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Article ; Online: A consensus approach

Juping Yu / Sarah Wallace / Joyce Kenkre

Health Expectations, Vol 26, Iss 3, Pp 1065-

Understanding the support needs of women in Newport West, Wales, to participate in breast screening

2023 Volume 1080

Abstract: Abstract Introduction Breast screening is an effective way to improve the early detection of breast cancer and reduce mortality. Unfortunately, low uptake of screening is often reported. This study aimed to explore the support needs of women residing in ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Introduction Breast screening is an effective way to improve the early detection of breast cancer and reduce mortality. Unfortunately, low uptake of screening is often reported. This study aimed to explore the support needs of women residing in Newport West, Wales, to participate in breast screening. Methods Group Concept Mapping, a structured participatory consensus approach, was used as the method. Participants completed three activities either online or offline: brainstorming to generate statements, sorting statements into themed categories; rating statements for perceived importance and accessibility (easy to get). Results Thirty‐seven participants from seven ethnic groups took part. Sixty‐three statements (items of support) were generated and sorted into seven conceptually similar clusters (themes) (Trusting that I will be respected; Reassurance about my experience; Accessibility and convenience; Practical support; Addressing cultural diversity; Information tailored to individual needs; Raising awareness and understanding of breast screening). The ‘Trusting that I will be respected’ cluster was rated most important, while the ‘Practical support’ cluster was rated least accessible. Some disparity between responses was found based on ethnicity, language, disability and previous attendance of breast screening. Conclusions Women require a range of support to participate in breast screening. The results highlight the importance of ensuring women feel and are respected, instilling trust in the staff performing the screening, offering reassurance about positive experiences of breast screening and providing practical support, especially individualized/targeted support for people who do not speak and/or read English and those with a disability. Patient or Public Contribution The public contributed to the development of the information sheet, consent form, recruitment and data collection method.
Keywords	breast screening ; ethnic minorities ; Group Concept Mapping ; support ; uptake of breast screening ; Wales ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Enhancing higher education student well-being through social prescribing

Mark Davies / Sarah Wallace / Carolyn Wallace / David Pontin / Megan Elliott

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

a realist evaluation protocol

2022 Volume 3

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Systematic Review of Access to Rehabilitation for People with Disabilities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Tess Bright / Sarah Wallace / Hannah Kuper

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 15, Iss 10, p

2018 Volume 2165

Abstract: Rehabilitation seeks to optimize functioning of people with impairments and includes a range of specific health services—diagnosis, treatment, surgery, assistive devices, and therapy. Evidence on access to rehabilitation services for people with ... ...

Abstract	Rehabilitation seeks to optimize functioning of people with impairments and includes a range of specific health services—diagnosis, treatment, surgery, assistive devices, and therapy. Evidence on access to rehabilitation services for people with disabilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. A systematic review was conducted to examine this in depth. In February 2017, six databases were searched for studies measuring access to rehabilitation among people with disabilities in LMICs. Eligible measures of access to rehabilitation included: use of assistive devices, use of specialist health services, and adherence to treatment. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Data was extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Of 13,048 screened studies, 77 were eligible for inclusion. These covered a broad geographic area. 17% of studies measured access to hearing-specific services; 22% vision-specific; 31% physical impairment-specific; and 44% measured access to mental impairment-specific services. A further 35% measured access to services for any disability. A diverse range of measures of disability and access were used across studies making comparability difficult. However, there was some evidence that access to rehabilitation is low among people with disabilities. No clear patterns were seen in access by equity measures such as age, locality, socioeconomic status, or country income group due to the limited number of studies measuring these indicators, and the range of measures used. Access to rehabilitation services was highly variable and poorly measured within the studies in the review, but generally shown to be low. Far better metrics are needed, including through clinical assessment, before we have a true appreciation of the population level need for and coverage of these services.
Keywords	access ; health care ; rehabilitation ; people with disabilities ; low- and middle-income country ; universal health coverage ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	306
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Association of anxiety and depression with physical and sensory functional difficulties in adults in five population-based surveys in low and middle-income countries.

Sarah Wallace / Islay Mactaggart / Lena Morgon Banks / Sarah Polack / Hannah Kuper

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e

2020 Volume 0231563

Abstract: Background The aim of this study was to assess the association between anxiety and depression with physical and sensory functional difficulties, among adults living in five low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods and findings A secondary data ... ...

Abstract	Background The aim of this study was to assess the association between anxiety and depression with physical and sensory functional difficulties, among adults living in five low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods and findings A secondary data analysis was undertaken using population-based disability survey data from five LMICs, including two national surveys (Guatemala, Maldives) and 3 regional/district surveys (Nepal, India, Cameroon). 19,337 participants were sampled in total (range 1,617-7,604 in individual studies). Anxiety, depression, and physical and sensory functional difficulties were assessed using the Washington Group Extended Question Set on Functioning. Age-sex adjusted logistic regression analyses were undertaken to assess the association of anxiety and depression with hearing, visual or mobility functional difficulties. The findings demonstrated an increased adjusted odds of severe depression and severe anxiety among adults with mobility, hearing and visual functional difficulties in all settings (with ORs ranging from 2.0 to 14.2) except for in relation to hearing loss in India, the Maldives and Cameroon, where no clear association was found. For all settings and types of functional difficulties, there was a stronger association with severe anxiety and depression than with moderate. Both India and Cameroon had higher reported prevalences of physical and sensory functional difficulties compared with Nepal and Guatemala, and weaker associations with anxiety and depression. Conclusion People with physical and sensory functional difficulties are more likely to report experiencing depression and anxiety. This evidence supports the need for ensuring a good awareness of mental health among those working with individuals with physical and sensory functional difficulties in LMICs. This implies that these practitioners must have the skills to identify anxiety and depression. Furthermore, mental health services must be available and accessible to patients with these conditions, which will likely ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Factors Influencing the Gender Breakdown of Academic Radiology Residency Programs.

Campbell, James C / Yoon, Sora C / Cater, Sarah Wallace / Grimm, Lars J

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR

2017 Volume 14, Issue 7, Page(s) 958–962

Abstract: Purpose: To determine the gender distribution of radiology residency programs and identify associations with radiology departmental factors.: Methods: The residency programs affiliated with the top 50 research medical school from US News and World ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To determine the gender distribution of radiology residency programs and identify associations with radiology departmental factors. Methods: The residency programs affiliated with the top 50 research medical school from US News and World Report were identified. The gender of all radiology residency graduates from each program from 2011 to 2015 were collected. Radiology departmental factors were collected: gender of chairperson, gender of program director, gender of faculty, geographic location, and city population of the residency program. The median percentage of female radiology faculty and residents were calculated and classified as above or below the median. Comparisons were made between residency programs and departmental factors via a Pearson χ Results: There were 618 (27.9%) female and 1,598 (72.1%) male residents in our study, with a median female representation of 26.4% in each program. Programs with a female residency program director were significantly more likely to have an above-median percentage of female residents versus a male program director (68.4% versus 38.7%, P = .04). Programs in the Northeast (70.6%) and West (70.0%) had higher above-median female representation than the South (10.0%) and Midwest (38.5%, P < .01). There was no association with city population size (P = .40), gender of faculty (P = .40), residency size (P = .91), or faculty size (P = .15). Conclusion: Radiology residency programs with a female residency program director and those in the Northeast or West have a greater concentration of female residents. Residency programs that aim to increase female representation should investigate modifiable factors that can improve their recruitment practices.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274861-1
ISSN	1558-349X ; 1546-1440
ISSN (online)	1558-349X
ISSN	1546-1440
DOI	10.1016/j.jacr.2017.02.045
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Article ; Online: Developing an Introductory Radiology Clerkship at Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Sarah Wallace Cater / Lakshmi Krishnan / Lars Grimm / Brian Garibaldi / Isabel Green

Health Professions Education, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 113-

2017 Volume 117

Abstract: Purpose: In recent years, several well-known medical schools in the United States have partnered with foreign institutions to promote the post-graduate model of medical education and the concept of the academic medical center. One such example is Perdana ...

Abstract	Purpose: In recent years, several well-known medical schools in the United States have partnered with foreign institutions to promote the post-graduate model of medical education and the concept of the academic medical center. One such example is Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine (PUGSOM) in Malaysia, founded in collaboration with the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 2010 with the hope of setting a new standard for biomedical research and patient-centered care in Southeast Asia. One issue for educators at PUGSOM was how best to integrate radiology into the clinical curriculum. Given radiology׳s global importance, a core clerkship was proposed; however, a major challenge lay in creating content that was rigorous and relevant to the Malaysian setting. Methods: After interviewing practicing Malaysian radiologists, attending medicine ward rounds, and performing a literature review of successful radiology curricula, two senior American medical students from Johns Hopkins developed a two-week introductory clerkship combining experiential learning with online, case-based lectures featuring diseases and technology pertinent to the Malaysian environment. Results/discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first example of a course developed by medical students in the United States for medical students in the developing world. The project serves as an example of the type of mutually beneficial international exchange intended by global partnerships in medical education.
Keywords	Education ; Global health ; Medical school ; International ; Technology ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	370
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Exploration of therapists’ views of practice within critical care

Gemma Jones / James Bruce / Judith Merriweather / Una Jones / Julie Highfield / Paul Twose / Mina Bharal / Penelope Firshman / Vicky Newey / Helen Newman / Claire Rock / Ella Terblanche MBE / Sarah Wallace OBE

BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 8, Iss

2021 Volume 1

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impact of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination on the subsequent incidence of COVID-19

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

a multicentre prospective cohort study among UK healthcare workers – the SIREN (Sarscov2 Immunity & REinfection EvaluatioN) study protocol

2022 Volume 6

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects on coronary heart disease of increasing polyunsaturated fat in place of saturated fat

Dariush Mozaffarian / Renata Micha / Sarah Wallace

PLoS Medicine, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e

a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

2010 Volume 1000252

Abstract: Background Reduced saturated fat (SFA) consumption is recommended to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD), but there is an absence of strong supporting evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of clinical CHD events and few guidelines focus on ... ...

Abstract	Background Reduced saturated fat (SFA) consumption is recommended to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD), but there is an absence of strong supporting evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of clinical CHD events and few guidelines focus on any specific replacement nutrient. Additionally, some public health groups recommend lowering or limiting polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) consumption, a major potential replacement for SFA. Methods and findings We systematically investigated and quantified the effects of increased PUFA consumption, as a replacement for SFA, on CHD endpoints in RCTs. RCTs were identified by systematic searches of multiple online databases through June 2009, grey literature sources, hand-searching related articles and citations, and direct contacts with experts to identify potentially unpublished trials. Studies were included if they randomized participants to increased PUFA for at least 1 year without major concomitant interventions, had an appropriate control group, and reported incidence of CHD (myocardial infarction and/or cardiac death). Inclusions/exclusions were adjudicated and data were extracted independently and in duplicate by two investigators and included population characteristics, control and intervention diets, follow-up duration, types of events, risk ratios, and SEs. Pooled effects were calculated using inverse-variance-weighted random effects meta-analysis. From 346 identified abstracts, eight trials met inclusion criteria, totaling 13,614 participants with 1,042 CHD events. Average weighted PUFA consumption was 14.9% energy (range 8.0%-20.7%) in intervention groups versus 5.0% energy (range 4.0%-6.4%) in controls. The overall pooled risk reduction was 19% (RR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.95, p = 0.008), corresponding to 10% reduced CHD risk (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83-0.97) for each 5% energy of increased PUFA, without evidence for statistical heterogeneity (Q-statistic p = 0.13; I(2) = 37%). Meta-regression identified study duration as an independent ...
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bridging the Gap: Identifying Global Trends in Gender Disparity Among the Radiology Physician Workforce.

Cater, Sarah Wallace / Yoon, Sora C / Lowell, Dorothy A / Campbell, James C / Sulioti, Gary / Qin, Rosie / Jiang, Brian / Grimm, Lars J

Academic radiology

2018 Volume 25, Issue 8, Page(s) 1052–1061

Abstract: Rationale and objectives: Women make up half of American medical school graduates, but remain underrepresented among radiologists. This study sought to determine whether workforce gender disparities exist in other countries, and to identify any country- ... ...

Abstract	Rationale and objectives: Women make up half of American medical school graduates, but remain underrepresented among radiologists. This study sought to determine whether workforce gender disparities exist in other countries, and to identify any country-specific indices associated with increased female representation. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 95 professional radiology organizations in 75 countries were contacted via email to provide membership statistics, including proportion of female members, female members aged 35 or under, and women in society leadership positions. Country-specific metrics collected included gross domestic product, Gini index, percent female medical school enrollment, and Gender Development Index for the purposes of univariate multiple regression analysis. Results: Twenty-nine organizations provided data on 184,888 radiologists, representing 26 countries from Europe (n = 12), North America (n = 2), Central/South America (n = 6), Oceania (n = 2), Asia (n = 3), and Africa (n = 1) for a response rate of 34.7% (26/75). Globally, 33.5% of radiologists are female. Women constitute a higher proportion of younger radiologists, with 48.5% of radiologists aged 35 or under being female. Female representation in radiology is lowest in the United States (27.2%), highest in Thailand (85.0%), and most variable in Europe (mean 40.1%, range 28.8%-68.9%). The proportion of female radiologists was positively associated with a country's Gender Development Index (P = .006), percent female medical student enrollment (P = .001), and Gini index (P = .002), and negatively associated with gross domestic product (P = .03). Conclusions: Women are underrepresented in radiology globally, most notably in the United States. Countries with greater representation of women had higher gender equality and percent female medical school enrollment, suggesting these factors may play a role in the gender gap.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; Internationality ; Leadership ; Male ; Physicians, Women/statistics & numerical data ; Physicians, Women/trends ; Radiologists/statistics & numerical data ; Radiology/organization & administration ; Radiology/trends ; Sex Factors ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data ; Workforce/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1355509-1
ISSN	1878-4046 ; 1076-6332
ISSN (online)	1878-4046
ISSN	1076-6332
DOI	10.1016/j.acra.2017.12.021
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