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Article ; Online: Livestock Support and Water Depletion in Turkey

Schuenemann, Franziska / Hess, Sebastian

Water Resources Research. 2023 Jan., v. 59, no. 1 p.e2020WR028860-

2023

Abstract: Turkey serves as an important food hub for neighboring countries in the water‐scarce Middle East and North African region, and self‐sufficiency in agri‐food production is one of the country's major policy objectives. The Turkish government had therefore ... ...

Abstract	Turkey serves as an important food hub for neighboring countries in the water‐scarce Middle East and North African region, and self‐sufficiency in agri‐food production is one of the country's major policy objectives. The Turkish government had therefore introduced various support measures for its inefficient livestock sector, including payments for irrigated fodder crops, which are likely to increase water depletion. To simultaneously assess the economic and environmental effects of these policies, we link an economy‐wide computable general equilibrium model of Turkey to a newly developed water footprint module. We find that removal of direct livestock support may not lead to large water savings, but may instead redirect irrigation water to higher value crops. Conversely, removal of fodder subsidies and overall efficiency improvements in livestock can lead to overall water savings and net economic gains.
Keywords	forage ; irrigation ; irrigation water ; issues and policy ; livestock ; livestock and meat industry ; local food systems ; models ; research ; water footprint ; Middle East
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	5564-5
ISSN	1944-7973 ; 0043-1397
ISSN (online)	1944-7973
ISSN	0043-1397
DOI	10.1029/2020WR028860
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Potentials, subsidies and tradeoffs of cellulosic ethanol in the European Union

Schuenemann, Franziska / Delzeit, Ruth

Ecological economics. 2022 May, v. 195

2022

Abstract: The EU's revised Renewable Energy Directive (RED2) sets high mandates for advanced biofuels like cellulosic bioethanol from agricultural residues. However, many residues are used for ecological and economic purposes such as soil organic carbon regulation ...

Abstract	The EU's revised Renewable Energy Directive (RED2) sets high mandates for advanced biofuels like cellulosic bioethanol from agricultural residues. However, many residues are used for ecological and economic purposes such as soil organic carbon regulation and livestock bedding and fodder. We use the global CGE model DART-BIO with a detailed representation of the bioeconomy to simulate the RED2 cellulosic bioethanol mandates and run sensitivity analyses regarding processing technology, straw and oil prices. We implement a latent cellulosic ethanol technology and develop new sectors for agricultural residues. We find that the RED2 cellulosic ethanol mandates will require enormous amounts of residues that could exceed the sustainable available potential in the EU. Agricultural residue utilization changes substantially and the cellulosic ethanol industry becomes the main residue consumer. Results show that output and price impacts of advanced biofuel targets are small, but there is reallocation of land towards cereals that enter the agricultural residue sector away from other crops in the EU. Moreover, the size of necessary cellulosic ethanol subsidies and the abatement costs per tonCO₂eq are very sensitive to actual straw and oil prices.
Keywords	European Union ; agricultural wastes ; bioeconomics ; bioenergy industry ; bioethanol ; ecological economics ; energy policy ; forage ; livestock ; models ; oils ; prices ; soil organic carbon ; straw
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0921-8009
DOI	10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107384
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Book: Economy-wide policy modeling of the food-energy-water nexus

Schünemann, Franziska

identifying synergies and tradeoffs on food, energy, and water security in Malawi

(Development economics and policy ; vol. 79)

2018

Abstract: Introduction -- Developing the appropriate modeling framework for quantitative policy analysis of the food-energy-water nexus -- Leveling the field for biofuels: comparing the economic and environmental impacts of biofuel and other export crops in Malawi ...

Author's details	Franziska Schünemann
Series title	Development economics and policy ; vol. 79
Abstract	Introduction -- Developing the appropriate modeling framework for quantitative policy analysis of the food-energy-water nexus -- Leveling the field for biofuels: comparing the economic and environmental impacts of biofuel and other export crops in Malawi -- Evaluating irrigation investments in Malawi: economy-wide impacts under uncertainty -- Policies for a sustainable biomass energy sector in Malawi: enhancing energy and food security simultaneously -- Discussion and conclusions
Keywords	Biomass energy/Government policy ; Farms, Small/Management ; Food security/Government policy ; Water-supply/Government policy ; Wirkungsanalyse ; Schätzung ; Malawi ; Wirtschaftspolitik ; Nachhaltige Entwicklung ; Bioenergie ; Biokraftstoff ; Agroforstwirtschaft ; Ernährungssicherung ; Nachhaltige Energieversorgung ; Kleinbauern ; Wasserversorgung
Language	English
Size	219 Seiten
Document type	Book
Note	Enthält 4 Beiträge
ISBN	9783631756188 ; 9783631761106 ; 9783631761113 ; 9783631761120 ; 3631756186 ; 3631761104 ; 3631761112 ; 3631761120
Database	ECONomics Information System

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Book ; Online ; Thesis: Economy-Wide Policy Modeling of the Food-Energy-Water Nexus

Schünemann, Franziska [Verfasser]

Identifying Synergies and Tradeoffs on Food, Energy, and Water Security in Malawi

2018

Author's details	Franziska Schünemann
Keywords	Wirtschaft ; Economics
Subject code	sg330
Language	German
Publisher	Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften
Publishing place	Frankfurt a.M.
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
ISBN	978-3-631-76110-6 ; 3-631-76110-4
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article: European Union non-tariff barriers to imports of African biofuels

Schuenemann, Franziska / Kerr, William A

Agrekon. 2019 Oct. 2, v. 58, no. 4

2019

Abstract: The introduction of EU mandates for biofuel use in the transport sector initially led to high expectations that African countries would benefit from biofuel exports to the EU. This market opportunity has not been realised, however, due to regulatory ... ...

Abstract	The introduction of EU mandates for biofuel use in the transport sector initially led to high expectations that African countries would benefit from biofuel exports to the EU. This market opportunity has not been realised, however, due to regulatory requirements for the production of biofuels that act as non-tariff barriers to the acceptance of African biofuels in the EU. This benefits producers of biofuel crops and processors in the EU by providing economic protection. In particular, the EU import regime fails to acknowledge the challenges faced by African (or other) developing countries in satisfying the requirements. Using a computable general equilibrium model for Malawi, we quantify the foregone potential benefits from biofuel production for exports to the EU arising from non-tariff barriers (NTBs) embedded in the sustainability criteria. Our results show that sugarcane-ethanol production under smallholder outgrower regimes would lead to both economic growth outcomes and rural development, whereas jatropha-biodiesel fails to increase rural incomes due to low profitability. While there is widespread agreement on the latter today, our study is the first to explore the failure of jatropha in Malawi in an economy-wide framework. The ethanol results, however, also hold if land clearing is forbidden, thereby preserving biodiversity as stipulated under the sustainability criteria in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. The EU NTBs embedded in the Renewable Energy Directive thus play a much larger role for countries in Sub-Sahara Africa than simply inhibiting investment opportunities and should be refashioned to lower the entry costs for developing countries.
Keywords	European Union ; Jatropha ; biodiversity ; biofuels ; developing countries ; energy crops ; energy policy ; ethanol ; exports ; fuel production ; imports ; income ; land clearing ; markets ; models ; profitability ; rural development ; Malawi
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1002
Size	p. 407-425.
Publishing place	Routledge
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2118634-0
ISSN	2078-0400 ; 0303-1853
ISSN (online)	2078-0400
ISSN	0303-1853
DOI	10.1080/03031853.2019.1577144
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Global cropland could be almost halved: Assessment of land saving potentials under different strategies and implications for agricultural markets.

Schneider, Julia M / Zabel, Florian / Schünemann, Franziska / Delzeit, Ruth / Mauser, Wolfram

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) e0263063

Abstract: The pressure on land resources continuously increases not only with the rising demand for agricultural commodities, but also with the growing need for action on global challenges, such as biodiversity loss or climate change, where land plays a crucial ... ...

Abstract	The pressure on land resources continuously increases not only with the rising demand for agricultural commodities, but also with the growing need for action on global challenges, such as biodiversity loss or climate change, where land plays a crucial role. Land saving as a strategy, where agricultural productivity is increased to allow a reduction of required cropland while sustaining production volumes and meeting demand, could address this trade-off. With our interdisciplinary model-based study, we globally assess regional potentials of land saving and analyze resulting effects on agricultural production, prices and trade. Thereby, different land saving strategies are investigated that (1) minimize required cropland (2) minimize spatial marginalization induced by land saving and (3) maximize the attainable profit. We find that current cropland requirements could be reduced between 37% and 48%, depending on the applied land saving strategy. The generally more efficient use of land would cause crop prices to fall in all regions, but also trigger an increase in global agricultural production of 2.8%. While largest land saving potentials occur in regions with high yield gaps, the impacts on prices and production are strongest in highly populated regions with already high pressure on land. Global crop prices and trade affect regional impacts of land saving on agricultural markets and can displace effects to spatially distant regions. Our results point out the importance of investigating the potentials and effects of land saving in the context of global markets within an integrative, global framework. The resulting land saving potentials can moreover reframe debates on global potentials for afforestation and carbon sequestration, as well as on how to reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity conservation and thus contribute to approaching central goals of the 21st century, addressed for example in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement or the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture/economics ; Agriculture/ethics ; Agriculture/methods ; Biodiversity ; Carbon Sequestration ; Climate Change ; Commerce/methods ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Crops, Agricultural/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Food Security/methods ; Humans ; Internationality ; Sustainable Development/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0263063
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: European Union non-tariff barriers to imports of African biofuels

Schuenemann, Franziska / Kerr, William A.

2019

Abstract	The introduction of EU mandates for biofuel use in the transport sector initially led to high expectations that African countries would benefit from biofuel exports to the EU. This market opportunity has not been realised, however, due to regulatory requirements for the production of biofuels that act as non-tariff barriers to the acceptance of African biofuels in the EU. This benefits producers of biofuel crops and processors in the EU by providing economic protection. In particular, the EU import regime fails to acknowledge the challenges faced by African (or other) developing countries in satisfying the requirements. Using a computable general equilibrium model for Malawi, we quantify the foregone potential benefits from biofuel production for exports to the EU arising from non-tariff barriers (NTBs) embedded in the sustainability criteria. Our results show that sugarcane-ethanol production under smallholder outgrower regimes would lead to both economic growth outcomes and rural development, whereas jatropha-biodiesel fails to increase rural incomes due to low profitability. While there is widespread agreement on the latter today, our study is the first to explore the failure of jatropha in Malawi in an economy-wide framework. The ethanol results, however, also hold if land clearing is forbidden, thereby preserving biodiversity as stipulated under the sustainability criteria in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. The EU NTBs embedded in the Renewable Energy Directive thus play a much larger role for countries in Sub-Sahara Africa than simply inhibiting investment opportunities and should be refashioned to lower the entry costs for developing countries.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; F13 ; D58 ; O13 ; Q17 ; Non-tariff barriers ; biofuels ; Malawi ; CGE model
Subject code	381
Language	English
Publisher	London: Routledge
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Book ; Article ; Online: Who benefits really from phasing out palmoil-based biodiesel in the EU?

Delzeit, Ruth / Heimann, Tobias / Schünemann, Franziska / Söder, Mareike

2021

Abstract: The latest Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) by the European Union (EU) provides an updated framework for the use of renewable energy in the EU transport sector until 2030. We employ the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model DART-BIO for a ... ...

Abstract	The latest Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) by the European Union (EU) provides an updated framework for the use of renewable energy in the EU transport sector until 2030. We employ the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model DART-BIO for a scenario-based policy analysis and evaluate different possible futures of biofuel use under four specifications of the RED II. Our results show that conventional biofuels will not become cost competitive to oil-based fuels. Moreover, we demonstrate the impact of the RED II specifications on the global production of food and feed crops. A further focus of this paper lies on the palm oil phase-out as feedstock for biofuels in the EU, to halt deforestation and land-use change in tropical countries. We find that this phase-out has a relatively small impact on global palm fruit production. Moreover, this study shows that the regulation has the potential to act as a technical barrier to trade, discriminating palm oil producing countries in favour of European rapeseed producers.
Keywords	ddc:330 ; C68 ; D58 ; F18 ; O13 ; Q16 ; Q17 ; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) ; EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) ; Biofuels ; Land Use ; Land Use Change ; High iLUC-Risk ; Palm Oil Biodiesel ; Palm Oil Phase-Out
Subject code	381
Language	English
Publisher	Kiel: Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW)
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Global cropland could be almost halved

Schneider, Julia M. / Zabel, Florian / Schünemann, Franziska / Delzeit, Ruth / Mauser, Wolfram

Assessment of land saving potentials under different strategies and implications for agricultural markets

2022

Abstract	The pressure on land resources continuously increases not only with the rising demand for agricultural commodities, but also with the growing need for action on global challenges, such as biodiversity loss or climate change, where land plays a crucial role. Land saving as a strategy, where agricultural productivity is increased to allow a reduction of required cropland while sustaining production volumes and meeting demand, could address this trade-off. With our interdisciplinary model-based study, we globally assess regional potentials of land saving and analyze resulting effects on agricultural production, prices and trade. Thereby, different land saving strategies are investigated that (1) minimize required cropland (2) minimize spatial marginalization induced by land saving and (3) maximize the attainable profit. We find that current cropland requirements could be reduced between 37% and 48%, depending on the applied land saving strategy. The generally more efficient use of land would cause crop prices to fall in all regions, but also trigger an increase in global agricultural production of 2.8%. While largest land saving potentials occur in regions with high yield gaps, the impacts on prices and production are strongest in highly populated regions with already high pressure on land. Global crop prices and trade affect regional impacts of land saving on agricultural markets and can displace effects to spatially distant regions. Our results point out the importance of investigating the potentials and effects of land saving in the context of global markets within an integrative, global framework. The resulting land saving potentials can moreover reframe debates on global potentials for afforestation and carbon sequestration, as well as on how to reconcile agricultural production and biodiversity conservation and thus contribute to approaching central goals of the 21st century, addressed for example in the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement or the post-2020 global biodiversity framework.
Keywords	ddc:330
Subject code	710
Language	English
Publisher	San Francisco, CA: PLOS
Publishing country	de
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Leveling the field for biofuels: comparing the economic and environmental impacts of biofuel and other export crops in Malawi

Schuenemann, Franziska / James Thurlow / Manfred Zeller

Agricultural economics. 2017 May, v. 48, no. 3

2017

Abstract: Biofuels often raise the specter of food insecurity, water resource depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions from land clearing. These concerns underpin the âsustainability criteriaâ governing access to European biofuel markets. However, it is unclear ...

Abstract	Biofuels often raise the specter of food insecurity, water resource depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions from land clearing. These concerns underpin the âsustainability criteriaâ governing access to European biofuel markets. However, it is unclear if producing biofuels in lowâincome countries does exacerbate poverty and food insecurity, and moreover, whether the sustainability criteria should apply to all agricultural exports entering European markets. We develop an integrated modeling framework to simultaneously assess the economic and environmental impacts of producing biofuels in Malawi. We incorporate the effects of land use change on crop water use, and the opportunity costs of using scarce resources for biofuels instead of other crops. We find that biofuel production reduces poverty and food insecurity by raising household incomes. Irrigated outgrower schemes, rather than estate farms, lead to better economic outcomes, fewer emissions, and similar water requirements. Nevertheless, to gain access to European markets, Malawi would need to reduce emissions from ethanol plants. We find that biofuelsâ economic and emissions outcomes are generally preferable to tobacco or soybeans. We conclude that the sustainability criteria encourage more sustainable biofuel production in countries like Malawi, but are perhaps overly biased against biofuels since other export crops raise similar concerns about food security and environmental impacts.
Keywords	biofuels ; crops ; environmental impact ; ethanol ; exports ; farms ; food security ; fuel production ; greenhouse gas emissions ; irrigation ; land clearing ; land use change ; markets ; models ; opportunity costs ; poverty ; soybeans ; tobacco ; Malawi
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-05
Size	p. 301-315.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	742889-3
ISSN	0169-5150
ISSN	0169-5150
DOI	10.1111/agec.12335
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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