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  1. Article: Lipoprotein(a), Friedewald formula, and NCEP guidelines. National Cholesterol Education Program.

    Scanu, A M

    The American journal of cardiology

    2001  Volume 87, Issue 5, Page(s) 608–9, A9

    Abstract: The Friedewald low-density lipoprotein cholesterol formula, which is commonly used in clinical chemistry laboratories, comprises both low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) cholesterol. This confounder must be recognized and appropriately corrected ... ...

    Abstract The Friedewald low-density lipoprotein cholesterol formula, which is commonly used in clinical chemistry laboratories, comprises both low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a) cholesterol. This confounder must be recognized and appropriately corrected when dealing with subjects with high plasma lipoprotein(a) levels.
    MeSH term(s) Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Coronary Artery Disease/blood ; Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood ; Hypercholesterolemia/diagnosis ; Lipoprotein(a)/blood ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Reference Values ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, LDL ; Lipoprotein(a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-03-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80014-4
    ISSN 1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
    ISSN (online) 1879-1913
    ISSN 0002-9149
    DOI 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)01440-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The role of lipoprotein(a) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its utility as predictor of coronary heart disease events.

    Scanu, A M

    Current cardiology reports

    2001  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 385–390

    Abstract: Lipoprotein(a), is a highly heterogeneous lipoprotein, due to variations in the size of apolipoprotein(a), and the density of the apoB100-containing particles to which apo(a) is linked. Although high plasma levels of Lp(a) have been associated with an ... ...

    Abstract Lipoprotein(a), is a highly heterogeneous lipoprotein, due to variations in the size of apolipoprotein(a), and the density of the apoB100-containing particles to which apo(a) is linked. Although high plasma levels of Lp(a) have been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the mechanism underlying this association is still largely undetermined, as is the potential role played by the particle's heterogeneity. Lp(a) pathogenicity may also be influenced by the action of environmental factors and post-translational events relating to oxidative processes, and the action of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes. Complicating the study of Lp(a) are the competing methods for its quantification due to its complex structure, and the lack of standardized methodologies. The recognition that Lp(a) particles may not all be alike in atherogenic potential should encourage studies to identify genetic and nongenetic factors underlying its heterogeneity, in order to reach a better understanding of its actual impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
    MeSH term(s) Arteries/metabolism ; Coronary Artery Disease/etiology ; Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a)/blood ; Lipoprotein(a)/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
    Chemical Substances Lipoprotein(a) ; Lipoproteins, LDL
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2055373-0
    ISSN 1523-3782
    ISSN 1523-3782
    DOI 10.1007/s11886-001-0055-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Proteolytic modifications of lipoprotein(a): potential relevance to its postulated atherothrombogenic role.

    Scanu, A M

    Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research

    1998  Volume 46, Issue 8, Page(s) 359–363

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/complications ; Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a)/chemistry ; Lipoprotein(a)/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Thrombosis/blood ; Thrombosis/complications ; Thrombosis/physiopathology
    Chemical Substances Lipoprotein(a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1217870-6
    ISSN 1708-8267 ; 1081-5589 ; 0009-9279
    ISSN (online) 1708-8267
    ISSN 1081-5589 ; 0009-9279
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Atherothrombogenicity of lipoprotein(a): the debate.

    Scanu, A M

    The American journal of cardiology

    1998  Volume 82, Issue 9A, Page(s) 26Q–33Q

    Abstract: Although lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) has been recognized as an atherothrombogenic factor, the underlying mechanisms for this pathogenicity have not been clearly defined. Plasma levels have received most of the attention in this regard; however, discrepancies ... ...

    Abstract Although lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) has been recognized as an atherothrombogenic factor, the underlying mechanisms for this pathogenicity have not been clearly defined. Plasma levels have received most of the attention in this regard; however, discrepancies among population studies have surfaced. Particularly limited is the information on the fate of Lp(a) that enters the arterial wall, in terms of mechanisms of endothelial transport and interactions with cells and macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. A typical Lp(a) represents a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle having as a protein moiety apo B-100 linked by a single interchain disulfide bond to a unique multikringle glycoprotein, called apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]). In vitro studies have shown that Lp(a) can be dissected into its constituents, LDL and apo(a). In turn, the latter can be cleaved by enzymes of the elastase and metalloproteinase families into fragments that exhibit a differential behavior in terms of binding to macromolecules of the extracellular matrix: fibrinogen, fibronectin, and proteoglycans. By immunochemical criteria, apo(a) predominantly localizes in areas of human arteries affected by the atherosclerotic process, where elastase and metalloproteinase enzymes operate and where apo(a) fragments are potentially generated. The accumulation of these fragments in the vessel wall is likely to depend on their affinity for the constituents of the extracellular matrix. Thus, factors that modulate inflammation and inflammation-mediated fragmentation of Lp(a)/apo(a) may play an important role in the cardiovascular pathogenicity of Lp(a). This pathogenicity may be attenuated by measures directed at preventing the activation of those vascular cells that secrete enzymes with a proteolytic potential for Lp(a)/apo(a), namely, leukocytes, macrophages, and T cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arteries/metabolism ; Arteriosclerosis/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Arteriosclerosis/genetics ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a)/genetics ; Lipoprotein(a)/metabolism ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis/blood ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Thrombosis/genetics
    Chemical Substances Lipoprotein(a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1998-11-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80014-4
    ISSN 1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
    ISSN (online) 1879-1913
    ISSN 0002-9149
    DOI 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00733-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Lipoprotein disorders as related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

    Scanu, A M

    The Surgical clinics of North America

    1995  Volume 75, Issue 4, Page(s) 557–567

    Abstract: Dyslipidemias to a varying degree represent an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. They are correctable if correctly diagnosed and adequately cared for. Success depends on the optimal interplay between physician and patient ... ...

    Abstract Dyslipidemias to a varying degree represent an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. They are correctable if correctly diagnosed and adequately cared for. Success depends on the optimal interplay between physician and patient and on the support of a trained dietitian. This is an area of preventive cardiology that is likely to receive increasing attention in the future, with the expectation that a decrease in morbidity/mortality for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will ensue.
    MeSH term(s) Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Humans ; Hyperlipoproteinemias/complications ; Hypertriglyceridemia/complications ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Lipoproteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 215713-5
    ISSN 1558-3171 ; 0039-6109
    ISSN (online) 1558-3171
    ISSN 0039-6109
    DOI 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)46681-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Structural and functional polymorphism of lipoprotein(a): biological and clinical implications.

    Scanu, A M

    Clinical chemistry

    1995  Volume 41, Issue 1, Page(s) 170–172

    Abstract: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], a variant of low-density lipoprotein, is heterogeneous in density because of variability in the content and composition of its core lipids and size polymorphism of its specific glycoprotein component, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. ... ...

    Abstract Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], a variant of low-density lipoprotein, is heterogeneous in density because of variability in the content and composition of its core lipids and size polymorphism of its specific glycoprotein component, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. In some individuals, density polymorphism may also derive from the fact that Lp(a) contains 2 mol of apo(a) per mole of apoB100, contrary to the more common 1:1 molar stoichiometry. Moreover, the size of apo(a) is polymorphic because of variations in the number of kringle 4 type 2 repeats. Another type of apo(a) polymorphism is related to sequence mutations at the kringle level. Two mutations can occur in kringle 4 type 10: one, Trp72-->Arg, is affiliated with an Lp(a) that is lysine-binding defective; the other, Met66-->Thr, with a normal lysine-binding function. Thus, Lp(a) is structurally and functionally polymorphic, a notion that must be considered in assessing the cardiovascular pathogenicity of this lipoprotein variant and in immunoquantification assays.
    MeSH term(s) Apolipoprotein B-100 ; Apolipoproteins A/analysis ; Apolipoproteins A/genetics ; Apolipoproteins B/analysis ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a)/blood ; Lipoprotein(a)/chemistry ; Lipoprotein(a)/genetics ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Chemical Substances Apolipoprotein B-100 ; Apolipoproteins A ; Apolipoproteins B ; Lipoprotein(a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80102-1
    ISSN 1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
    ISSN (online) 1530-8561
    ISSN 0009-9147
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Identification of mutations in human apolipoprotein(a) kringle 4-37 from the study of the DNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes: relevance to the role of lipoprotein(a) in atherothrombosis.

    Scanu, A M

    The American journal of cardiology

    1995  Volume 75, Issue 6, Page(s) 58B–61B

    Abstract: Using a technique that amplifies the DNA region coding for kringle 4-37 of human apolipoprotein(a) we have identified 2 mutations, trp72-->arg and met66-->thr. The former was only present in 2 of the 100 subjects studied, was associated with a lysine- ... ...

    Abstract Using a technique that amplifies the DNA region coding for kringle 4-37 of human apolipoprotein(a) we have identified 2 mutations, trp72-->arg and met66-->thr. The former was only present in 2 of the 100 subjects studied, was associated with a lysine-binding defective lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], low plasma levels of Lp(a), and no evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The other mutation was present in about 40% of the subjects who had either normal or high plasma levels of Lp(a) and a personal and/or familial history of ASCVD. These studies show that human kringle 4-37 is mutable and that mutations in this kringle can affect the lysine-binding properties of apo(a) and, perhaps, the atherothrombogenic potential of Lp(a).
    MeSH term(s) Apolipoproteins A/blood ; Apolipoproteins A/genetics ; Arteriosclerosis/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/genetics ; DNA/blood ; DNA/genetics ; Humans ; Kringles/genetics ; Lipoprotein(a)/blood ; Lipoprotein(a)/genetics ; Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Lysine/blood ; Lysine/genetics ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Thrombosis/blood ; Thrombosis/genetics
    Chemical Substances Apolipoproteins A ; Lipoprotein(a) ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; Lysine (K3Z4F929H6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995-02-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 80014-4
    ISSN 1879-1913 ; 0002-9149
    ISSN (online) 1879-1913
    ISSN 0002-9149
    DOI 10.1016/0002-9149(95)80013-i
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Lipoprotein(a) further invalidates Friedewald formula.

    Scanu, A M

    Clinical chemistry

    1994  Volume 40, Issue 11 Pt 1, Page(s) 2115

    MeSH term(s) Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; False Positive Reactions ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a)/blood ; Mathematics
    Chemical Substances Cholesterol, LDL ; Lipoprotein(a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comment ; Letter
    ZDB-ID 80102-1
    ISSN 1530-8561 ; 0009-9147
    ISSN (online) 1530-8561
    ISSN 0009-9147
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Structural basis for the presumptive atherothrombogenic action of lipoprotein(a). Facts and speculations.

    Scanu, A M

    Biochemical pharmacology

    1993  Volume 46, Issue 10, Page(s) 1675–1680

    MeSH term(s) Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins A/analysis ; Apolipoproteins A/chemistry ; Apolipoproteins A/genetics ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Disulfides/chemistry ; Humans ; Kringles ; Lipoprotein(a)/blood ; Lipoprotein(a)/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymorphism, Genetic
    Chemical Substances Apolipoproteins A ; Disulfides ; Lipoprotein(a)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1993-11-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 208787-x
    ISSN 1873-2968 ; 0006-2952
    ISSN (online) 1873-2968
    ISSN 0006-2952
    DOI 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90570-m
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Genetic basis and pathophysiological implications of high plasma Lp(a) levels.

    Scanu, A M

    Journal of internal medicine

    1992  Volume 231, Issue 6, Page(s) 679–683

    Abstract: Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a) is a genetic variant of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) containing apoB100 covalently linked to apolipoprotein(a) or apo(a), the specific marker of Lp(a). Lp(a) is heterogeneous in size and density, accounting in part for ... ...

    Abstract Lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a) is a genetic variant of plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) containing apoB100 covalently linked to apolipoprotein(a) or apo(a), the specific marker of Lp(a). Lp(a) is heterogeneous in size and density, accounting in part for the marked size polymorphism of apo(a), 300 to 800 kDa. The apo(a) size polymorphism is related to the different number of kringle repeats which are structurally similar although not identical to the kringle 4 of plasminogen. Recent studies on a genomic level have indicated that the apo(a) gene contains at least 19 different alleles varying in length between 48 and 190 kb, partially impacting on the plasma levels of Lp(a). High plasma levels of Lp(a) have been found to be associated with an increased prevalence of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease by mechanism(s) yet to be established. Both atherogenic and thrombogenic potentials have been postulated and have been related to the LDL-like and plasminogen-like properties of Lp(a), respectively.
    MeSH term(s) Alleles ; Arteriosclerosis/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/epidemiology ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Lipoproteins/genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL/genetics ; Plasminogen/antagonists & inhibitors ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis/blood ; Thrombosis/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Lipoprotein(a) ; Lipoproteins ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Plasminogen (9001-91-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1992-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 96274-0
    ISSN 1365-2796 ; 0954-6820
    ISSN (online) 1365-2796
    ISSN 0954-6820
    DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1992.tb01257.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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