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  1. Article: "Catheter-Locking Device-Assisted" External Ventricular Drain Placement: A New Surgical Technique Preventing Intracranial Drain Displacement-Technical Note with Preliminary Single-Center Results.

    Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Jiang, Tingting / Piccirilli, Manolo

    Journal of neurosciences in rural practice

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 326–332

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Background
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2601242-X
    ISSN 0976-3155 ; 0976-3147
    ISSN (online) 0976-3155
    ISSN 0976-3147
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1744126
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Preventing Ventricular Catheter Displacement and Infection with the "Catheter-Locking Device-Assisted" Technique: A Retrospective Study of 231 Patients.

    Piccirilli, Manolo / Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Marchese, Enrico / Gallo, Marco / Santoro, Antonio

    World neurosurgery

    2023  Volume 182, Page(s) e236–e244

    Abstract: Background: Inserting cerebrospinal fluid diversion devices such as external ventricular drains (EVDs) and ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) is a critical procedure. Unfortunately, complications such as catheter misplacement, dislocation, or infection ... ...

    Abstract Background: Inserting cerebrospinal fluid diversion devices such as external ventricular drains (EVDs) and ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) is a critical procedure. Unfortunately, complications such as catheter misplacement, dislocation, or infection can occur. Various surgical strategies aim to reduce these risks. One recent innovation is the "catheter-locking device-assisted" technique for EVD surgery. In this study, we examined its application in a larger group of cases encompassing both EVDs and VPSs over a 30-month period, with a focus on these complications.
    Methods: All adult patients who underwent a shunt procedure for noninfectious hydrocephalus at our institution from January 2021 to June 2023 were reviewed. We compared complications between those treated with the "standard" technique (subgroup A) and those managed with the "catheter-locking device-assisted" approach (subgroup B).
    Results: In the EVD surgical group (initial procedures, n = 161), 6 patients (3.7%) required reoperation owing to the catheter misplacement caused by inadvertent migration of the ventricular catheter within the operating room ("early" migration), while 11 patients (6.8%) experienced unintentional postoperative dislodgement ("delayed" migration). Seven patients (4.3%) developed an EVD-related infection after an average duration of 7.4 days. None of these complications were observed in subgroup B patients (P < 0.05). Among VPS patients (n = 137), 4 (2.9%), all in subgroup A, required reoperation due to intraoperative migration of the catheter (P = 0.121); no other complications were identified.
    Conclusions: The "catheter-locking device-assisted" technique may significantly decrease the occurrence of the most common EVD complications and can also prove beneficial in VPS surgery. However, further investigation is necessary.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts/adverse effects ; Catheters ; Ventriculostomy/adverse effects ; Ventriculostomy/methods ; Hydrocephalus/surgery ; Hydrocephalus/etiology ; Drainage/methods
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.089
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Extradural hemorrhagic spinal cavernous angioma in a paucisymptomatic child: A rare case with review of the current literature.

    Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Giugliano, Marco / Gallo, Marco / Piccirilli, Manolo

    Surgical neurology international

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 123

    Abstract: Background: Cavernous angiomas, also referred to as cavernous hemangiomas or cavernomas (CMs), are vascular malformative benign neoplasms that may develop in any part of the central nervous system. Spinal CMs are uncommon (overall incidence rate of 0.04- ...

    Abstract Background: Cavernous angiomas, also referred to as cavernous hemangiomas or cavernomas (CMs), are vascular malformative benign neoplasms that may develop in any part of the central nervous system. Spinal CMs are uncommon (overall incidence rate of 0.04-0.05%). Pure epidural CMs account for 1-2% of all spinal CMs and 4% of all spinal epidural tumors. Diagnosis is extremely rare in the pediatric age. To the best of our knowledge, only 10 cases have been described so far. The treatment of choice is microsurgical resection.
    Case description: We describe here the rare case of a cervicothoracic hemorrhagic spinal epidural cavernoma in a paucisymptomatic, 8-year-old female Bangladeshi child. C7-T2 laminectomy with excision of a scarcely defined, capsulated dark red lesion was performed with good recovery.
    Conclusion: Spinal epidural cavernomas are rare. Childhood presentation is even rarer. The reason could be found in a greater "compliance" and to a rarer occurrence of acute bleeding in children, thus resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Surgical excision is the gold standard of treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2229-5097
    ISSN 2229-5097
    DOI 10.25259/SNI_997_2021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Association between spontaneous intracranial epidural hematoma and craniofacial infections: A systematic literature review.

    Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Jiang, Tingting / Pescatori, Lorenzo / Corsini, Massimo / Piccirilli, Manolo

    Surgical neurology international

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 57

    Abstract: Background: Spontaneous and nontraumatic epidural hematoma (SEDH) is a rare entity. Etiology is various, including vascular malformations of the dura mater, hemorrhagic tumors, and coagulation defects. The association between SEDH and craniofacial ... ...

    Abstract Background: Spontaneous and nontraumatic epidural hematoma (SEDH) is a rare entity. Etiology is various, including vascular malformations of the dura mater, hemorrhagic tumors, and coagulation defects. The association between SEDH and craniofacial infections is rather unusual.
    Methods: We performed a systematic review of the available literature using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus research databases. Literature research was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We exclusively included studies reporting demographic and clinical data, published until October 31, 2022. We also report one case from our experience.
    Results: A total of 18 scientific publications, corresponding to 19 patients, met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Patients were mostly adolescents, with a clear male predominance. SEDHs frequently occurred in the frontal area, usually near the site of the infection. Surgical evacuation was the treatment of choice with good postoperative outcomes. Endoscopy of the involved paranasal sinus should be achieved as soon as possible to remove the cause of the SEDH.
    Conclusion: SEDH may occur as a rare and life-threatening complication of craniofacial infections; therefore, prompt recognition and treatment are mandatory.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2229-5097
    ISSN 2229-5097
    DOI 10.25259/SNI_1068_2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: “Catheter-Locking Device-Assisted” External Ventricular Drain Placement: A New Surgical Technique Preventing Intracranial Drain Displacement—Technical Note with Preliminary Single-Center Results

    Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Jiang, Tingting / Piccirilli, Manolo

    Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 02, Page(s) 326–332

    Abstract: Background: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is frequently performed in neurosurgical patients to divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and monitor intracranial pressure. The traditional practice is the tunneled EVD technique performed in the ... ...

    Abstract Background: External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is frequently performed in neurosurgical patients to divert cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and monitor intracranial pressure. The traditional practice is the tunneled EVD technique performed in the operating room. EVD insertion through a bolt in intensive care units has also been reported. We describe here the usage of a novel technique, the “ catheter-locking device -assisted” EVD placement, reporting our preliminary, observational single-center results.
    Methods: From January to October 2021, 15 patients underwent a “catheter-locking device-assisted” EVD placement at our institute. For each of these patients, the following data were evaluated: (1) demographics, (2) etiology, (3) clinical presentation, (4) EVD complications, and (5) final clinical outcomes.
    Results: Median age of our population was 64 years, with a female/male ratio of 2:1. Average Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 8. Each patient maintained the drainage for an average time of 14 days. None of the patients suffered from postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage, CSF leakage, catheter migration, or discontinuation of the drainage system; none developed signs of infection. Nine patients required a permanent CSF diversion system. Outcome was good in 14 patients. One patient died for the underlying disease.
    Conclusions: The “catheter-locking device-assisted” EVD placement appears to be a safe and accurate alternative to both the standard tunneled and the bolt-assisted EVD insertion techniques. The use of this procedure may significantly reduce the incidence of the commonest EVD complications, though further investigation is required.
    Keywords complications ; catheter-locking device ; cranial bolt ; external ventricular drain ; hydrocephalus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-28
    Publisher Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2601242-X
    ISSN 0976-3155 ; 0976-3147 ; 0976-3155
    ISSN (online) 0976-3155
    ISSN 0976-3147 ; 0976-3155
    DOI 10.1055/s-0042-1744126
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  6. Article ; Online: Temporal Horn Enlargements Predict Secondary Hydrocephalus Diagnosis Earlier than Evans' Index.

    Missori, Paolo / Paolini, Sergio / Peschillo, Simone / Mancarella, Cristina / Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Rastelli, Emanuela / Martini, Stefano / Fattapposta, Francesco / Currà, Antonio

    Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 3, Page(s) 1429–1436

    Abstract: The aim of this study was to identify early radiological signs of secondary hydrocephalus. We retrieved neuroradiological data from scans performed at various times in patients who underwent surgery for secondary hydrocephalus due to severe traumatic ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this study was to identify early radiological signs of secondary hydrocephalus. We retrieved neuroradiological data from scans performed at various times in patients who underwent surgery for secondary hydrocephalus due to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), or brain tumour (BT). Baseline measurements, performed on the earliest images acquired after the neurological event (T0), included Evans’ index, the distance between frontal horns, and the widths of both temporal horns. The next neuroimage that showed an increase in at least one of these four parameters—and that lead the surgeon to act—was selected as an indication of ventricular enlargement (T1). Comparisons of T0 and T1 neuroimages showed increases in Evans’ index, in the mean frontal horn distance, and in the mean right and left temporal horn widths. Interestingly, in T1 scans, mean Evans’ index scores > 0.30 were only observed in patients with BT. However, the temporal horn widths increased up to ten-fold in most patients, independent of Evans’ index scores. In conclusion temporal horn enlargements were the earliest, most sensitive findings in predicting ventricular enlargement secondary to TBI, SAH, or BT. To anticipate a secondary hydrocephalus radiological diagnosis, clinicians should measure both Evans’ index and the temporal horn widths, to avoid severe disability and poor outcome related to temporal lobe damage.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Brain Neoplasms ; Hydrocephalus/diagnostic imaging ; Hydrocephalus/etiology ; Hypertrophy ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Temporal Lobe/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2379-139X
    ISSN (online) 2379-139X
    DOI 10.3390/tomography8030115
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: Surgical Timing and Outcomes-A Retrospective Study of 25 Cases.

    Di Bartolomeo, Alessandro / Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Giugliano, Marco / Dugoni, Demo Eugenio / Ruggeri, Andrea Gennaro / Delfini, Roberto

    Journal of neurosciences in rural practice

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 4–11

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Background
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2601242-X
    ISSN 0976-3155 ; 0976-3147
    ISSN (online) 0976-3155
    ISSN 0976-3147
    DOI 10.1055/s-0040-1716792
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Entrapment of the temporal horn: case series and systematic review of literature.

    Giugliano, Marco / Scafa, Anthony K / Chiarella, Vito / DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro / Bruzzaniti, Placido / D'Andrea, Giancarlo / Salvati, Maurizio / Santoro, Antonio

    Journal of neurosurgical sciences

    2020  Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 532–540

    Abstract: Introduction: Entrapment of the temporal horn (ETH) is a form of focal, obstructive hydrocephalus. Etiology and clinical presentation are diversified. Though known since 1947, standard treatment has not yet been defined. The objective of our study was ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Entrapment of the temporal horn (ETH) is a form of focal, obstructive hydrocephalus. Etiology and clinical presentation are diversified. Though known since 1947, standard treatment has not yet been defined. The objective of our study was to perform a systematic review on ETH.
    Evidence acquisition: Data from patients treated at our Institution from 2008 to 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. A systematic PRISMA review of literature was also performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. The following search terms were used: "temporal horn entrapment" [All Fields] OR "trapped temporal horn" [All Fields].
    Evidence synthesis: One hundred and twenty-one cases (mean age 41 years; M/F ratio: 1/1) were analyzed. In 65 (vs. 56) cases (53.7% vs. 46.3%), ETH was not surgery related. Headache was the most common symptom (42%). "Major" treatments were ventriculoperitoneal/ventriculoatrial shunt (42 cases, 34.7%), and endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy (12 cases, 9.9%). In the first group, no perioperative complications were found, 39 patients (92.9%) had a favorable outcome, three patients (7.1%) died for the underlying disease, four cases (9.5%) went through revision; also considering the cases in which another procedure was performed as definitive treatment, there were six shunt failures (13.6%). In the second group, one case (8.3%) developed a deep intracerebral hemorrhage, 11 cases (91.6%) had a favorable long-term outcome, one case (8.3%) had a favorable short-term outcome; also considering the cases in which another procedure was performed as definitive treatment, there were six endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy failures (37.5%).
    Conclusions: Described as uncommon, ETH is probably underestimated. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical. VP shunt is still the most commonly performed treatment. Further randomized clinical trials are, however, needed to establish the gold standard.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Lobe/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ; Ventriculostomy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-09
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 193139-8
    ISSN 1827-1855 ; 0390-5616 ; 0026-4881
    ISSN (online) 1827-1855
    ISSN 0390-5616 ; 0026-4881
    DOI 10.23736/S0390-5616.20.05111-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Cortical atrophy in chronic subdural hematoma from ultra-structures to physical properties.

    Familiari, Pietro / Lapolla, Pierfrancesco / Relucenti, Michela / Battaglione, Ezio / Cristiano, Loredana / Sorrentino, Veronica / Aversa, Sara / D'Amico, Alessia / Puntorieri, Pierfabrizio / Bruzzaniti, Lucia / Mingoli, Andrea / Brachini, Gioia / Barbaro, Giuseppe / Scafa, Anthony Kevin / D'Andrea, Giancarlo / Frati, Alessandro / Picotti, Veronica / Berra, Luigi Valentino / Petrozza, Vincenzo /
    Nottola, Stefania / Santoro, Antonio / Bruzzaniti, Placido

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 3400

    Abstract: Several theories have tried to elucidate the mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, this process is complex and remains mostly unknown. In this study we performed a retrospective randomised analysis comparing ... ...

    Abstract Several theories have tried to elucidate the mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). However, this process is complex and remains mostly unknown. In this study we performed a retrospective randomised analysis comparing the cortical atrophy of 190 patients with unilateral CSDH, with 190 healthy controls. To evaluate the extent of cortical atrophy, CT scan images were utilised to develop an index that is the ratio of the maximum diameter sum of 3 cisterns divided by the maximum diameter of the skull at the temporal lobe level. Also, we reported, for the first time, the ultrastructural analyses of the CSDH using a combination of immunohistochemistry methods and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Internal validation was performed to confirm the assessment of the different degrees of cortical atrophy. Relative Cortical Atrophy Index (RCA index) refers to the sum of the maximum diameter of three cisterns (insular cistern, longitudinal cerebral fissure and cerebral sulci greatest) with the temporal bones' greatest internal distance. This index, strongly related to age in healthy controls, is positively correlated to the preoperative and post-operative maximum diameter of hematoma and the midline shift in CSDH patients. On the contrary, it negatively correlates to the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS). The Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) showed that RCA index effectively differentiated cases from controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the newly formed CD-31 positive microvessels are higher in number than the CD34-positive microvessels in the CSDH inner membrane than in the outer membrane. Ultrastructural observations highlight the presence of a chronic inflammatory state mainly in the CSDH inner membrane. Integrating these results, we have obtained an etiopathogenetic model of CSDH. Cortical atrophy appears to be the triggering factor activating the cascade of transendothelial cellular filtration, inflammation, membrane formation and neovascularisation leading to the CSDH formation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Physical Phenomena ; Filtration ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Inflammation ; Atrophy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-30135-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Retrospective and Randomized Analysis of Influence and Correlation of Clinical and Molecular Prognostic Factors in a Mono-Operative Series of 122 Patients with Glioblastoma Treated with STR or GTR.

    Salvati, Maurizio / Bruzzaniti, Placido / Relucenti, Michela / Nizzola, Mariagrazia / Familiari, Pietro / Giugliano, Marco / Scafa, Anthony Kevin / Galletta, Santi / Li, Xiaobo / Chen, Rui / Barbaranelli, Claudio / Frati, Alessandro / Santoro, Antonio

    Brain sciences

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: Glioblastoma is a solid, infiltrating, and the most frequent highly malignant primary brain tumor. Our aim was to find the correlation between sex, age, preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS), presenting with seizures, and extent of resection ( ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma is a solid, infiltrating, and the most frequent highly malignant primary brain tumor. Our aim was to find the correlation between sex, age, preoperative Karnofsky performance status (KPS), presenting with seizures, and extent of resection (EOR) with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and postoperative KPS, along with the prognostic value of IDH1, MGMT, ATRX, EGFR, and TP53 genes mutations and of Ki67 through the analysis of a single-operator series in order to avoid the biases of a multi-operator series, such as the lack of homogeneity in surgical and adjuvant nonsurgical treatments. A randomized retrospective analysis of 122 patients treated by a single first operator at Sapienza University of Rome was carried out. After surgery, patients followed standard Stupp protocol treatment. Exclusion criteria were: (1) patients with primary brainstem and spinal cord gliomas and (2) patients who underwent partial resections (resection < 90%) or a biopsy exclusively for diagnostic purposes. Statistical analysis with a simultaneous regression model was carried out through the use of SPSS 25
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2651993-8
    ISSN 2076-3425
    ISSN 2076-3425
    DOI 10.3390/brainsci10020091
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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