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Article ; Online: Molecular and Neural Bases of Nutrition-Based Feeding Decision-Making.

Sasaki, Tsutomu

Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology

2022 Volume 68, Issue Supplement, Page(s) S20–S22

Abstract: Obesity and life style-related diseases have become major burdens to global health. Not having effective diet therapy that patients can adhere to makes life-style modification difficult. Many diet therapies are developed based on solid scientific ... ...

Abstract	Obesity and life style-related diseases have become major burdens to global health. Not having effective diet therapy that patients can adhere to makes life-style modification difficult. Many diet therapies are developed based on solid scientific evidence in terms of nutrition. However, how to execute such nutritionally-effective diet therapy is not established, nor based on solid science. Current practices are mostly developed by trial-and-error (experience-based), and they do not have solid bases on how eating behavior is regulated. Therefore, one of the major bottlenecks for implementing nutritionally-effective diet therapy is our lack of understanding of the molecular and neural bases of eating behavior. Based on the concept of nutrition, we eat to maintain homeostasis, and therefore, we should be satisfied once the needs are met by the supplies. However, that is only a part of the picture regarding eating. Palatable foods, which stimulate the hedonic system, and the experience-based prediction system work in concert to regulate eating. The information that conveys needs and supplies is multi-modal, each mode working at different timing to modulate each system. Therefore, eating behavior is complex, and the whole picture remains elusive. In particular, how we sense, calculate, and predict the needs and supplies of calories and each macronutrient remains to be understood. In this minireview, the frontiers in our understanding of the mechanism that regulates eating are briefly overviewed, as a summary of the IUNS-ICN symposium entitled "Molecular and neural bases of nutrition-based feeding decision-making."
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Nutritional Status ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Global Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-23
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	191366-9
ISSN	1881-7742 ; 0301-4800
ISSN (online)	1881-7742
ISSN	0301-4800
DOI	10.3177/jnsv.68.S20
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Article ; Online: Neural and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Controlling the Quality of Feeding Behavior: Diet Selection and Feeding Patterns.

Sasaki, Tsutomu

Nutrients

2017 Volume 9, Issue 10

Abstract: We are what we eat. There are three aspects of feeding: what, when, and how much. These aspects represent the quantity (how much) and quality (what and when) of feeding. The quantitative aspect of feeding has been studied extensively, because weight is ... ...

Abstract	We are what we eat. There are three aspects of feeding: what, when, and how much. These aspects represent the quantity (how much) and quality (what and when) of feeding. The quantitative aspect of feeding has been studied extensively, because weight is primarily determined by the balance between caloric intake and expenditure. In contrast, less is known about the mechanisms that regulate the qualitative aspects of feeding, although they also significantly impact the control of weight and health. However, two aspects of feeding quality relevant to weight loss and weight regain are discussed in this review: macronutrient-based diet selection (what) and feeding pattern (when). This review covers the importance of these two factors in controlling weight and health, and the central mechanisms that regulate them. The relatively limited and fragmented knowledge on these topics indicates that we lack an integrated understanding of the qualitative aspects of feeding behavior. To promote better understanding of weight control, research efforts must focus more on the mechanisms that control the quality and quantity of feeding behavior. This understanding will contribute to improving dietary interventions for achieving weight control and for preventing weight regain following weight loss.
MeSH term(s)	Central Nervous System/physiology ; Choice Behavior ; Circadian Rhythm ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Weight Loss
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu9101151
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Article ; Online: Association between the controlling nutritional status score and outcomes in ischemic stroke patients with active cancer.

Sakurai, Rei / Gon, Yasufumi / Shimada, Yuki / Okazaki, Shuhei / Todo, Kenichi / Sasaki, Tsutomu / Mochizuki, Hideki

Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

2024 Volume 120, Page(s) 170–174

Abstract: Background: The effect of nutritional status on survival in ischemic stroke patients with active cancer remains unclear.: Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated ischemic stroke patients with active cancer admitted to a university hospital in ... ...

Abstract	Background: The effect of nutritional status on survival in ischemic stroke patients with active cancer remains unclear. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated ischemic stroke patients with active cancer admitted to a university hospital in Japan between 2006 and 2016. Patients were followed for 2 years after stroke. The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score was used to classify undernutrition degree into 4 groups: normal, light, moderate, and severe. Survival rates were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were calculated using Cox regression models. Results: A total of 158 patients (31 % women; median age: 71 years) were analyzed. Of these, 47 % had distant metastasis. The median (interquartile range) National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and CONUT scores were 4 (1-10) and 5 (3-7), respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients with poorer nutritional status had worse outcomes (overall log-rank test, p < 0.001). The univariable Cox regression analysis showed that the HR (95 % CI) for the light, moderate, and severe groups were 1.14 (0.45-2.86), 3.01 (1.27-7.12), and 2.94 (1.10-7.84), respectively. This statistical significance did not persist after adjustment for potential confounders (HR [95 % CI] for the light, moderate, and severe groups were 0.95 [0.36-2.49], 1.56 [0.57-4.28], and 1.34 [0.37-4.92], respectively). Past stroke, distant metastasis, and plasma D-dimer levels on admission were independent predictors of prognosis. Conclusions: This single-center, retrospective study suggests that nutritional status serves as a prognostic indicator for ischemic stroke patients with active cancer. However, the effect is not statistically independent.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Retrospective Studies ; Ischemic Stroke ; Malnutrition ; Prognosis ; Neoplasms ; Stroke
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-20
Publishing country	Scotland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1193674-5
ISSN	1532-2653 ; 0967-5868
ISSN (online)	1532-2653
ISSN	0967-5868
DOI	10.1016/j.jocn.2024.01.011
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Article ; Online: Binding Interaction Between Lauric Acid and Cluster of Differentiation 36 Underpinned by a Fluorescence- Intensifying Assay.

Tsuzuki, Satoshi / Sugawara, Tatsuya / Manabe, Yuki / Yamasaki, Masayuki / Sasaki, Tsutomu

Journal of oleo science

2023 Volume 73, Issue 1, Page(s) 113–119

Abstract: Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a scavenger receptor expressed in various vertebrate cells that contains diverse ligands, including long-chain fatty acids. This receptor has recently been suggested as a captor of specific volatile odorants (e.g., ...

Abstract	Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a scavenger receptor expressed in various vertebrate cells that contains diverse ligands, including long-chain fatty acids. This receptor has recently been suggested as a captor of specific volatile odorants (e.g., aliphatic acetates) in the mammalian nasal epithelium. This study used a fluorescence-intensifying assay to produce the first evidence that lauric acid, an odorous fatty acid, directly binds to CD36. This expansion of the repertoire of volatile ligands supports potential applications for nasal CD36. Our present findings could promote future research aimed at understanding the mechanisms of fatty acid interactions with CD36.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; CD36 Antigens/metabolism ; Fluorescence ; Fatty Acids ; Odorants ; Lauric Acids ; Mammals/metabolism
Chemical Substances	CD36 Antigens ; Fatty Acids ; Lauric Acids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-14
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2218264-0
ISSN	1347-3352 ; 1345-8957
ISSN (online)	1347-3352
ISSN	1345-8957
DOI	10.5650/jos.ess23156
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Article: Age-Associated Weight Gain, Leptin, and SIRT1: A Possible Role for Hypothalamic SIRT1 in the Prevention of Weight Gain and Aging through Modulation of Leptin Sensitivity.

Sasaki, Tsutomu

Frontiers in endocrinology

2015 Volume 6, Page(s) 109

Abstract: The hypothalamus is the principal regulator of body weight and energy balance. It modulates both energy intake and energy expenditure by sensing the energy status of the body through neural inputs from the periphery as well as direct humoral inputs. ... ...

Abstract	The hypothalamus is the principal regulator of body weight and energy balance. It modulates both energy intake and energy expenditure by sensing the energy status of the body through neural inputs from the periphery as well as direct humoral inputs. Leptin, an adipokine, is one of the humoral factors responsible for alerting the hypothalamus that enough energy is stored in the periphery. Plasma leptin levels are positively linked to adiposity; leptin suppress energy intake and stimulates energy expenditure. However, prolonged increases in plasma leptin levels due to obesity cause leptin resistance, affecting both leptin access to hypothalamic neurons and leptin signal transduction within hypothalamic neurons. Decreased sensing of peripheral energy status through leptin may lead to a positive energy balance and gradual gains in weight and adiposity, further worsening leptin resistance. Leptin resistance, increased adiposity, and weight gain are all associated with aging in both humans and animals. Central insulin resistance is associated with similar observations. Therefore, improving the action of humoral factors in the hypothalamus may prevent gradual weight gain, especially during middle age. SIRT1 is a NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase with numerous substrates, including histones, transcription factors, co-factors, and various enzymes. SIRT1 improves both leptin sensitivity and insulin sensitivity by decreasing the levels of several molecules that impair leptin and insulin signal transduction. SIRT1 and NAD(+) levels decrease with age in the hypothalamus; increased hypothalamic SIRT1 levels prevent age-associated weight gain and improve leptin sensitivity in mice. Therefore, preventing the age-dependent loss of SIRT1 function in the hypothalamus could improve the action of humoral factors in the hypothalamus as well as central regulation of energy balance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2015.00109
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Article: [Differences between Graduate School Systems between Japan and the United States].

Sasaki, Tsutomu

Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonica

2015 Volume 117, Issue 9, Page(s) 737–742

Abstract: The differences in graduate school systems and their curriculum between Japan and the United State stem from their objectives, which are adjusted toward needs in each society. To encourage Japanese MDs to enter graduate school, two approaches are needed: ...

Abstract	The differences in graduate school systems and their curriculum between Japan and the United State stem from their objectives, which are adjusted toward needs in each society. To encourage Japanese MDs to enter graduate school, two approaches are needed: improving the quality of graduate education, and foster interest in research and career in academia while students are in medical school.
MeSH term(s)	Education, Graduate/economics ; Japan ; Motivation ; United States
Language	Japanese
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	Japan
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604306-9
ISSN	0033-2658
ISSN	0033-2658
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Article: Neural and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Controlling the Quality of Feeding Behavior: Diet Selection and Feeding Patterns

Sasaki, Tsutomu

Nutrients. 2017 Oct. 20, v. 9, no. 10

2017

Abstract	We are what we eat. There are three aspects of feeding: what, when, and how much. These aspects represent the quantity (how much) and quality (what and when) of feeding. The quantitative aspect of feeding has been studied extensively, because weight is primarily determined by the balance between caloric intake and expenditure. In contrast, less is known about the mechanisms that regulate the qualitative aspects of feeding, although they also significantly impact the control of weight and health. However, two aspects of feeding quality relevant to weight loss and weight regain are discussed in this review: macronutrient-based diet selection (what) and feeding pattern (when). This review covers the importance of these two factors in controlling weight and health, and the central mechanisms that regulate them. The relatively limited and fragmented knowledge on these topics indicates that we lack an integrated understanding of the qualitative aspects of feeding behavior. To promote better understanding of weight control, research efforts must focus more on the mechanisms that control the quality and quantity of feeding behavior. This understanding will contribute to improving dietary interventions for achieving weight control and for preventing weight regain following weight loss.
Keywords	diet ; energy intake ; feeding patterns ; nutritional intervention ; weight control ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-1020
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu9101151
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Article ; Online: Importance of microRNAs by mRNA-microRNA integration analysis in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Kanki, Hideaki / Matsumoto, Hisatake / Togami, Yuki / Okuzaki, Daisuke / Ogura, Hiroshi / Sasaki, Tsutomu / Mochizuki, Hideki

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association

2023 Volume 32, Issue 9, Page(s) 107277

Abstract: Objects: The roles of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) are well known in many diseases, including ischemic stroke; thus, integration analysis using mRNA and miRNA is important to elucidate pathogenesis. However, their contribution, especially that of miRNA- ... ...

Abstract	Objects: The roles of mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) are well known in many diseases, including ischemic stroke; thus, integration analysis using mRNA and miRNA is important to elucidate pathogenesis. However, their contribution, especially that of miRNA-targeted mRNA, to the severity of acute ischemic stroke remains unclear. Therefore, we examined mRNA and miRNA integration analysis targeted for acute ischemic stroke to clarify the pathway related to acute stroke severity. Material and methods: We performed Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) using RNA extracted from the whole blood of four healthy controls, six minor acute ischemic stroke patients (MS; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] < 8), and six severe acute ischemic stroke patients (SS; NIHSS ≥ 8) on admission. mRNA and miRNA were measured using RNA sequencing and RNA expression variation; canonical pathway analysis (CPA) and upstream regulator analyses were performed. Results: Acute ischemic stroke patients demonstrated different RNA expressions to healthy controls. Compared to MS patients, in the SS patients, 1222 mRNA, 96 miRNA, and 935 miRNA-targeted mRNA expressions were identified among differentially expressed RNA expressions (p<0.05, \|log2 fold change\| >1.1). CPA by IPA using mRNAs or miRNA-targeted mRNAs showed that macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP)-recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) signaling was mostly activated in SS patients compared to in MS patients. In addition, upstream regulator analysis in IPA showed that most mRNAs located upstream are miRNAs. Conclusions: In severe acute stroke, integration of mRNA and microRNA analysis showed activated MSP-RON signaling in macrophages, and multiple miRNAs comprehensively controlled the overall pathophysiology of stroke.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1131675-5
ISSN	1532-8511 ; 1052-3057
ISSN (online)	1532-8511
ISSN	1052-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107277
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Article ; Online: Medium-Chain Triglycerides-Specific Appetite is Regulated by the β-oxidation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids in the Liver.

Maruyama, Tsugunori / Matsui, Sho / Kobayashi, Ryosuke / Horii, Takuro / Oguri, Yasuo / Tsuzuki, Satoshi / Horie, Takahiro / Ono, Koh / Hatada, Izuho / Sasaki, Tsutomu

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism

2024

Abstract: Most studies on fat appetite have focused on long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) due to their obesogenic properties. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), conversely, exhibit anti-obesogenic effects; however, the regulation of MCTs intake remains elusive. Here, ...

Abstract	Most studies on fat appetite have focused on long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) due to their obesogenic properties. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), conversely, exhibit anti-obesogenic effects; however, the regulation of MCTs intake remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that mice can distinguish between MCTs and LCTs, and the specific appetite for MCTs is governed by hepatic β-oxidation. We generated liver-specific medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)-deficient (MCAD
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603841-4
ISSN	1522-1555 ; 0193-1849
ISSN (online)	1522-1555
ISSN	0193-1849
DOI	10.1152/ajpendo.00031.2024
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Article ; Online: Role of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Neutrophils in Ischemic Stroke.

Yan, Haomin / Kawano, Tomohiro / Kanki, Hideaki / Nishiyama, Kumiko / Shimamura, Munehisa / Mochizuki, Hideki / Sasaki, Tsutomu

Journal of the American Heart Association

2023 Volume 12, Issue 6, Page(s) e028125

Abstract: Background Immune cells play a vital role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Neutrophils and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells share a similar phenotype and have attracted increasing attention in immune regulation research, yet their ... ...

Abstract	Background Immune cells play a vital role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Neutrophils and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells share a similar phenotype and have attracted increasing attention in immune regulation research, yet their dynamics in ischemic stroke remain elusive. Methods and Results Mice were randomly divided into 2 groups and intraperitoneally treated with anti-Ly6G (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G) monoclonal antibody or saline. Distal middle cerebral artery occlusion and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion were applied to induce experimental stroke, and mice mortality was recorded until 28 days after stroke. Green fluorescent nissl staining was used to measure infarct volume. Cylinder and foot fault tests were used to evaluate neurological deficits. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to confirm Ly6G neutralization and detect activated neutrophils and CD11b
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/pathology ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Ischemic Stroke/metabolism ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism ; Stroke/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2653953-6
ISSN	2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
ISSN (online)	2047-9980
ISSN	2047-9980
DOI	10.1161/JAHA.122.028125
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