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  1. Article ; Online: Identifying appropriate prediction models for estimating hourly temperature over diverse agro-ecological regions of India.

    Bal, Santanu Kumar / Pramod, V P / Sandeep, V M / Manikandan, N / Sarath Chandran, M A / Subba Rao, A V M / Vijaya Kumar, P / Vanaja, M / Singh, V K

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 7789

    Abstract: The present study tests the accuracy of four models in estimating the hourly air temperatures in different agroecological regions of the country during two major crop seasons, kharif and rabi, by taking daily maximum and minimum temperatures as input. ... ...

    Abstract The present study tests the accuracy of four models in estimating the hourly air temperatures in different agroecological regions of the country during two major crop seasons, kharif and rabi, by taking daily maximum and minimum temperatures as input. These methods that are being used in different crop growth simulation models were selected from the literature. To adjust the biases of estimated hourly temperature, three bias correction methods (Linear regression, Linear scaling and Quantile mapping) were used. When compared with the observed data, the estimated hourly temperature, after bias correction, is reasonably close to the observed during both kharif and rabi seasons. The bias-corrected Soygro model exhibited its good performance at 14 locations, followed by the WAVE model and Temperature models at 8 and 6 locations, respectively during the kharif season. In the case of rabi season, the bias-corrected Temperature model appears to be accurate at more locations (21), followed by WAVE and Soygro models at 4 and 2 locations, respectively. The pooled data analysis showed the least error between estimated (uncorrected and bias-corrected) and observed hourly temperature from 04 to 08 h during kharif season while it was 03 to 08 h during the rabi season. The results of the present study indicated that Soygro and Temperature models estimated hourly temperature with better accuracy at a majority of the locations situated in the agroecological regions representing different climates and soil types. Though the WAVE model worked well at some of the locations, estimation by the PL model was not up to the mark in both kharif and rabi seasons. Hence, Soygro and Temperature models can be used to estimate hourly temperature data during both kharif and rabi seasons, after the bias correction by the Linear Regression method. We believe that the application of the study would facilitate the usage of hourly temperature data instead of daily data which in turn improves the precision in predicting phenological events and bud dormancy breaks, chilling hour requirement etc.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-34194-9
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  2. Article ; Online: Evaluating area-specific adaptation strategies for rainfed maize under future climates of India.

    Subba Rao, A V M / Sarath Chandran, M A / Bal, Santanu Kumar / Pramod, V P / Sandeep, V M / Manikandan, N / Raju, B M K / Prabhakar, M / Islam, Adlul / Naresh Kumar, S / Singh, V K

    The Science of the total environment

    2022  Volume 836, Page(s) 155511

    Abstract: This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in maize yield under projected climate and identified the potential adaptation measures to reduce the negative impact. Future climate data derived from 30 general circulation models were used to assess ... ...

    Abstract This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in maize yield under projected climate and identified the potential adaptation measures to reduce the negative impact. Future climate data derived from 30 general circulation models were used to assess the impact of future climate on yield in 16 major maize growing districts of India. DSSAT model was used to simulate maize yield and evaluate adaptation strategies during mid (2040-69) and end-centuries (2070-99) under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Genetic coefficients were calibrated and validated for each of the study locations. The projected climate indicated a substantial increase in mean seasonal maximum (0.9-6.0 °C) and minimum temperatures (1.1-6.1 °C) in the future (the range denotes the lowest and highest change during all the four future scenarios). Without adaptation strategies, climate change could reduce maize yield in the range of 16% (Tumkur) to 46% (Jalandhar) under RCP 4.5 and 21% (Tumkur) to 80% (Jalandhar) under RCP 8.5. Only at Dharwad, the yield could remain slightly higher or the same compared to the baseline period (1980-2009). Six adaptation strategies were evaluated (delayed sowing, increase in fertilizer dose, supplemental irrigation, and their combinations) in which a combination of those was found to be effective in majority of the districts. District-specific adaptation strategies were identified for each of the future scenarios. The findings of this study will enable in planning adaptation strategies to minimize the negative impact of projected climate in major maize growing districts of India.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptation, Physiological ; Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Crops, Agricultural ; Zea mays
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155511
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  3. Article: Evaluating area-specific adaptation strategies for rainfed maize under future climates of India

    Subba Rao, A.V.M. / Sarath Chandran, M.A. / Bal, Santanu Kumar / Pramod, V.P. / Sandeep, V.M. / Manikandan, N. / Raju, B.M.K. / Prabhakar, M. / Islam, Adlul / Naresh Kumar, S. / Singh, V.K.

    Science of the total environment. 2022 Aug. 25, v. 836

    2022  

    Abstract: This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in maize yield under projected climate and identified the potential adaptation measures to reduce the negative impact. Future climate data derived from 30 general circulation models were used to assess ... ...

    Abstract This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in maize yield under projected climate and identified the potential adaptation measures to reduce the negative impact. Future climate data derived from 30 general circulation models were used to assess the impact of future climate on yield in 16 major maize growing districts of India. DSSAT model was used to simulate maize yield and evaluate adaptation strategies during mid (2040-69) and end-centuries (2070-99) under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Genetic coefficients were calibrated and validated for each of the study locations. The projected climate indicated a substantial increase in mean seasonal maximum (0.9–6.0 °C) and minimum temperatures (1.1–6.1 °C) in the future (the range denotes the lowest and highest change during all the four future scenarios). Without adaptation strategies, climate change could reduce maize yield in the range of 16% (Tumkur) to 46% (Jalandhar) under RCP 4.5 and 21% (Tumkur) to 80% (Jalandhar) under RCP 8.5. Only at Dharwad, the yield could remain slightly higher or the same compared to the baseline period (1980–2009). Six adaptation strategies were evaluated (delayed sowing, increase in fertilizer dose, supplemental irrigation, and their combinations) in which a combination of those was found to be effective in majority of the districts. District-specific adaptation strategies were identified for each of the future scenarios. The findings of this study will enable in planning adaptation strategies to minimize the negative impact of projected climate in major maize growing districts of India.
    Keywords climate ; climate change ; corn ; environment ; fertilizer rates ; irrigation ; meteorological data ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0825
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 121506-1
    ISSN 1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
    ISSN (online) 1879-1026
    ISSN 0048-9697
    DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155511
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  4. Article: Generation of common coefficients to estimate global solar radiation over different locations of India

    Samanta, Suman / Patra, Pulak Kumar / Banerjee, Saon / Narsimhaiah, Lakshmi / Sarath Chandran, M. A / Vijaya Kumar, P / Bandyopadhyay, Sanjib

    Theoretical and applied climatology. 2019 May, v. 136, no. 3-4

    2019  

    Abstract: In developing countries like India, global solar radiation (GSR) is measured at very few locations due to non-availability of radiation measuring instruments. To overcome the inadequacy of GSR measurements, scientists developed many empirical models to ... ...

    Abstract In developing countries like India, global solar radiation (GSR) is measured at very few locations due to non-availability of radiation measuring instruments. To overcome the inadequacy of GSR measurements, scientists developed many empirical models to estimate location-wise GSR. In the present study, three simple forms of Angstrom equation [Angstrom-Prescott (A-P), Ogelman, and Bahel] were used to estimate GSR at six geographically and climatologically different locations across India with an objective to find out a set of common constants usable for whole country. Results showed that GSR values varied from 9.86 to 24.85 MJ m−2 day−1 for different stations. It was also observed that A-P model showed smaller errors than Ogelman and Bahel models. All the models well estimated GSR, as the 1:1 line between measured and estimated values showed Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values ≥ 0.81 for all locations. Measured data of GSR pooled over six selected locations was analyzed to obtain a new set of constants for A-P equation which can be applicable throughout the country. The set of constants (a = 0.29 and b = 0.40) was named as “One India One Constant (OIOC),” and the model was named as “MOIOC.” Furthermore, the developed constants are validated statistically for another six locations of India and produce close estimation. High R2 values (≥ 76%) along with low mean bias error (MBE) ranging from − 0.64 to 0.05 MJ m−2 day−1 revealed that the new constants are able to predict GSR with lesser percentage of error.
    Keywords developing countries ; empirical models ; equations ; measuring devices ; solar radiation ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-05
    Size p. 943-953.
    Publishing place Springer Vienna
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1463177-5
    ISSN 1434-4483 ; 0177-798X
    ISSN (online) 1434-4483
    ISSN 0177-798X
    DOI 10.1007/s00704-018-2531-4
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  5. Article ; Online: Probabilistic assessment of phenophase-wise agricultural drought risk under different sowing windows: a case study with rainfed soybean

    Dhakar, Rajkumar / Sarath Chandran, M. A. / Nagar, Shivani / Visha Kumari, V.

    Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Dec., v. 189, no. 12 p.645-645

    2017  

    Abstract: A new methodology for crop-growth stage-specific assessment of agricultural drought risk under a variable sowing window is proposed for the soybean crop. It encompasses three drought indices, which include Crop-Specific Drought Index (CSDI), Vegetation ... ...

    Abstract A new methodology for crop-growth stage-specific assessment of agricultural drought risk under a variable sowing window is proposed for the soybean crop. It encompasses three drought indices, which include Crop-Specific Drought Index (CSDI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The unique features of crop-growth stage-specific nature and spatial and multi-scalar coverage provide a comprehensive assessment of agricultural drought risk. This study was conducted in 10 major soybean-growing districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. These areas contribute about 60% of the total soybean production for the country. The phenophase most vulnerable to agricultural drought was identified (germination and flowering in our case) for each district across four sowing windows. The agricultural drought risk was quantified at various severity levels (moderate, severe, and very severe) for each growth stage and sowing window. Validation of the proposed new methodology also yielded results with a high correlation coefficient between percent probability of agricultural drought risk and yield risk (r = 0.92). Assessment by proximity matrix yielded a similar statistic. Expectations for the proposed methodology are better mitigation-oriented management and improved crop contingency plans for planners and decision makers.
    Keywords case studies ; developmental stages ; drought ; evapotranspiration ; germination ; probability analysis ; risk ; soybeans ; vegetation ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-12
    Size p. 645.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note 2019-12-06
    ZDB-ID 782621-7
    ISSN 1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
    ISSN (online) 1573-2959
    ISSN 0167-6369
    DOI 10.1007/s10661-017-6371-y
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  6. Article ; Online: Probabilistic assessment of phenophase-wise agricultural drought risk under different sowing windows: a case study with rainfed soybean.

    Dhakar, Rajkumar / Sarath Chandran, M A / Nagar, Shivani / Visha Kumari, V

    Environmental monitoring and assessment

    2017  Volume 189, Issue 12, Page(s) 645

    Abstract: A new methodology for crop-growth stage-specific assessment of agricultural drought risk under a variable sowing window is proposed for the soybean crop. It encompasses three drought indices, which include Crop-Specific Drought Index (CSDI), Vegetation ... ...

    Abstract A new methodology for crop-growth stage-specific assessment of agricultural drought risk under a variable sowing window is proposed for the soybean crop. It encompasses three drought indices, which include Crop-Specific Drought Index (CSDI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The unique features of crop-growth stage-specific nature and spatial and multi-scalar coverage provide a comprehensive assessment of agricultural drought risk. This study was conducted in 10 major soybean-growing districts of Madhya Pradesh state of India. These areas contribute about 60% of the total soybean production for the country. The phenophase most vulnerable to agricultural drought was identified (germination and flowering in our case) for each district across four sowing windows. The agricultural drought risk was quantified at various severity levels (moderate, severe, and very severe) for each growth stage and sowing window. Validation of the proposed new methodology also yielded results with a high correlation coefficient between percent probability of agricultural drought risk and yield risk (r = 0.92). Assessment by proximity matrix yielded a similar statistic. Expectations for the proposed methodology are better mitigation-oriented management and improved crop contingency plans for planners and decision makers.
    MeSH term(s) Agriculture/statistics & numerical data ; Crops, Agricultural ; Droughts/statistics & numerical data ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; India ; Risk ; Glycine max
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-11-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 782621-7
    ISSN 1573-2959 ; 0167-6369
    ISSN (online) 1573-2959
    ISSN 0167-6369
    DOI 10.1007/s10661-017-6371-y
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  7. Article: Organic farming in India: Status, opportunities and constraints

    Kumari, V. Visha / Hobbs, Peter / Sarath, Chandran M.A

    Journal of progressive agriculture. 2016 Oct., v. 7, no. 2

    2016  

    Abstract: Sustainable agriculture is necessary to attain the goal of sustainable development. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), sustainable agriculture "is the successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy changing human ... ...

    Abstract Sustainable agriculture is necessary to attain the goal of sustainable development. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), sustainable agriculture "is the successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and conserving natural resources". A great challenge facing India in the coming years is to provide safe and adequate food for the population not only for today but also for the future. Organic farming is considered as a holistic approach for health of human beings, live stock and agro ecosystem. Organic food is one of the ways to produce healthy food for human health but it is not so easy for the performance-oriented farm sector to revive this conventional practice since it has the challenge of producing food for the huge population. Organic farming has its own constraints like lack of agricultural policy, infrastructure, marketing, low yield, availability of organic source of manures and fertilizers and many other social and economical factors. This paper will cover the scope, progress and constraints of organic farming in India.
    Keywords agricultural policy ; agroecosystems ; animal manures ; farms ; fertilizers ; healthy diet ; human health ; infrastructure ; marketing ; natural resources ; organic foods ; organic production ; sustainable agriculture ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-10
    Size p. 15-21.
    Publishing place Social Welfare and Integrated Development Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2278-0556
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  8. Article: Algorithms for weather‐based management decisions in major rainfed crops of India: Validation using data from multi‐location field experiments

    Vijaya Kumar, P. / Bal, Santanu Kumar / Dhakar, Rajkumar / Sarath Chandran, M. A. / Subba Rao, A. V. M. / Sandeep, V. M. / Pramod, V. P. / Malleswari, S. N. / Sudhakar, G. / Solanki, N. S. / Shivaramu, H. S. / Lunagaria, M. M. / Dakhore, K. K. / Londhe, V. M. / Singh, Mahender / Kumari, Pragyan / Subbulakshmi, S. / Manjunatha, M. H. / Chaudhari, N. J.

    Agronomy journal. 2021 Mar., v. 113, no. 2

    2021  

    Abstract: Crop weather calendars (CWC) serve as tools for taking crop management decisions. However, CWCs are not dynamic, as they were prepared by assuming normal sowing dates and fixed occurrence as well as duration of phenological stages of rainfed crops. ... ...

    Abstract Crop weather calendars (CWC) serve as tools for taking crop management decisions. However, CWCs are not dynamic, as they were prepared by assuming normal sowing dates and fixed occurrence as well as duration of phenological stages of rainfed crops. Sowing dates fluctuate due to variability in monsoon onset and phenology varies according to crop duration and stresses encountered. Realizing the disadvantages of CWC for issuing accurate agromet advisories, a protocol of dynamic crop weather calendar (DCWC) was developed by All India Coordinated Research Project on Agrometeorology (AICRPAM). The DCWC intends to automatize agromet advisories using prevailing and forecasted weather. Different modules of DCWC, namely, Sowing & irrigation schedules, crop contingency plans, phenophase‐wise crop advisory, and advisory for harvest were prepared using long‐term data of ten crops at nine centers of AICRPAM in eight states in India. Modules for predicting sowing dates and phenology were validated for principal crops and varieties at selected locations. The predicted sowing dates of 10 crops pooled over nine centers showed close relationships with observed values (r² of .93). Predicted phenology showed better agreement with observed in all crops except cotton (Gossypium L.; at Parbhani) and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] (at Bangalore). Predicted crop phenology using forecasted and realized weather by DCWC are close to each other, but number of irrigations differed, and it failed for accurate prediction in groundnut at Anantapur in drought year (2014). The DCWCs require further validation for making it operational to issue agromet advisories in all 732 districts of India.
    Keywords Cajanus cajan ; Gossypium ; agrometeorology ; agronomy ; cotton ; crop management ; drought ; monsoon season ; peanuts ; phenology ; pigeon peas ; prediction ; protocols ; research projects ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-03
    Size p. 1816-1830.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 410332-4
    ISSN 1435-0645 ; 0002-1962
    ISSN (online) 1435-0645
    ISSN 0002-1962
    DOI 10.1002/agj2.20518
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  9. Article ; Online: Indian summer heat wave of 2015: a biometeorological analysis using half hourly automatic weather station data with special reference to Andhra Pradesh.

    Sarath Chandran, M A / Subba Rao, A V M / Sandeep, V M / Pramod, V P / Pani, P / Rao, V U M / Visha Kumari, V / Srinivasa Rao, Ch

    International journal of biometeorology

    2017  Volume 61, Issue 6, Page(s) 1063–1072

    Abstract: Heat wave is a hazardous weather-related extreme event that affects living beings. The 2015 summer heat wave affected many regions in India and caused the death of 2248 people across the country. An attempt has been made to quantify the intensity and ... ...

    Abstract Heat wave is a hazardous weather-related extreme event that affects living beings. The 2015 summer heat wave affected many regions in India and caused the death of 2248 people across the country. An attempt has been made to quantify the intensity and duration of heat wave that resulted in high mortality across the country. Half hourly Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), based on a complete heat budget of human body, was estimated using automatic weather station (AWS) data of four locations in Andhra Pradesh state, where the maximum number of deaths was reported. The heat wave characterization using PET revealed that extreme heat load conditions (PET >41) existed in all the four locations throughout May during 2012-2015, with varying intensity. The intensity and duration of heat waves characterized by "area under the curve" method showed good results for Srikakulam and Undi locations. Variations in PET during each half an hour were estimated. Such studies will help in fixing thresholds for defining heat waves, designing early warning systems, etc.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 280324-0
    ISSN 1432-1254 ; 0020-7128
    ISSN (online) 1432-1254
    ISSN 0020-7128
    DOI 10.1007/s00484-016-1286-9
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  10. Article: Indian summer heat wave of 2015: a biometeorological analysis using half hourly automatic weather station data with special reference to Andhra Pradesh

    Sarath Chandran, M. A / A. V. M. Subba Rao / V. M. Sandeep / V. P. Pramod / P. Pani / V. U. M. Rao / V. Visha Kumari / Ch Srinivasa Rao

    International journal of biometeorology. 2017 June, v. 61, no. 6

    2017  

    Abstract: Heat wave is a hazardous weather-related extreme event that affects living beings. The 2015 summer heat wave affected many regions in India and caused the death of 2248 people across the country. An attempt has been made to quantify the intensity and ... ...

    Abstract Heat wave is a hazardous weather-related extreme event that affects living beings. The 2015 summer heat wave affected many regions in India and caused the death of 2248 people across the country. An attempt has been made to quantify the intensity and duration of heat wave that resulted in high mortality across the country. Half hourly Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), based on a complete heat budget of human body, was estimated using automatic weather station (AWS) data of four locations in Andhra Pradesh state, where the maximum number of deaths was reported. The heat wave characterization using PET revealed that extreme heat load conditions (PET >41) existed in all the four locations throughout May during 2012–2015, with varying intensity. The intensity and duration of heat waves characterized by “area under the curve” method showed good results for Srikakulam and Undi locations. Variations in PET during each half an hour were estimated. Such studies will help in fixing thresholds for defining heat waves, designing early warning systems, etc.
    Keywords bioclimatology ; death ; early warning systems ; heat ; humans ; mortality ; people ; summer ; temperature ; India
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-06
    Size p. 1063-1072.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 127361-9
    ISSN 0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
    ISSN 0067-8902 ; 0020-7128
    DOI 10.1007/s00484-016-1286-9
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