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Article ; Online: Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in neonatal patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Sara Wood / Riccardo Iacobelli / Sarah Kopfer / Caroline Lindblad / Eric Peter Thelin / Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö / Lars Mikael Broman

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-supportive treatment in neonatal patients with refractory lung and/or heart failure. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe complication and reliable predictors are warranted. The aims of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-supportive treatment in neonatal patients with refractory lung and/or heart failure. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe complication and reliable predictors are warranted. The aims of this study were to explore the incidence and possible predictors of ICH in ECMO-treated neonatal patients. We performed a single-center retrospective observational cohort study. Patients aged ≤ 28 days treated with ECMO between 2010 and 2018 were included. Exclusion criteria were ICH, ischemic stroke, cerebrovascular malformation before ECMO initiation or detected within 12 h of admission, ECMO treatment < 12 h, or prior treatment with ECMO at another facility > 12 h. The primary outcome was a CT-verified ICH. Logistic regression models were employed to identify possible predictors of the primary outcome. Of the 223 patients included, 29 (13%) developed an ICH during ECMO treatment. Thirty-day mortality was 59% in the ICH group and 16% in the non-ICH group (p < 0.0001). Lower gestational age (p < 0.01, odds ratio (OR) 0.96; 95%CI 0.94–0.98), and higher pre-ECMO lactate levels (p = 0.017, OR 1.1; 95%CI 1.01–1.18) were independently associated with increased risk of ICH-development. In the clinical setting, identification of risk factors and multimodal neuromonitoring could help initiate steps that lower the risk of ICH in these patients.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Learning principles of evolution during a crisis

Emily Driessen / Abby Beatty / Alexis Stokes / Sara Wood / Cissy Ballen

Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 22, Pp 12431-

An exploratory analysis of student barriers one week and one month into the COVID‐19 pandemic

2020 Volume 12436

Abstract: Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak forced an emergency transition to online classes across the world with little warning or instruction for faculty and students. The goal of this research was to document how this response impacted ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak forced an emergency transition to online classes across the world with little warning or instruction for faculty and students. The goal of this research was to document how this response impacted undergraduate students studying the principles of evolution in an introductory organismal biology class over time; specifically, how their study habits for exams differed (a) one week and (b) one month after a university's decision to transition to emergency remote instruction. We asked students about the extent to which COVID‐19 impacted their study habits, and we categorized students’ responses using open coding. We identified a number of consistent similarities—as well as dramatic differences—in their responses as the time away from campus increased. The report that follows is a summary of the documented barriers and recommendations based on literature concerning crises and equitable practices.
Keywords	biology ; equitable practices ; online learning ; study habits ; undergraduate students ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	420
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases

Sara Wood / Sophie E. Harrison / Natasha Judd / Mark A. Bellis / Karen Hughes / Andrew Jones

BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a systematic review of reviews

2021 Volume 16

Abstract: Abstract Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted that individuals with behavioural risk factors commonly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as smoking, harmful alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity, are ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted that individuals with behavioural risk factors commonly associated with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as smoking, harmful alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity, are more likely to experience severe symptoms from COVID-19. These risk factors have been shown to increase the risk of NCDs, but less is known about their broader influence on communicable diseases. Taking a wide focus on a range of common communicable diseases, this review aimed to synthesise research examining the impact of behavioural risk factors commonly associated with NCDs on risks of contracting, or having more severe outcomes from, communicable diseases. Methods Literature searches identified systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the association between behavioural risk factors (alcohol, smoking, illicit drug use, physical inactivity, obesity and poor diet) and the contraction/severity of common communicable diseases, including infection or associated pathogens. An a priori, prospectively registered protocol was followed (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020223890). Results Fifty-three systematic reviews were included, of which 36 were also meta-analyses. Reviews focused on: tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, invasive bacterial diseases, pneumonia, influenza, and COVID-19. Twenty-one reviews examined the association between behavioural risk factors and communicable disease contraction and 35 examined their association with communicable disease outcomes (three examined their association with both contraction and outcomes). Fifty out of 53 reviews (94%) concluded that at least one of the behavioural risk factors studied increased the risk of contracting or experiencing worse health outcomes from a communicable disease. Across all reviews, effect sizes, where calculated, ranged from 0.83 to 8.22. Conclusions Behavioural risk factors play a significant role in the risk of contracting and experiencing ...
Keywords	Infectious disease ; COVID-19 ; Risk factors ; Obesity ; Smoking ; Drug use ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Opening data to the world

Sara Wood

Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol 85, Iss 10, Pp 736-

why health numbers matter

2007 Volume 736

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Public Health ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	World Health Organization
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Incidence and predictors of brain infarction in neonatal patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Sarah Kopfer / Riccardo Iacobelli / Sara Wood / Caroline Lindblad / Eric Peter Thelin / Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö / Lars Mikael Broman

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

an observational cohort study

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract To determine the incidence and identify predictors of brain infarctions (BI) in neonatal patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We performed a retrospective cohort study at ECMO Centre Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract To determine the incidence and identify predictors of brain infarctions (BI) in neonatal patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We performed a retrospective cohort study at ECMO Centre Karolinska, Stockholm, Sweden. Logistic regression models were used to identify BI predictors. Neonates (age 0–28 days) treated with veno-arterial (VA) or veno-venous (VV) ECMO between 2010 and 2018. The primary outcome was a computed tomography (CT) verified BI diagnosed during ECMO treatment. In total, 223 patients were included, 102 patients (46%) underwent at least one brain CT and 27 patients (12%) were diagnosed with a BI. BI diagnosis was associated with increased 30-day mortality (48% vs. 18%). High pre-ECMO Pediatric Index of Mortality score, sepsis as the indication for ECMO treatment, VA ECMO, conversion between ECMO modes, use of continuous renal replacement therapy, and extracranial thrombosis were identified as independent predictors of BI development. The incidence of BI in neonatal ECMO patients may be higher than previously understood. Risk factor identification may help initiate steps to lower the risk or facilitate earlier diagnosis of BI in neonates undergoing ECMO treatment.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Associations between adverse childhood experiences, attitudes towards COVID-19 restrictions and vaccine hesitancy

Mark A Bellis / Karen Hughes / Kat Ford / Sara Wood / Hannah C E Madden / Freya Glendinning

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

a cross-sectional study

2022 Volume 2

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Adverse childhood experiences and sources of childhood resilience

Mark A. Bellis / Karen Hughes / Kat Ford / Katie A. Hardcastle / Catherine A. Sharp / Sara Wood / Lucia Homolova / Alisha Davies

BMC Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a retrospective study of their combined relationships with child health and educational attendance

2018 Volume 12

Abstract: Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including maltreatment and exposure to household stressors can impact the health of children. Community factors that provide support, friendship and opportunities for development may build children’ ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) including maltreatment and exposure to household stressors can impact the health of children. Community factors that provide support, friendship and opportunities for development may build children’s resilience and protect them against some harmful impacts of ACEs. We examine if a history of ACEs is associated with poor childhood health and school attendance and the extent to which such outcomes are counteracted by community resilience assets. Methods A national (Wales) cross-sectional retrospective survey (n = 2452) using a stratified random probability sampling methodology and including a boost sample (n = 471) of Welsh speakers. Data collection used face-to-face interviews at participants’ places of residence. Outcome measures were self-reported poor childhood health, specific conditions (asthma, allergies, headaches, digestive disorders) and school absenteeism. Results Prevalence of each common childhood condition, poor childhood health and school absenteeism increased with number of ACEs reported. Childhood community resilience assets (being treated fairly, supportive childhood friends, being given opportunities to use your abilities, access to a trusted adult and having someone to look up to) were independently linked to better outcomes. In those with ≥4 ACEs the presence of all significant resilience assets (vs none) reduced adjusted prevalence of poor childhood health from 59.8 to 21.3%. Conclusions Better prevention of ACEs through the combined actions of public services may reduce levels of common childhood conditions, improve school attendance and help alleviate pressures on public services. Whilst the eradication of ACEs remains unlikely, actions to strengthen community resilience assets may partially offset their immediate harms.
Keywords	Adverse childhood experiences ; Resilience ; School attendance ; Digestive diseases ; Asthma ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360 ; 370
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Induction of labour for predicted macrosomia

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

study protocol for the ‘Big Baby’ randomised controlled trial

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: Introduction Large-for-gestational age (LGA) fetuses have an increased risk of shoulder dystocia. This can lead to adverse neonatal outcomes and death. Early induction of labour in women with a fetus suspected to be macrosomic may mitigate the risk of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Large-for-gestational age (LGA) fetuses have an increased risk of shoulder dystocia. This can lead to adverse neonatal outcomes and death. Early induction of labour in women with a fetus suspected to be macrosomic may mitigate the risk of shoulder dystocia. The Big Baby Trial aims to find if induction of labour at 38+0–38+4 weeks’ gestation, in pregnancies with suspected LGA fetuses, reduces the incidence of shoulder dystocia.Methods and analysis The Big Baby Trial is a multicentre, prospective, individually randomised controlled trial of induction of labour at 38+0 to 38+4 weeks’ gestation vs standard care as per each hospital trust (median gestation of delivery 39+4) among women whose fetuses have an estimated fetal weight >90th customised centile according to ultrasound scan at 35+0 to 38+0 weeks’ gestation. There is a parallel cohort study for women who decline randomisation because they opt for induction, expectant management or caesarean section. Up to 4000 women will be recruited and randomised to induction of labour or to standard care. The primary outcome is the incidence of shoulder dystocia; assessed by an independent expert group, blind to treatment allocation, from delivery records. Secondary outcomes include birth trauma, fractures, haemorrhage, caesarean section rate and length of inpatient stay. The main trial is ongoing, following an internal pilot study. A qualitative reporting, health economic evaluation and parallel process evaluation are included.Ethics and dissemination The study received a favourable opinion from the South West—Cornwall and Plymouth Health Research Authority on 23/03/2018 (IRAS project ID 229163). Study results will be reported in the National Institute for Health Research journal library and published in an open access peer-reviewed journal. We will plan dissemination events for key stakeholders.Trial registration number ISRCTN18229892.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Route of drug administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Keith Couper / Chen Ji / Ranjit Lall / Charles D Deakin / Rachael Fothergill / John Long / James Mason / Felix Michelet / Jerry P Nolan / Henry Nwankwo / Tom Quinn / Anne-Marie Slowther / Michael A Smyth / Alison Walker / Loraine Chowdhury / Chloe Norman / Laurille Sprauve / Kath Starr / Sara Wood /

Resuscitation Plus, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 100544- (2024)

A protocol for a randomised controlled trial (PARAMEDIC-3)

2024

Abstract: Aims: The PARAMEDIC-3 trial evaluates the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an intraosseous first strategy, compared with an intravenous first strategy, for drug administration in adults who have sustained an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: ... ...

Abstract	Aims: The PARAMEDIC-3 trial evaluates the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an intraosseous first strategy, compared with an intravenous first strategy, for drug administration in adults who have sustained an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: PARAMEDIC-3 is a pragmatic, allocation concealed, open-label, multi-centre, superiority randomised controlled trial. It will recruit 15,000 patients across English and Welsh ambulance services. Adults who have sustained an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are individually randomised to an intraosseous access first strategy or intravenous access first strategy in a 1:1 ratio through an opaque, sealed envelope system. The randomised allocation determines the route used for the first two attempts at vascular access. Participants are initially enrolled under a deferred consent model.The primary clinical-effectiveness outcome is survival at 30-days. Secondary outcomes include return of spontaneous circulation, neurological functional outcome, and health-related quality of life. Participants are followed-up to six-months following cardiac arrest. The primary health economic outcome is incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. Conclusion: The PARAMEDIC-3 trial will provide key information on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of drug route in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Trial registration: ISRCTN14223494, registered 16/08/2021, prospectively registered.
Keywords	Cardiac arrest ; Epinephrine ; Intraosseous ; Intravenous ; Clinical trial protocol ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951
Subject code	360 ; 610
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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