Rajeev Ojha

Clinical Case Reports, Vol 9, Iss 10, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

A case report

2021

Abstract: Abstract Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is mostly seen in immune‐compromised patients and rarely occurs in immune‐competent individuals. Immunocompetent individuals with CM present with indolent neurological disease and have better clinical outcomes after ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is mostly seen in immune‐compromised patients and rarely occurs in immune‐competent individuals. Immunocompetent individuals with CM present with indolent neurological disease and have better clinical outcomes after treatment. However, misdiagnosis is common and these patients may suffer from serious complications with high mortality.
Keywords	cryptococcal meningitis ; HIV ; immunocompetent ; immunocompromised ; organ transplant ; Medicine ; R ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Agro-morphological Variability of Barley under Normal and Late Sown Conditions in Chitwan, Nepal

Chiranjibi Poudyal / Santosh Pathak / Bishnu Raj Ojha / Santosh Marahatta

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council. 2019 Apr., v. 5, no. 1

2019

Abstract	Agro-morphological traits serve as an indirect selection criteria for developing new cultivars with superior performance ability. In order to study variability of agro-morphological traits of exotic barley genotypes under normal and late sown conditions, a field experiment was conducted at the research field of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Chitwan, Nepal in 2015. Altogether, 13 genotypes of barley were sown under two factor factorial RCBD with three replications in two dates. Normal sowing was done on 29 Nov 2014 while late sowing was done on 1 Jan 2015. Agro-morphological traits were found to be varying significantly in late sowing condition as compared to normal one. The mean number of days to booting and heading reduced by 15.19% and 9.64%, respectively in late sown condition. Similarly, plant height reduced by 19.53%, peduncle length by 16.62%, flag leaf width by 42.87%, flag leaf area by 36.44% and FL-1 leaf area by 36.51% in late sown condition. Biomass, grain yield and harvest index were also found to be reduced by 39.66%, 69.77% and 46.48%, respectively for late sowing condition. Nepalese landrace Soluwa performed better in normal sown condition while exotic genotype SBYT 14-1 performed better in late sown condition. SBYT 14-27 and SBYT 14-38 genotypes exhibited stable yield in both sowing conditions. Stability attribute provides an avenue for further study of such promising genotypes from agronomic and breeding perspectives under varying edaphic and agronomic conditions, and also open up the possibility of developing best performing cultivar of barley for lower plain region of the country.
Keywords	agricultural research ; animal science ; barley ; biomass ; cultivars ; field experimentation ; genotype ; grain yield ; harvest index ; heading ; landraces ; leaf area ; leaf width ; peduncle ; plant height ; Nepal
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-04
Size	p. 43-52.
Publishing place	Nepal Agricultural Research Council
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2867761-4
ISSN	2392-4543 ; 2392-4535
ISSN (online)	2392-4543
ISSN	2392-4535
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Clinical predictors of radiological pneumonia

Sandeep Shrestha / Nagendra Chaudhary / Saneep Shrestha / Santosh Pathak / Arun Sharma / Laxman Shrestha / Om P Kurmi

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e

A cross-sectional study from a tertiary hospital in Nepal.

2020 Volume 0235598

Abstract: Background Despite readily availability of vaccines against both Hemophilus influenzae and Pneumococcus, pneumonia remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five years in Nepal. With growing antibiotic ... ...

Abstract	Background Despite readily availability of vaccines against both Hemophilus influenzae and Pneumococcus, pneumonia remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five years in Nepal. With growing antibiotic resistance and a general move towards more rational antibiotic use, early identification of clinical signs for the prediction of radiological pneumonia would help practitioners to start the treatment of patients. The main aim of this study was to reassess the clinical predictors of pneumonia in Nepal. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2015 and November 2015 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Children aged 3-60 months with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia by a physician were enrolled in the study. Radiological pneumonia was identified and categorized as per World Health Organization guidelines by an experienced radiologist blinded to patient characteristics. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of clinical signs and symptoms for radiological pneumonia. Results Out of 1021 children with fever, 160 cases were clinically diagnosed as pneumonia and were enrolled for this study. Among the enrolled patients, 61% had radiological pneumonia. Tachypnea had the highest sensitivity of 99%, while bronchial breathing had the highest specificity of 100%. During univariate analysis, grunting, wheezing, nasal discharge, decreased breath sounds, noisy breathing and hypoxemia were associated with radiological pneumonia. Only hypoxemia remained an independent predictor when adjusted for all the factors. Conclusion Tachypnea was the most sensitive sign, whereas bronchial breathing was most specific sign for radiological pneumonia.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical profile, complications and outcome of scrub typhus in children

Santosh Pathak / Nagendra Chaudhary / Prativa Dhakal / Disuja Shakya / Prativa Dhungel / Gagan Neupane / Sandeep Shrestha / Shanti Regmi / Om P Kurmi

PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e

A hospital based observational study in central Nepal.

2019 Volume 0220905

Abstract: Background Scrub typhus, an important cause of unexplained fever, is grossly neglected and often misdiagnosed in low and middle income countries like Nepal. The main aim of this study was to report on the clinical profile and complications of scrub ... ...

Abstract	Background Scrub typhus, an important cause of unexplained fever, is grossly neglected and often misdiagnosed in low and middle income countries like Nepal. The main aim of this study was to report on the clinical profile and complications of scrub typhus and its outcome in Nepalese children. Methods A prospective observational study was carried out in children aged 1-16 years, admitted to a tertiary care hospital of central Nepal in between July 2016- Aug 2017. Scrub typhus was diagnosed with IgM ELISA. Results All cases of scrub typhus (n = 76) presented with fever and commonly had other symptoms such as headache (75%), myalgia (68.4%), vomiting (64.5%), nausea (59.2%), abdominal pain (57.9%), cough (35.5%), shortness of breath (22.4%), altered sensorium (14.5%), rashes (13.2%) and seizures (11.8%). Important clinical signs noticed were lymphadenopathy (60.5%), hepatomegaly (47.4%), edema (26.3%), jaundice (26.3%), and splenomegaly (15.8%). About 12% (n = 9) had necrotic eschar. Similarly, thrombocytopenia, raised liver enzymes and raised creatinine values were seen in 36.9%, 34.2% and 65.8% respectively. The most common complications were myocarditis (72.4%), hypoalbuminemia (71.1%), severe thrombocytopenia (22.4%), renal impairment (65.8%), hyponatremia (48.7%) and hepatitis (34.2%). Over two-thirds (69.70%) of the cases were treated with doxycycline followed by combination with azithromycin in the remaining 18.4%. Overall, mortality rate in this group was 3.9%. Conclusions Scrub typhus should be considered as a differential in any community acquired acute undifferentiated febrile illness regardless of the presence of an eschar. Myocarditis and acute kidney injury are important complications which when addressed early can prevent mortality. Use of doxycycline showed a favorable outcome.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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