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  1. Article ; Online: No knowledge gap in human physiology after remote teaching for second year medical students throughout the Covid-19 pandemic.

    Schauber, Stefan K / Stensløkken, Kåre-Olav

    BMC medical education

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 976

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic had a disruptive effect on higher education. A critical question is whether these changes affected students' learning outcomes. Knowledge gaps have consequences for future learning and may-in health professionals' education-also ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had a disruptive effect on higher education. A critical question is whether these changes affected students' learning outcomes. Knowledge gaps have consequences for future learning and may-in health professionals' education-also pose a threat to patient safety. Current research has shortcomings and does not allow for clear-cut interpretation. Our context is instruction in human physiology in an undergraduate medical program from high stakes end of term examinations. The sequence of imposed measures to slow the COVID-19 pandemic created a natural experiment, allowing for comparisons in performance during in-person versus remote instruction.In a two-factorial design, mode of instruction (in-person vs. remote) and mode of assessment (in-person vs. remote) were analyzed using both basic (non-parametric statistics, T-tests) and advanced statistical methods (linear mixed-effects model; resampling techniques). Test results from a total of N = 1095 s-year medical students were included in the study.We did not find empirical evidence of knowledge gaps; rather, students received comparable or higher scores during remote teaching. We interpret these findings as empirical evidence that both students and teachers adapted to pandemic disruption in a way that did not lead to knowledge gaps.We conclude that highly motivated students had no reduction in academic achievement. Moreover, we have developed an accessible digital exam system for secure, fair, and effective assessments which is sufficiently defensible for making pass/fail decisions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Students, Medical ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Academic Success ; Educational Status
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2044473-4
    ISSN 1472-6920 ; 1472-6920
    ISSN (online) 1472-6920
    ISSN 1472-6920
    DOI 10.1186/s12909-023-04959-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Conference proceedings: Einführung in das Statistikprogramm R

    Schauber, Stefan K.

    2022  , Page(s) WS–24–01

    Event/congress Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA) und des Arbeitskreises zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehre in der Zahnmedizin (AKWLZ); Halle (Saale); 2022
    Keywords Medizin, Gesundheit
    Publishing date 2022-09-14
    Publisher German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; Düsseldorf
    Document type Conference proceedings
    DOI 10.3205/22gma253
    Database German Medical Science

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  3. Article ; Online: Inconsistencies in rater-based assessments mainly affect borderline candidates: but using simple heuristics might improve pass-fail decisions.

    Schauber, Stefan K / Olsen, Anne O / Werner, Erik L / Magelssen, Morten

    Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice

    2024  

    Abstract: Introduction: Research in various areas indicates that expert judgment can be highly inconsistent. However, expert judgment is indispensable in many contexts. In medical education, experts often function as examiners in rater-based assessments. Here, ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Research in various areas indicates that expert judgment can be highly inconsistent. However, expert judgment is indispensable in many contexts. In medical education, experts often function as examiners in rater-based assessments. Here, disagreement between examiners can have far-reaching consequences. The literature suggests that inconsistencies in ratings depend on the level of performance a to-be-evaluated candidate shows. This possibility has not been addressed deliberately and with appropriate statistical methods. By adopting the theoretical lens of ecological rationality, we evaluate if easily implementable strategies can enhance decision making in real-world assessment contexts.
    Methods: We address two objectives. First, we investigate the dependence of rater-consistency on performance levels. We recorded videos of mock-exams and had examiners (N=10) evaluate four students' performances and compare inconsistencies in performance ratings between examiner-pairs using a bootstrapping procedure. Our second objective is to provide an approach that aids decision making by implementing simple heuristics.
    Results: We found that discrepancies were largely a function of the level of performance the candidates showed. Lower performances were rated more inconsistently than excellent performances. Furthermore, our analyses indicated that the use of simple heuristics might improve decisions in examiner pairs.
    Discussion: Inconsistencies in performance judgments continue to be a matter of concern, and we provide empirical evidence for them to be related to candidate performance. We discuss implications for research and the advantages of adopting the perspective of ecological rationality. We point to directions both for further research and for development of assessment practices.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-23
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1352832-4
    ISSN 1573-1677 ; 1382-4996
    ISSN (online) 1573-1677
    ISSN 1382-4996
    DOI 10.1007/s10459-024-10328-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: How sure can we be that a student really failed? On the measurement precision of individual pass-fail decisions from the perspective of Item Response Theory.

    Schauber, Stefan K / Hecht, Martin

    Medical teacher

    2020  Volume 42, Issue 12, Page(s) 1374–1384

    Abstract: Background: In high-stakes assessments in medical education, the decision to let a particular participant pass or fail has far-reaching consequences. Reliability coefficients are usually used to support the trustworthiness of assessments and their ... ...

    Abstract Background: In high-stakes assessments in medical education, the decision to let a particular participant pass or fail has far-reaching consequences. Reliability coefficients are usually used to support the trustworthiness of assessments and their accompanying decisions. However, coefficients such as Cronbach's Alpha do not indicate the precision with which an individual's performance was measured.
    Objective: Since estimates of precision need to be aligned with the level on which inferences are made, we illustrate how to adequately report the precision of pass-fail decisions for single individuals.
    Method: We show how to calculate the precision of individual pass-fail decisions using Item Response Theory and illustrate that approach using a real exam. In total, 70 students sat this exam (110 items). Reliability coefficients were above recommendations for high stakes test (> 0.80). At the same time, pass-fail decisions around the cut score were expected to show low accuracy.
    Conclusions: Our results illustrate that the most important decisions-i.e. those based on scores near the pass-fail cut-score-are often ambiguous, and that reporting a traditional reliability coefficient is not an adequate description of the uncertainty encountered on an individual level.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Education, Medical ; Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1811844
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Reply to Jiang et al.

    Schauber, Stefan K / Hecht, Martin

    Medical teacher

    2020  Volume 43, Issue 5, Page(s) 608–609

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Students
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1834932
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Exploring objective measures for assessing team performance in healthcare: an interview study.

    Wespi, Rafael / Birrenbach, Tanja / Schauber, Stefan K / Manser, Tanja / Sauter, Thomas C / Kämmer, Juliane E

    Frontiers in psychology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1232628

    Abstract: Introduction: Effective teamwork plays a critical role in achieving high-performance outcomes in healthcare. Consequently, conducting a comprehensive assessment of team performance is essential for providing meaningful feedback during team trainings and ...

    Abstract Introduction: Effective teamwork plays a critical role in achieving high-performance outcomes in healthcare. Consequently, conducting a comprehensive assessment of team performance is essential for providing meaningful feedback during team trainings and enabling comparisons in scientific studies. However, traditional methods like self-reports or behavior observations have limitations such as susceptibility to bias or being resource consuming. To overcome these limitations and gain a more comprehensive understanding of team processes and performance, the assessment of objective measures, such as physiological parameters, can be valuable. These objective measures can complement traditional methods and provide a more holistic view of team performance. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of the use of objective measures for evaluating team performance for research and training purposes. For this, experts in the field of research and medical simulation training were interviewed to gather their opinions, ideas, and concerns regarding this novel approach.
    Methods: A total of 34 medical and research experts participated in this exploratory qualitative study, engaging in semi-structured interviews. During the interview, experts were asked for (a) their opinion on measuring team performance with objective measures, (b) their ideas concerning potential objective measures suitable for measuring team performance of healthcare teams, and (c) their concerns regarding the use of objective measures for evaluating team performance. During data analysis responses were categorized per question.
    Results: The findings from the 34 interviews revealed a predominantly positive reception of the idea of utilizing objective measures for evaluating team performance. However, the experts reported limited experience in actively incorporating objective measures into their training and research. Nevertheless, they identified various potential objective measures, including acoustical, visual, physiological, and endocrinological measures and a time layer. Concerns were raised regarding feasibility, complexity, cost, and privacy issues associated with the use of objective measures.
    Discussion: The study highlights the opportunities and challenges associated with employing objective measures to assess healthcare team performance. It particularly emphasizes the concerns expressed by medical simulation experts and team researchers, providing valuable insights for developers, trainers, researchers, and healthcare professionals involved in the design, planning or utilization of objective measures in team training or research.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1232628
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Children With Developmental Language Disorder Have Lower Quality of Life Than Children With Typical Development and Children With Cochlear Implants.

    Haukedal, Christiane Lingås / Wie, Ona Bø / Schauber, Stefan K / von Koss Torkildsen, Janne

    Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 10, Page(s) 3988–4008

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QOL) and its relation to language skills in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). This was examined by comparing QOL to a control group of children with typical ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine quality of life (QOL) and its relation to language skills in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). This was examined by comparing QOL to a control group of children with typical development (TD), as well as children with cochlear implants (CIs), who potentially struggle with language for language, although for a different reason than children with DLD.
    Method: Two groups of children, a group with TD (
    Result: The DLD group was reported by parents to have statistically significantly poorer QOL scores than peers with TD or CIs. When controlling for language skills, either statistically or through an additional CI group matched on language abilities, there were no statistically significant differences in QOL scores across groups. In the DLD group, language skills explained 16% of the variation in QOL.
    Conclusion: DLD is associated with the children's overall QOL, and the degree of reduced QOL relates to the severity of the language impairment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1364086-0
    ISSN 1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
    ISSN (online) 1558-9102
    ISSN 1092-4388
    DOI 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00742
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: A validity argument for progress testing: Examining the relation between growth trajectories obtained by progress tests and national licensing examinations using a latent growth curve approach.

    Karay, Yassin / Schauber, Stefan K

    Medical teacher

    2018  Volume 40, Issue 11, Page(s) 1123–1129

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Educational Measurement/methods ; Germany ; Humans ; Licensure/statistics & numerical data ; Models, Statistical ; Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1472370
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Progress testing anytime and anywhere - Does a mobile-learning approach enhance the utility of a large-scale formative assessment tool?

    Karay, Yassin / Reiss, Birger / Schauber, Stefan K

    Medical teacher

    2020  Volume 42, Issue 10, Page(s) 1154–1162

    Abstract: Background: The widespread use of mobile devices among students favors the use of mobile learning scenarios at universities. In this study, we explore whether a time- and location-independent variant of a formative progress test has an impact on the ... ...

    Abstract Background: The widespread use of mobile devices among students favors the use of mobile learning scenarios at universities. In this study, we explore whether a time- and location-independent variant of a formative progress test has an impact on the students' acceptance, its validity and reliability and if there is a difference in response processes between the two exam conditions.
    Methods: Students were randomly assigned to two groups of which one took the test free of local or temporal fixations, while the other group took the test at the local testing center under usual examination conditions. Beside the generated test data, such as test score, time-on-test, and semester status, students also evaluated the settings.
    Results: While there was no significant effect on the test score between the two groups, students in the mobile group spent more time on the test and were more likely to use the help of books or online resources. The results of the evaluation show that the acceptability among students is increased by a mobile version of the formative progress test.
    Conclusions: The results suggest that the acceptance and motivation to participate in formative tests is enhanced by lifting local and temporal restrictions. The mobile version nonetheless does not have an impact on the students' performance.
    MeSH term(s) Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Learning ; Reproducibility of Results
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 424426-6
    ISSN 1466-187X ; 0142-159X
    ISSN (online) 1466-187X
    ISSN 0142-159X
    DOI 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1798910
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Is language an issue? Accuracy of the German computerized diagnostic decision support system ISABEL and cross-validation with the English counterpart.

    Marcin, Thimo / Lüthi, Ailin / Graf, Ronny R / Krummrey, Gert / Schauber, Stefan K / Breakey, Neal / Hautz, Wolf E / Hautz, Stefanie C

    Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 398–405

    Abstract: Objectives: Existing computerized diagnostic decision support tools (CDDS) accurately return possible differential diagnoses (DDx) based on the clinical information provided. The German versions of the CDDS tools for clinicians (Isabel Pro) and patients ...

    Abstract Objectives: Existing computerized diagnostic decision support tools (CDDS) accurately return possible differential diagnoses (DDx) based on the clinical information provided. The German versions of the CDDS tools for clinicians (Isabel Pro) and patients (Isabel Symptom Checker) from ISABEL Healthcare have not been validated yet.
    Methods: We entered clinical features of 50 patient vignettes taken from an emergency medical text book and 50 real cases with a confirmed diagnosis derived from the electronic health record (EHR) of a large academic Swiss emergency room into the German versions of Isabel Pro and Isabel Symptom Checker. We analysed the proportion of DDx lists that included the correct diagnosis.
    Results: Isabel Pro and Symptom Checker provided the correct diagnosis in 82 and 71 % of the cases, respectively. Overall, the correct diagnosis was ranked in 71 , 61 and 37 % of the cases within the top 20, 10 and 3 of the provided DDx when using Isabel Pro. In general, accuracy was higher with vignettes than ED cases, i.e. listed the correct diagnosis more often (non-significant) and ranked the diagnosis significantly more often within the top 20, 10 and 3. On average, 38 ± 4.5 DDx were provided by Isabel Pro and Symptom Checker.
    Conclusions: The German versions of Isabel achieved a somewhat lower accuracy compared to previous studies of the English version. The accuracy decreases substantially when the position in the suggested DDx list is taken into account. Whether Isabel Pro is accurate enough to improve diagnostic quality in clinical ED routine needs further investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ; Research Design ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electronic Health Records ; Language
    Chemical Substances Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene (4M7FS82U08)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2194-802X
    ISSN (online) 2194-802X
    DOI 10.1515/dx-2023-0047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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