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Article ; Online: Reliability of ultrasound in evaluating the plantar skin and fat pad of the foot in the setting of diabetes.

Troy Morrison / Sara Jones / Ryan Scott Causby / Kerry Thoirs

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e

2021 Volume 0257790

Abstract: Ultrasound can be used to assess injury and structural changes to the soft-tissue structure of the foot. It may be useful to assess the feet of people with diabetes who are at increased risk of plantar soft-tissue pathological changes. The aim of this ... ...

Abstract	Ultrasound can be used to assess injury and structural changes to the soft-tissue structure of the foot. It may be useful to assess the feet of people with diabetes who are at increased risk of plantar soft-tissue pathological changes. The aim of this study was to determine if ultrasound measurements of plantar soft-tissue thickness and assessments of tissue acoustic characteristics are reliable in people with and without diabetes mellitus. A repeated measures design was used to determine intra-observer reliability for ultrasound measurements of plantar skin and fat pad thickness and intra- and inter-observer reliability of plantar skin and fat pad tissue characterisation assessments made at foot sites which are at risk of tissue injury in people with diabetes. Thickness measurements and tissue characterisation assessments were obtained at the heel and forefoot in both the unloaded and compressed states and included discrete layers of the plantar tissues: skin, microchamber, horizontal fibrous band, macrochamber and total soft-tissue depth. At each site, relative intra-observer reliability was achieved for the measurement of at least one plantar tissue layer. The total soft-tissue thickness measured in the unloaded state (ICC 0.925-0.976) demonstrated intra-observer reliability and is the most sensitive for detecting small change on repeated measures. Intra-observer agreement was demonstrated for tissue characteristic assessments of the skin at the heel (k = 0.70), fat pad at the lateral sesamoid region (k = 0.70) and both skin and fat pad at the second (k = 0.80, k = 0.70 respectively) and third metatarsal heads (k = 0.90, k = 0.79 respectively). However, acceptable inter-observer agreement was not demonstrated for any tissue characteristic assessment, therefore the use of multiple observers should be avoided when making these assessments.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The distribution of registered occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists in Australia.

Engida Yisma / Vincent L Versace / Martin Jones / Sandra Walsh / Sara Jones / Esther May / Lee San Puah / Marianne Gillam

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 9, p e

2023 Volume 0291962

Abstract: Background In Australia, the distribution of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists density (per 10,000 population) by measure of location/rurality, usual resident population, and area-level socioeconomic status has not been described. ...

Abstract	Background In Australia, the distribution of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists density (per 10,000 population) by measure of location/rurality, usual resident population, and area-level socioeconomic status has not been described. Objective To describe the national as well as states-and territories-wide distribution of registered allied health workforce-occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists-by measures of rurality and area-level socioeconomic position in Australia. Methods A linked data study that brings together (1) the location of health practitioners' principal place of practice from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, (2) a measure of location/rurality-Modified Monash Model (MMM), and (3) an area-level measure of socioeconomic status-Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD). The provider-to-population ratio (i.e., density) of three Australia's allied health workforce (occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists) was calculated according to the MMM classifications (i.e., Modified Monash 1-7) and IRSAD quintiles at state and national level. Results Nationwide, the density of occupational therapists and physiotherapists was highest in metropolitan areas (Modified Monash 1) and decreased with the increasing levels of the MMM categories. The national density of podiatrists was highest in Modified Monash 3 areas. The density of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists was highest in areas with IRSAD quintile 5 (i.e., the highest socioeconomic position) and decreased with the declining levels of the IRSAD quintiles nationwide. Moreover, there were notable disparities in the density of occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists across each state and territory in Australia when stratified by the MMM classifications and IRSAD quintiles. Conclusions There was uneven distribution of registered occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists when stratified by measures of ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The distribution of registered occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and podiatrists in Australia

Engida Yisma / Vincent L. Versace / Martin Jones / Sandra Walsh / Sara Jones / Esther May / Lee San Puah / Marianne Gillam

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

2023 Volume 9

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Can ultrasound measures of intrinsic foot muscles and plantar soft tissues predict future diabetes-related foot disease? A systematic review.

Troy Morrison / Sara Jones / Ryan S Causby / Kerry Thoirs

PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 6, p e

2018 Volume 0199055

Abstract: INTRODUCTION:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with hyperglycaemia and advanced glycosylation end-products. In the foot, the consequences of chronic or uncontrolled diabetes are micro and macrovascular disease, neuropathy, reduced joint mobility and ... ...

Abstract	INTRODUCTION:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with hyperglycaemia and advanced glycosylation end-products. In the foot, the consequences of chronic or uncontrolled diabetes are micro and macrovascular disease, neuropathy, reduced joint mobility and structural and soft tissue changes that increase the risk of ulcer development and amputation. Diabetes foot assessment currently includes a comprehensive history, neurological and vascular assessments and examination focussed on dermatological and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Whilst these assessments are helpful for predicting ulceration risk, direct identifiers that enable early therapeutic intervention are lacking. The intention of this review was to ascertain if B-mode ultrasound could be clinically applied to identify structural change in the diabetic foot and be utilised as an early predictor of ulceration risk. METHODS:Primary databases and grey literature sources were systematically searched. Selection criteria were that the study included a diabetic sample and used B-mode ultrasound to assess soft tissue structures of the foot (plantar skin, plantar fat pad or intrinsic muscles). RESULTS:Fifteen studies were identified for inclusion (combined diabetic sample of 773). Ultrasound demonstrated reductions in tissue thickness in diabetics compared to non-diabetics under first (p = 0.01) and second (p = 0.03) metatarsal heads, but not the third (p = 0.24). Statistical heterogeneity was high for ultrasound thickness measures under metatarsal heads four/five (I2 65%, 81%) and very high for plantar skin (I2 98%), heel pad (I2 76%) and intrinsic muscles (I2 91%, 81%). Extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) ultrasound measures were significantly thinner in diabetics for all dimension measures compared to healthy controls except one study, which reported no significant differences in EDB thickness. CONCLUSIONS:No direct evidence was found to indicate B-mode ultrasound measures can predict soft tissue changes in the plantar foot in diabetes, although low level studies indicate ultrasound has the potential to identify structural change. Clinical, methodological and statistical heterogeneity limit result applicability. This review highlights the need for robust prospective longitudinal research to examine the predictive validity of this method.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610 ; 571
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Who Cares About Foot Care? Barriers and Enablers of Foot Self-care Practices Among Non-Institutionalized Older Adults Diagnosed With Diabetes

Matricciani, Lisa / Sara Jones

Diabetes educator. 2015 Feb., v. 41, no. 1

An Integrative Review

2015

Abstract: Appropriate and timely foot self-care practices may prevent diabetes-related foot complications. However, self-care practices are often neglected, particularly by older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative, systematic ... ...

Abstract	Appropriate and timely foot self-care practices may prevent diabetes-related foot complications. However, self-care practices are often neglected, particularly by older adults. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative, systematic literature review of the psychosocial barriers and enablers of foot self-care practices among older adults diagnosed with diabetes. An integrative, systematic literature review and a deductive thematic analysis was conducted to determine psychosocial barriers and enablers of foot self-care practices among older adults. A total of 130 different studies were retrieved from the search strategy. From these, 9 studies were identified and included for review. Physical ability, perceived importance, patient knowledge, provision of education, social integration, risk status, and patient-provider communication were identified as key barriers and enablers of foot self-care. Participants at high risk of foot complications were found to perceive themselves at greater risk of complications, receive more education, and engage in better overall foot self-care practices compared to those at low risk of foot complications. Foot self-care practices appear underutilized as primary prevention measures by older adults and are instead adopted only once complications have already occurred. Likewise, facilitators of foot self-care practices, such as education, appear to be reserved for individuals who have already developed foot complications. Health care professionals such as diabetes educators, podiatrists, and general practitioners may play an important role in the prevention of foot complications among older adults by recognizing, referring, and providing early education to older adults.
Keywords	diabetic foot ; elderly ; general practitioners ; health education ; patient education ; patients
Language	English
Dates of publication	2015-02
Size	p. 106-117.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2173745-9
ISSN	1554-6063 ; 0145-7217
ISSN (online)	1554-6063
ISSN	0145-7217
DOI	10.1177/0145721714560441
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Manipulating image luminance to improve eye gaze and verbal behavior in autistic children

LouAnne Boyd / Vincent Berardi / Deanna Hughes / Franceli Cibrian / Jazette Johnson / Viseth Sean / Eliza DelPizzo-Cheng / Brandon Mackin / Ayra Tusneem / Riya Mody / Sara Jones / Karen Lotich

Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Autism has been characterized by a tendency to attend to the local visual details over surveying an image to understand the gist–a phenomenon called local interference. This sensory processing trait has been found to negatively impact social ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Autism has been characterized by a tendency to attend to the local visual details over surveying an image to understand the gist–a phenomenon called local interference. This sensory processing trait has been found to negatively impact social communication. Although much work has been conducted to understand these traits, little to no work has been conducted to intervene to provide support for local interference. Additionally, recent understanding of autism now introduces the core role of sensory processing and its impact on social communication. However, no interventions to the end of our knowledge have been explored to leverage this relationship. This work builds on the connection between visual attention and semantic representation in autistic children. In this work, we ask the following research questions: RQ1: Does manipulating image characteristics of luminance and spatial frequency increase likelihood of fixations in hot spots (Areas of Interest) for autistic children? RQ2: Does manipulating low-level image characteristics of luminance and spatial frequency increase the likelihood of global verbal responses for autistic children? We sought to manipulate visual attention as measured by eye gaze fixations and semantic representation of verbal response to the question “What is this picture about?”. We explore digital strategies to offload low-level, sensory processing of global features via digital filtering. In this work, we designed a global filter to reduce image characteristics found to be distracting for autistic people and compared baseline images to featured images in 11 autistic children. Participants saw counterbalanced images way over 2 sessions. Eye gaze in areas of interest and verbal responses were collected and analyzed. We found that luminance in non-salient areas impacted both eye gaze and verbal responding–however in opposite ways (however versus high levels of luminance). Additionally, the interaction of luminance and spatial frequency in areas of interest is also significant. This is the first empirical study in designing an assistive technology aimed to augment global processing that occurs at a sensory-processing and social-communication level. Contributions of this work include empirical findings regarding the quantification of local interference in images of natural scenes for autistic children in real-world settings; digital methods to offload global visual processing to make this information more accessible via insight on the role of luminance and spatial frequency in visual perception of and semantic representation in images of natural scenes.
Keywords	History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Springer Nature
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Satellite glial cells promote regenerative growth in sensory neurons

Oshri Avraham / Pan-Yue Deng / Sara Jones / Rejji Kuruvilla / Clay F. Semenkovich / Vitaly A. Klyachko / Valeria Cavalli

Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 17

Abstract: The contribution of satellite glia to peripheral nerve regeneration is unclear. Here, the authors show that satellite glia are transcriptionally distinct from Schwann cells, share similarities with astrocytes, and, upon injury, they contribute to axon ... ...

Abstract	The contribution of satellite glia to peripheral nerve regeneration is unclear. Here, the authors show that satellite glia are transcriptionally distinct from Schwann cells, share similarities with astrocytes, and, upon injury, they contribute to axon regeneration via Fasn-PPARα signalling pathway.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Satellite glial cells promote regenerative growth in sensory neurons

Oshri Avraham / Pan-Yue Deng / Sara Jones / Rejji Kuruvilla / Clay F. Semenkovich / Vitaly A. Klyachko / Valeria Cavalli

Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 17

Abstract	The contribution of satellite glia to peripheral nerve regeneration is unclear. Here, the authors show that satellite glia are transcriptionally distinct from Schwann cells, share similarities with astrocytes, and, upon injury, they contribute to axon regeneration via Fasn-PPARα signalling pathway.
Keywords	Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Identifying features of quality in rural placements for health students

Jodie Bailie / Sarah Hyde / Imo Inyang / Sara Jones / Elyce Green / Claire Quilliam / Lyndal Sheepway / Catherine A Hays / Leigh Moore / Rohan L Rasiah / Christine Howard / Kylie Matthews / Jane Ferns / Leanne J Brown / Marjorie Collett

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

scoping review

2022 Volume 4

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Foot Pain and Cycling

Hayley Uden / Sara Jones / Karen Grimmer

Journal of Science and Cycling, Vol 1, Iss 2, Pp 28-

a survey of frequency, type, location, associations and amelioration of foot pain

2012 Volume 34

Abstract: The foot – pedal interface is the primary site for energy transfer from the cyclist to the bicycle, with anecdotal evidence that foot injuries from cycling are common. However, there is little research regarding the prevalence, aetiology and/or ... ...

Abstract	The foot – pedal interface is the primary site for energy transfer from the cyclist to the bicycle, with anecdotal evidence that foot injuries from cycling are common. However, there is little research regarding the prevalence, aetiology and/or management of such injuries. 1) What is the distribution of age, gender, foot/pedal interface use and distances cycled amongst cyclists who experience foot pain? 2) What type of pain and what region of the foot do cyclists experience pain? 3) What amelioration techniques are used for this cycling foot pain? 4) Are there key groups of cyclists at greater risk of foot pain than others?. Cyclists over 18 years of age riding a non-stationary, upright bicycle at least once a week (minimum of one hour) were invited to participate in an electronic questionnaire. The electronic link to the survey was distributed through three large databases Bike SA, (the peak representative body for South Australian cyclists), Mega Bike (a large bicycle shop in Adelaide) and staff and students of the School of Health Sciences at the University of South Australia. The survey asked about cycling participation, pedal interface and foot pain. The survey was returned by 397 participants (93.9% responses eligible for analysis). Foot pain was reported by 53.9% respondents. The forefoot, inclusive of the toenails, toes and ball of the foot, was the highest reported region of foot pain (61%). The pain was described as ‘burning’ and ‘numbness’. ‘Stopping’ for a period of time during the cycle and ‘removing their shoes’, ‘walking around’, ‘massaging’ and ‘stretching’ the foot was the most commonly reported amelioration technique. The group of cyclists at greatest risk of experiencing foot pain are those who ride with an attached (cleated-in, strap, cage) foot-pedal interface. This paper found a high frequency of foot pain in cyclists (53.9% of cohort). The pain was overwhelmingly described as ‘burning’ and ‘numbness’ with the forefoot region most implicated. ‘Stopping’ for a period of time during the cycle and ‘removing their shoes’, ‘walking around’, ‘massaging’ and ‘stretching’ the foot was the most commonly reported amelioration technique. The group of cyclists who are at the greatest risk of experiencing foot pain are those who ride with an attached foot-pedal interface (2.6 odds ratio); followed by the combination of those who use an attached foot-pedal interface and who are 26 years of age or older (2.2 odds ratio). Our study highlights the importance of addressing the current knowledge gap regarding foot pain and cycling and the need to investigate effective interventions for this problem.
Keywords	foot pain ; cyclist ; bicycle ; injury ; Sports ; GV557-1198.995 ; Recreation. Leisure ; GV1-1860 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; DOAJ:Sports Science ; DOAJ:Social Sciences
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12-01T00:00:00Z
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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