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  1. Article: Shifts of Leaf Litter-Induced Plant-Soil Feedback from Negative to Positive Driven by Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis between

    Zotti, Maurizio / Bonanomi, Giuliano / Saulino, Luigi / Allevato, Emilia / Saracino, Antonio / Mazzoleni, Stefano / Idbella, Mohamed

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 6

    Abstract: Ectomycorrhizas (ECM) are a common symbiotic association between fungi and various plant species in forest ecosystems, affecting community assemblages at the landscape level. ECMs benefit host plants by increasing the surface area for nutrient uptake, ... ...

    Abstract Ectomycorrhizas (ECM) are a common symbiotic association between fungi and various plant species in forest ecosystems, affecting community assemblages at the landscape level. ECMs benefit host plants by increasing the surface area for nutrient uptake, defending against pathogens, and decomposing organic matter in the soil. ECM-symbiotic seedlings are also known to perform better in conspecific soils than other species unable to carry the symbiosis, in a process referred to as plant-soil feedback (PSF). In this study, we tested the effects of different leaf litter amendments on ECM and non-ECM seedlings of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11061394
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Landscape Planning Integrated Approaches to Support Post-Wildfire Restoration in Natural Protected Areas: The Vesuvius National Park Case Study

    Cervelli, Elena / Pindozzi, Stefania / Allevato, Emilia / Saulino, Luigi / Silvestro, Roberto / Scotto di Perta, Ester / Saracino, Antonio

    Land. 2022 July 06, v. 11, no. 7

    2022  

    Abstract: In recent decades in the Mediterranean basin there has been a considerable increase in both the number of wildfires and the extent of fire-damaged areas, resulting in ecological and socio-economic impacts. Protected areas are particularly vulnerable and ... ...

    Abstract In recent decades in the Mediterranean basin there has been a considerable increase in both the number of wildfires and the extent of fire-damaged areas, resulting in ecological and socio-economic impacts. Protected areas are particularly vulnerable and many characteristics underpinning their legal protection are threatened. Several studies have been devoted to mitigating wildfire risks inside the protected areas, however often only in regard to natural heritage losses. Based on the adaptive wildfire resilience approaches, this work proposes a framework of actions that integrates natural, social and economic components. Starting from the Vesuvius National Park case study, affected by wildfires in 2017, the paper proposes a framework of action, envisaging two main phases: (i) the identification of priority intervention areas, by means of spatial multicriteria decision analysis, and (ii) damage assessment by using a monetary approach to value ecosystem services (ESs). The results identified priority areas where to concentrate economic and material resources, and estimated ecosystems damage, demonstrated ESs losses in areas adjacent to the burnt ones. This work, by integrating the relation between environmental sciences and policy, underpins a medium-long term development planning process. The aim of this work is to support landscape management and planning that includes socio-economic components such as sustainable development measures.
    Keywords case studies ; ecosystems ; issues and policy ; land ; landscape management ; landscapes ; multi-criteria decision making ; national parks ; sustainable development ; wildfires ; Mediterranean region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0706
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2682955-1
    ISSN 2073-445X
    ISSN 2073-445X
    DOI 10.3390/land11071024
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Lengthening single-stem rotation improves biomass yield and water use efficiency in black poplar genotype multi-stem rotation coppice plantations

    Saulino, Luigi / Allevato, Emilia / Rossi, Sergio / Minotta, Gianfranco / Fiorentino, Nunzio / Saracino, Antonio

    Biomass and bioenergy. 2021 Nov., v. 154

    2021  

    Abstract: Poplar short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations have great potential for supplying environmentally friendly bio-based industries. However, little research has focussed on the linkages between SRC management regimes and the consumption of water for ... ...

    Abstract Poplar short rotation coppice (SRC) plantations have great potential for supplying environmentally friendly bio-based industries. However, little research has focussed on the linkages between SRC management regimes and the consumption of water for biomass production in the Mediterranean environment. Therefore, we compared six hybrid clones and four native black poplar genotypes with an aim to examine how two different lengthening periods (3 vs. 5 years) of single-stem rotation affected growth performance in the following three years of multi-stem rotation coppice. To achieve this goal, we assessed the aboveground dry biomass production and variation in water use efficiency (WUE) of the genotypes annually. A longer single-stem rotation increased biomass productivity and WUE in the multi-stem rotation of the native black poplar, rather than that of the hybrid genotypes. In contrast, biomass and WUE performances did not diverge between the native and hybrid genotypes under the shorter single-stem phase. These findings underline the importance of lengthening the rotation of single-stem SRC plantations in hot and dry Mediterranean climates. Native black poplar genotypes managed in SRC should be strongly considered as environmentally compatible genetic resources both in protected areas and in areas where water supply constrains biomass production.
    Keywords Mediterranean climate ; Populus nigra ; bioenergy ; biomass production ; coppicing ; genotype ; growth performance ; hybrids ; water supply ; water use efficiency
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1090121-8
    ISSN 0961-9534
    ISSN 0961-9534
    DOI 10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106256
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: The Footprint of Wildfires on Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem Services in Vesuvius National Park

    Silvestro, Roberto / Saulino, Luigi / Cavallo, Carla / Allevato, Emilia / Pindozzi, Stefania / Cervelli, Elena / Conti, Paola / Mazzoleni, Stefano / Saracino, Antonio

    Fire. 2021 Dec. 14, v. 4, no. 4

    2021  

    Abstract: Wildfires are one of the most important natural disturbances in vegetation biomes. In recent decades, both the number and severity of fires have significantly increased in Mediterranean forests, frequently resulting in catastrophic events. In this ... ...

    Abstract Wildfires are one of the most important natural disturbances in vegetation biomes. In recent decades, both the number and severity of fires have significantly increased in Mediterranean forests, frequently resulting in catastrophic events. In this scenario, we aimed to explore the flow of ecosystem services and their related economic value that was disrupted by human-induced megafires in the Mediterranean forest of Vesuvius National Park in the summer of 2017. We adopted an innovative approach by merging two methodologies: an ecological approach to evaluate the status of the forest ecosystem after the wildfires and an economics methodology to estimate the monetary value of the interruption to ecosystem services. Losses related to the following six services were estimated: woody biomass, soil erosion control, habitat maintenance, pollination, carbon stock, and ecotourism. In 2017, 3350 ha of forest (88% of the total forested area of Vesuvius National Park) burnt over a period of 49 days. The total estimated monetary loss amounted to €14.363 M, 56.9% of which comprised of provisioning ecosystem services, while 34.7% encompassed maintenance and regulation services, and 8.5% were so-called cultural services. Suppression costs accounted for 16% of the total estimated economic loss of ecosystem services. Our results provide useful insights for decision-makers when allocating financial resources, suggesting that they should invest in fire prevention rather than fire suppression and post-fire restoration. This explicit valuation of the footprint of the wildfires, although not exhaustive, can also lead to greater awareness among the public regarding the benefits conferred by Mediterranean forest ecosystems. This is the first study to economically evaluate the interruption of ecosystem services after megafires in the Mediterranean basin.
    Keywords carbon sinks ; decision making ; economic valuation ; ecotourism ; erosion control ; financial economics ; fire prevention ; fire suppression ; forest ecosystems ; forests ; habitats ; national parks ; pollination ; soil erosion ; summer ; woody biomass ; Mediterranean region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-1214
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2571-6255
    DOI 10.3390/fire4040095
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: The IASI Water Deficit Index to Monitor Vegetation Stress and Early Drying in Summer Heatwaves: An Application to Southern Italy

    Masiello, Guido / Ripullone, Francesco / De Feis, Italia / Rita, Angelo / Saulino, Luigi / Pasquariello, Pamela / Cersosimo, Angela / Venafra, Sara / Serio, Carmine

    Land. 2022 Aug. 21, v. 11, no. 8

    2022  

    Abstract: The boreal hemisphere has been experiencing increasing extreme hot and dry conditions over the past few decades, consistent with anthropogenic climate change. The continental extension of this phenomenon calls for tools and techniques capable of ... ...

    Abstract The boreal hemisphere has been experiencing increasing extreme hot and dry conditions over the past few decades, consistent with anthropogenic climate change. The continental extension of this phenomenon calls for tools and techniques capable of monitoring the global to regional scales. In this context, satellite data can satisfy the need for global coverage. The main objective we have addressed in the present paper is the capability of infrared satellite observations to monitor the vegetation stress due to increasing drought and heatwaves in summer. We have designed and implemented a new water deficit index (wdi) that exploits satellite observations in the infrared to retrieve humidity, air temperature, and surface temperature simultaneously. These three parameters are combined to provide the water deficit index. The index has been developed based on the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer or IASI, which covers the infrared spectral range 645 to 2760 cm⁻¹ with a sampling of 0.25 cm⁻¹. The index has been used to study the 2017 heatwave, which hit continental Europe from May to October. In particular, we have examined southern Italy, where Mediterranean forests suffer from climate change. We have computed the index’s time series and show that it can be used to indicate the atmospheric background conditions associated with meteorological drought. We have also found a good agreement with soil moisture, which suggests that the persistence of an anomalously high water deficit index was an essential driver of the rapid development and evolution of the exceptionally severe 2017 droughts.
    Keywords air temperature ; climate change ; drought ; humidity ; interferometers ; land ; remote sensing ; satellites ; soil water ; summer ; surface temperature ; time series analysis ; vegetation ; Italy
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0821
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2682955-1
    ISSN 2073-445X
    ISSN 2073-445X
    DOI 10.3390/land11081366
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Towards sustainable management of forest residues in the southern Apennine Mediterranean mountain forests: a scenario-based approach

    Pergola, Maria Teresa / Saulino, Luigi / Castellaneta, Maria / Rita, Angelo / Pecora, Giovanni / Cozzi, Mario / Moretti, Nicola / Pericolo, Osvaldo / Pierangeli, Domenico / Romano, Severino / Viccaro, Mauro / Ripullone, Francesco

    Annals of forest science. 2022 Dec., v. 79, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: KEY MESSAGE: Managing forest residues according to the carbon content of the soil helps to minimize the ecological footprint of their removal. CONTEXT: In Mediterranean mountain ecosystems, unsustainable harvesting of wood residues might contribute to ... ...

    Abstract KEY MESSAGE: Managing forest residues according to the carbon content of the soil helps to minimize the ecological footprint of their removal. CONTEXT: In Mediterranean mountain ecosystems, unsustainable harvesting of wood residues might contribute to land degradation, carbon, and nutrient depletion in forest soils. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the amount of forest biomass residues that should be left on-site to minimize the depletion of soil fertility. METHODS: We estimated the availability of biomass residues in the public forest land of the Basilicata region of Southern Italy by collecting stand-scale inventory attributes from forest management plans. Subsequently, we quantified the amount of forest biomass residue released by implementing a scenario-based approach. RESULTS: Approximately 5800 m³ year⁻¹ of forest residues could be potentially available for bio-based industries at the regional scale within the next 10 years. Such residues mainly belong to broadleaved forest types, having a high variability in their soil organic stock (228.5–705.8 Mg C ha⁻¹) and altitudinally spanning from 400 to 1500 m a.s.l. In these forests, the simulated scenarios displayed a wide range of average harvestable residues from 2.5 to 5.5 m³ ha⁻¹, containing approximately 1.1 to 2.1 Mg ha⁻¹ of organic carbon. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that forest management plans are a useful source of information to estimate the available forest biomass residues consistently. In southern Mediterranean mountain forests, the management of forest residues according to soil carbon content helps to minimize the environmental impact and increase their sustainability.
    Keywords biomass ; deciduous forests ; ecological footprint ; environmental impact ; forest land ; forest management ; information sources ; inventories ; land degradation ; organic carbon ; soil carbon ; soil fertility ; wood ; Italy ; Mediterranean region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-12
    Size p. 14.
    Publishing place Springer Paris
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1464978-0
    ISSN 1297-966X ; 1286-4560
    ISSN (online) 1297-966X
    ISSN 1286-4560
    DOI 10.1186/s13595-022-01128-w
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Topoclimate effect on treeline elevation depends on the regional framework: A contrast between Southern Alps (New Zealand) and Apennines (Italy) forests.

    Rita, Angelo / Saracino, Antonio / Cieraad, Ellen / Saulino, Luigi / Zotti, Maurizio / Idbella, Mohamed / De Stefano, Carlo / Mogavero, Valentina / Allevato, Emilia / Bonanomi, Giuliano

    Ecology and evolution

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e9733

    Abstract: Deciphering the spatial patterns of alpine treelines is critical for understanding the ecosystem processes involved in the persistence of tree species and their altitudinal limit. Treelines are thought to be controlled by temperature, and other ... ...

    Abstract Deciphering the spatial patterns of alpine treelines is critical for understanding the ecosystem processes involved in the persistence of tree species and their altitudinal limit. Treelines are thought to be controlled by temperature, and other environmental variables but they have rarely been investigated in regions with different land-use change legacies. Here, we systematically investigated treeline elevation in the Apennines (Italy) and Southern Alps (New Zealand) with contrasting human history but similar biogeographic trajectories, intending to identify distinct drivers that affect their current elevation and highlight their respective peculiarities. Over 3622 km of Apennines, treeline elevation was assessed in 302 mountain peaks and in 294 peaks along 4504 km of Southern Alps. The major difference between the Southern Alps and Apennines treeline limit is associated with their mountain aspects. In the Southern Alps, the scarcely anthropized
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2635675-2
    ISSN 2045-7758
    ISSN 2045-7758
    DOI 10.1002/ece3.9733
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Detecting Burn Severity across Mediterranean Forest Types by Coupling Medium-Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery and Field Data

    Saulino, Luigi / Rita, Angelo / Migliozzi, Antonello / Maffei, Carmine / Allevato, Emilia / Garonna, Antonio Pietro / Saracino, Antonio

    Remote Sensing. 2020 Feb. 24, v. 12, no. 4

    2020  

    Abstract: In Mediterranean countries, in the year 2017, extensive surfaces of forests were damaged by wildfires. In the Vesuvius National Park, multiple summer wildfires burned 88% of the Mediterranean forest. This unprecedented event in an environmentally ... ...

    Abstract In Mediterranean countries, in the year 2017, extensive surfaces of forests were damaged by wildfires. In the Vesuvius National Park, multiple summer wildfires burned 88% of the Mediterranean forest. This unprecedented event in an environmentally vulnerable area suggests conducting spatial assessment of the mixed-severity fire effects for identifying priority areas and support decision-making in post-fire restoration. The main objective of this study was to compare the ability of the delta Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) spectral index obtained from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A satellites in retrieving burn severity levels. Burn severity levels experienced by the Mediterranean forest communities were defined by using two quali-quantitative field-based composite burn indices (FBIs), namely the Composite Burn Index (CBI), its geometrically modified version CBI (GeoCBI), and the dNBR derived from the two medium-resolution multispectral remote sensors. The accuracy of the burn severity map produced by using the dNBR thresholds developed by Key and Benson (2006) was first evaluated. We found very low agreement (0.15 < K < 0.21) between the burn severity class obtained from field-based indices (CBI and GeoCBI) and satellite-derived metrics (dNBR) from both Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A. Therefore, the most appropriate dNBR thresholds were rebuilt by analyzing the relationships between two field-based (CBI and GeoCBI) and dNBR from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A. By regressing alternatively FBIs and dNBRs, a slightly stronger relationship between GeoCBI and dNBR metrics obtained from the Sentinel-2A remote sensor (R² = 0.69) was found. The regressed dNBR thresholds showed moderately high classification accuracy (K = 0.77, OA = 83%) for Sentinel-2A, suggesting the appropriateness of dNBR-Sentinel 2A in assessing mixed-severity Mediterranean wildfires. Our results suggest that there is no single set of dNBR thresholds that are appropriate for all burnt biomes, especially for the low levels of burn severity, as biotic factors could affect satellite observations.
    Keywords Landsat ; biotic factors ; burn severity ; decision making ; forest communities ; forest types ; national parks ; remote sensing ; summer ; wildfires ; Mediterranean region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0224
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2513863-7
    ISSN 2072-4292
    ISSN 2072-4292
    DOI 10.3390/rs12040741
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Topography modulates near-ground microclimate in the Mediterranean Fagus sylvatica treeline.

    Rita, Angelo / Bonanomi, Giuliano / Allevato, Emilia / Borghetti, Marco / Cesarano, Gaspare / Mogavero, Valentina / Rossi, Sergio / Saulino, Luigi / Zotti, Maurizio / Saracino, Antonio

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 8122

    Abstract: Understanding processes controlling forest dynamics has become particularly important in the context of ongoing climate change, which is altering the ecological fitness and resilience of species worldwide. However, whether forest communities would be ... ...

    Abstract Understanding processes controlling forest dynamics has become particularly important in the context of ongoing climate change, which is altering the ecological fitness and resilience of species worldwide. However, whether forest communities would be threatened by projected macroclimate change or unaffected due to the controlling effect of local site conditions is still a matter for debate. After all, forest canopy buffer climate extremes and promote microclimatic conditions, which matters for functional plant response, and act as refugia for understory species in a changing climate. Yet precisely how microclimatic conditions change in response to climate warming will depend on the extent to which vegetation structure and local topography shape air and soil temperature. In this study, we posited that forest microclimatic buffering is sensitive to local topographic conditions and canopy cover, and using meteorological stations equipped with data-loggers we measured this effect during 1 year across a climate gradient (considering aspect as a surrogate of local topography) in a Mediterranean beech treeline growing in contrasting aspects in southern Italy. During the growing season, the below-canopy near-ground temperatures were, on average, 2.4 and 1.0 °C cooler than open-field temperatures for south and north-west aspects, respectively. Overall, the temperature offset became more negative (that is, lower under-canopy temperatures at the treeline) as the open-field temperature increased, and more positive (that is, higher under-canopy temperatures at the treeline) as the open-field temperature decreased. The buffering effect was particularly evident for the treeline on the south-facing slope, where cooling of near-ground temperature was as high as 8.6 °C for the maximum temperature (in August the offset peaked at 10 °C) and as high as 2.5 °C for the average temperature. In addition, compared to the south-facing slope, the northern site exhibited less decoupling from free-air environment conditions and low variability in microclimate trends that closely track the free-air biophysical environment. Although such a decoupling effect cannot wholly isolate forest climatic conditions from macroclimate regional variability in the south-facing treeline, it has the potential to partly offset the regional macroclimatic warming experienced in the forest understory due to anthropogenic climate change.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-87661-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Decomposition of woody debris in Mediterranean ecosystems: the role of wood chemical and anatomical traits

    Bonanomi, Giuliano / Zotti, Maurizio / Cesarano, Gaspare / Sarker, Tushar C / Saulino, Luigi / Saracino, Antonio / Idbella, Mohamed / Agrelli, Diana / D’Ascoli, Rosaria / Rita, Angelo / Adamo, Paola / Allevato, Emilia

    Plant and soil. 2021 Mar., v. 460, no. 1-2

    2021  

    Abstract: AIMS: Data about woody debris (WD) decomposition are very scarce for the Mediterranean basin. The specific aim of this work is to explore the relationships between WD traits with the decay rate. METHODS: We carried out a three-year litterbag ... ...

    Abstract AIMS: Data about woody debris (WD) decomposition are very scarce for the Mediterranean basin. The specific aim of this work is to explore the relationships between WD traits with the decay rate. METHODS: We carried out a three-year litterbag decomposition experiment using ten WD types incubated in two plant communities (i.e. shrubland and woodland) and in laboratory conditions. WD was characterized for 31 chemical and anatomical traits, including macro- and micronutrients, lignin, and cellulose as well as organic chemistry by Solid-state Cross-Polarization Magic Angle Spinning Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹³C CPMAS NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/ Attenuated Total Reflection (FT-IR/ATR spectroscopy). RESULTS: WD decay rate was negatively associated with di-O-alkyl, lignin/N and C/N ratios, but positively with N concentration. Less consistent but positive correlations were recored for K, Mn, and Na concentration. The alkyl C and carboxylic C regions, associated with aliphatic and amide compounds, was positively correlated with WD decomposition. Conversely, di-O-alkyl C and O-alkyl C fractions, largely associated with cellulose and hemicellulose, were negatively correlated with WD decay rate. Finally, the positive correlation between Na concentration and WD mass loss in field conditions suggest a role of this neglected micronutrient for wood decomposition. WD specific density and anatomical features, have a minor capability to explain decomposition rate. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate a major role of WD chemical traits in explaining the variability of decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems.
    Keywords Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; cellulose ; hemicellulose ; lignin ; nitrogen content ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; organic chemistry ; shrublands ; soil ; wood degradation ; woodlands ; Mediterranean region
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-03
    Size p. 263-280.
    Publishing place Springer International Publishing
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 208908-7
    ISSN 1573-5036 ; 0032-079X
    ISSN (online) 1573-5036
    ISSN 0032-079X
    DOI 10.1007/s11104-020-04799-4
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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