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  1. Article: Tracking an invasion: community changes in hardwood forests following the arrival of Amynthas agrestis and Amynthas tokioensis in Wisconsin

    Laushman, KatherineM / Bradley M. Herrick / Sara C. Hotchkiss

    Biological invasions. 2018 July, v. 20, no. 7

    2018  

    Abstract: Because Upper Midwest temperate forests lack native earthworms, the invasions of European and Asian earthworms can significantly alter soils and understory vegetation. Earthworms’ ability to increase leaf litter decay, alter nutrient cycling by mixing ... ...

    Abstract Because Upper Midwest temperate forests lack native earthworms, the invasions of European and Asian earthworms can significantly alter soils and understory vegetation. Earthworms’ ability to increase leaf litter decay, alter nutrient cycling by mixing the organic layer with mineral soil, and decrease plant species richness leads to concern about the Asian ‘jumping earthworm’ (Amynthas agrestis and A. tokioensis) species that were recorded in the University of Wisconsin—Madison Arboretum in 2013. In 2015, we found A. agrestis and A. tokioensis in a distinct 8-ha region of a 23-ha hardwood forest surveyed in the Arboretum; by 2016 A. agrestis and A. tokioensis had spread over an additional 7 ha. Plots also contained the European earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris, L. rubellus, and Apporectodea spp., whose distributions decreased from 2015 to 2016. While leaf litter, plant species richness, and tree and shrub seedling abundance were generally reduced in areas with European earthworms, they were typically slightly increased in areas with A. agrestis and A. tokioensis versus those without. Although our results do not show substantial impacts of A. agrestis and A. tokioensis on vegetation in the initial years of invasion, the rapid replacement of European earthworms by A. agrestis and A. tokioensis suggests continued monitoring of these new invasive species is important to better understand their potential to change the Upper Midwest’s forests.
    Keywords Amynthas agrestis ; arboreta ; biogeochemical cycles ; earthworms ; ecological invasion ; hardwood forests ; invasive species ; Lumbricus terrestris ; mineral soils ; mixing ; monitoring ; plant litter ; seedlings ; shrubs ; species diversity ; temperate forests ; trees ; understory ; Wisconsin
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-07
    Size p. 1671-1685.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1438729-3
    ISSN 1573-1464 ; 1387-3547
    ISSN (online) 1573-1464
    ISSN 1387-3547
    DOI 10.1007/s10530-017-1653-4
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 7608: Show issues

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  2. Article: A new application of change point analysis reveals extensive edge effects on a temperate mixed forest

    Michels, Kristin K / Sara C. Hotchkiss / Erin Jonaitis / Andrew L. Thurman

    Applied vegetation science. 2017 Oct., v. 20, no. 4

    2017  

    Abstract: QUESTIONS: How do landscape changes along edges of protected areas affect forest interiors and stand development? What are the locations, spatial extents and magnitudes of these effects? LOCATION: The 8500‐ha Sylvania Wilderness Area, Michigan's Upper ... ...

    Abstract QUESTIONS: How do landscape changes along edges of protected areas affect forest interiors and stand development? What are the locations, spatial extents and magnitudes of these effects? LOCATION: The 8500‐ha Sylvania Wilderness Area, Michigan's Upper Peninsula, USA. METHODS: We conducted vegetation surveys in 202 plots in ten transects crossing the Sylvania Wilderness border in 2013 and 2014. We recorded characteristics of forest structure, trees, shrubs, saplings, seedlings and herbaceous species. We constructed GLMM to estimate the location, spatial extent and magnitude of change of edge effects on Sylvania with a range of possible edge effect locations and widths of effect. We selected best‐fit models that minimized the AIC and applied likelihood ratio tests to assess the statistical significance of each edge effect. RESULTS: Overall, evidence of edge effects occurred up to 625 m into the Sylvania Wilderness, with most significant changes occurring within 400 m of the wilderness border. Wide zones of change occurred across the wilderness border, while zones of change farther from the edge tended to be narrower, suggesting that distinct environments are established beyond the transitional habitats surrounding the border region. Canopy‐level and understorey‐level variables exhibited the largest magnitudes and steepest gradients of change, indicating these communities are strongly influenced by edge effects in this forest system. Canopy‐level heterogeneity also increased approaching the internal core area of Sylvania. CONCLUSIONS: In this case study, we applied a linear change point model and found a minimum buffer zone of 400 m to mitigate edge effects in an old‐growth temperate mixed forest. Regionally, land managers could implement this buffer to existing edges of protected areas or negotiate this buffer zone in land acquisitions. A more stringent buffer zone of 625 m internal and 250 m external to old‐growth forests would be ideal. This application of change point analysis provides a simple, efficient method to establish effective buffer zones and to identify functional groups or ecosystem attributes for which edge effects are of greatest conservation concern. We recommend modifying our open‐source change point package to estimate local edge effects that take into account regional characteristics.
    Keywords case studies ; conservation areas ; ecosystems ; edge effects ; habitats ; landscapes ; mixed forests ; models ; moieties ; old-growth forests ; saplings ; seedlings ; shrubs ; stand development ; surveys ; wilderness ; Michigan
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-10
    Size p. 651-661.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1445659-x
    ISSN 1402-2001
    ISSN 1402-2001
    DOI 10.1111/avsc.12325
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

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  3. Article ; Online: Correction

    Ann E Russell / T Mitchell Aide / Elizabeth Braker / Emilio M Bruno / Carissa N Ganong / Rebecca D Hardin / Karen D Holl / Sara C Hotchkiss / Jeffrey A Klemens / Erin K Kuprewicz / Deedra McClearn / George Middendorf / Rebecca Ostertag / Jennifer S Powers / Sabrina E Russo / Jennifer L Stynoski / Ursula Valdez / Charles G Willis

    PLoS Biology, Vol 20, Iss 11, p e

    Integrating tropical research into biology education is urgently needed.

    2022  Volume 3001894

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001674.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001674.].
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Integrating tropical research into biology education is urgently needed.

    Ann E Russell / T Mitchell Aide / Elizabeth Braker / Carissa N Ganong / Rebecca D Hardin / Karen D Holl / Sara C Hotchkiss / Jeffrey A Klemens / Erin K Kuprewicz / Deedra McClearn / George Middendorf / Rebecca Ostertag / Jennifer S Powers / Sabrina E Russo / Jennifer L Stynoski / Ursula Valdez / Charles G Willis

    PLoS Biology, Vol 20, Iss 6, p e

    2022  Volume 3001674

    Abstract: Understanding tropical biology is important for solving complex problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and zoonotic pandemics, but biology curricula view research mostly via a temperate-zone lens. Integrating tropical research into biology ... ...

    Abstract Understanding tropical biology is important for solving complex problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and zoonotic pandemics, but biology curricula view research mostly via a temperate-zone lens. Integrating tropical research into biology education is urgently needed to tackle these issues.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  5. Article ; Online: Integrating tropical research into biology education is urgently needed

    Ann E. Russell / T. Mitchell Aide / Elizabeth Braker / Carissa N. Ganong / Rebecca D. Hardin / Karen D. Holl / Sara C. Hotchkiss / Jeffrey A. Klemens / Erin K. Kuprewicz / Deedra McClearn / George Middendorf / Rebecca Ostertag / Jennifer S. Powers / Sabrina E. Russo / Jennifer L. Stynoski / Ursula Valdez / Charles G. Willis

    PLoS Biology, Vol 20, Iss

    2022  Volume 6

    Abstract: Understanding tropical biology is important for solving complex problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and zoonotic pandemics, but biology curricula view research mostly via a temperate-zone lens. Integrating tropical research into biology ... ...

    Abstract Understanding tropical biology is important for solving complex problems such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and zoonotic pandemics, but biology curricula view research mostly via a temperate-zone lens. Integrating tropical research into biology education is urgently needed to tackle these issues. Tropical biology is currently largely absent from undergraduate curricula. The integration of authentic research in tropical biology could promote internationality among scientists and provide experiential learning that enables students to address complex global problems.
    Keywords Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

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  6. Article: Presence of lakes and wetlands decreases resilience of jack pine ecosystems to late-Holocene climatic changes

    Lynch, Elizabeth A / Randy Calcote / Sara C. Hotchkiss / Michael Tweiten

    Canadian journal of forest research =. 2014 July 21, v. 44, no. 11

    2014  

    Abstract: We reconstructed vegetation and fire histories from four sites located on a sandy outwash plain in northwestern Wisconsin (USA) to test whether lakes and wetlands have influenced how vegetation and fire regimes in pine–oak forests responded to late- ... ...

    Abstract We reconstructed vegetation and fire histories from four sites located on a sandy outwash plain in northwestern Wisconsin (USA) to test whether lakes and wetlands have influenced how vegetation and fire regimes in pine–oak forests responded to late-Holocene climatic changes. Because of positive feedbacks between jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and fire, communities with few fire breaks should be more resilient to changing climatic conditions. Pollen and charcoal from lake-sediment cores were used to reconstruct vegetation changes at 50- to 100-year intervals and forest fire history at decadal time scales for the past 2500 years. The presence of fire breaks affected both fire regimes and the response of vegetation to climatic changes. Areas with more fire breaks had smaller charcoal peaks and the vegetation was more responsive to climate changes. The vegetation in areas with few fire breaks was more resilient, maintaining higher amounts of jack pine and (or) red pine than the more protected sites. We interpret these findings as evidence that positive feedbacks between fire and jack pine forests stabilized vegetation at sites where fire breaks were absent, and that such sites may be relatively resilient to future climate changes, until jack pine is no longer able to regenerate under the regional climatic conditions.
    Keywords Pinus banksiana ; charcoal ; climate change ; climatic factors ; coniferous forests ; ecosystems ; fire break ; fire regime ; forest fires ; lakes ; pollen ; wetlands ; jack pine ; fire ; paleoecology ; fire history ; vegetation stability ; fire breaks ; feedbacks ; resilience ; Wisconsin
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-0721
    Size p. 1331-1343.
    Publishing place NRC Research Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1473096-0
    ISSN 1208-6037 ; 0045-5067
    ISSN (online) 1208-6037
    ISSN 0045-5067
    DOI 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0107
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Geophysical features influence the climate change sensitivity of northern Wisconsin pine and oak forests

    Tweiten, Michael A / Randy R. Calcote / Elizabeth A. Lynch / Sara C. Hotchkiss / Gregor W. Schuurman

    Ecological applications. 2015 Oct., v. 25, no. 7

    2015  

    Abstract: Landscape‐scale vulnerability assessment from multiple sources, including paleoecological site histories, can inform climate change adaptation. We used an array of lake sediment pollen and charcoal records to determine how soils and landscape factors ... ...

    Abstract Landscape‐scale vulnerability assessment from multiple sources, including paleoecological site histories, can inform climate change adaptation. We used an array of lake sediment pollen and charcoal records to determine how soils and landscape factors influenced the variability of forest composition change over the past 2000 years. The forests in this study are located in northwestern Wisconsin on a sandy glacial outwash plain. Soils and local climate vary across the study area. We used the Natural Resource Conservation Service's Soil Survey Geographic soil database and published fire histories to characterize differences in soils and fire history around each lake site. Individual site histories differed in two metrics of past vegetation dynamics: the extent to which white pine (Pinus strobus) increased during the Little Ice Age (LIA) climate period and the volatility in the rate of change between samples at 50–120 yr intervals. Greater increases of white pine during the LIA occurred on sites with less sandy soils (R² = 0.45, P < 0.0163) and on sites with relatively warmer and drier local climate (R² = 0.55, P < 0.0056). Volatility in the rate of change between samples was positively associated with LIA fire frequency (R² = 0.41, P < 0.0256). Over multi‐decadal to centennial timescales, forest compositional change and rate‐of‐change volatility were associated with higher fire frequency. Over longer (multi‐centennial) time frames, forest composition change, especially increased white pine, shifted most in sites with more soil moisture. Our results show that responsiveness of forest composition to climate change was influenced by soils, local climate, and fire. The anticipated climatic changes in the next century will not produce the same community dynamics on the same soil types as in the past, but understanding past dynamics and relationships can help us assess how novel factors and combinations of factors in the future may influence various site types. Our results support climate change adaptation efforts to monitor and conserve the landscape's full range of geophysical features.
    Keywords Pinus strobus ; charcoal ; climate ; climate change ; databases ; fire frequency ; fire history ; forests ; geophysics ; lakes ; landscapes ; paleoecology ; pollen ; risk assessment ; sandy soils ; sediments ; soil surveys ; soil water ; Wisconsin
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-10
    Size p. 1984-1996.
    Publishing place Ecological Society of America
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1074505-1
    ISSN 1939-5582 ; 1051-0761
    ISSN (online) 1939-5582
    ISSN 1051-0761
    DOI 10.1890/14-2015.1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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    In stock of ZB MED Bonn / Germany

    Z 5240: Show issues

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  8. Article: Presence of lakes and wetlands decreases resilience of jack pine ecosystems to late-Holocene climatic changes

    Lynch, Elizabeth A. / Randy Calcote / Sara C. Hotchkiss / Michael Tweiten

    Canadian journal of forest research =

    Volume v. 44,, Issue no. 1

    Abstract: We reconstructed vegetation and fire histories from four sites located on a sandy outwash plain in northwestern Wisconsin (USA) to test whether lakes and wetlands have influenced how vegetation and fire regimes in pine–oak forests responded to late- ... ...

    Abstract We reconstructed vegetation and fire histories from four sites located on a sandy outwash plain in northwestern Wisconsin (USA) to test whether lakes and wetlands have influenced how vegetation and fire regimes in pine–oak forests responded to late-Holocene climatic changes. Because of positive feedbacks between jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and fire, communities with few fire breaks should be more resilient to changing climatic conditions. Pollen and charcoal from lake-sediment cores were used to reconstruct vegetation changes at 50- to 100-year intervals and forest fire history at decadal time scales for the past 2500 years. The presence of fire breaks affected both fire regimes and the response of vegetation to climatic changes. Areas with more fire breaks had smaller charcoal peaks and the vegetation was more responsive to climate changes. The vegetation in areas with few fire breaks was more resilient, maintaining higher amounts of jack pine and (or) red pine than the more protected sites. We interpret these findings as evidence that positive feedbacks between fire and jack pine forests stabilized vegetation at sites where fire breaks were absent, and that such sites may be relatively resilient to future climate changes, until jack pine is no longer able to regenerate under the regional climatic conditions.
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1208-6037
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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