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Article: Supervised therapy in San Francisco.

Schecter, G F

1997 Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 165–168

Abstract: DOT is challenging, rewarding, and the best way we have of ensuring patients' adherence to treatment. Although labor intensive, the team approach with well-defined roles for the RN, DCI, and outreach worker is efficient and effective. Although the human ... ...

Abstract	DOT is challenging, rewarding, and the best way we have of ensuring patients' adherence to treatment. Although labor intensive, the team approach with well-defined roles for the RN, DCI, and outreach worker is efficient and effective. Although the human touch-a welcoming, tolerant, and caring approach to the patient-is the single key element, the use of incentives and enablers makes DOT more attractive to patients and the program more successful. An organized approach is necessary, yet flexibility must be maintained. Each patient has unique needs. Using other programs to help, such as school-based nurserun clinics or methadone sites, is more convenient for the patient and increases adherence. Helping patients access other services is important. And, finally, recognizing and appreciating the hard work and skills of the DOT staff contribute to maintaining high staff morale and esprit de corps.
MeSH term(s)	Communicable Disease Control ; Community Health Services ; Humans ; Medical Staff/psychology ; Morale ; Patient Care Team ; Patient Compliance ; San Francisco ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	447455-7
ISSN	1557-8216 ; 0272-5231
ISSN (online)	1557-8216
ISSN	0272-5231
DOI	10.1016/s0272-5231(05)70366-x
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Article ; Online: Linezolid in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Schecter, G F / Scott, C / True, L / Raftery, A / Flood, J / Mase, S

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2010 Volume 50, Issue 1, Page(s) 49–55

Abstract: Background: Linezolid is a new antibiotic with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in animal studies. Several small case series suggest that linezolid is poorly tolerated because of the side effects of anemia/thrombocytopenia and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Linezolid is a new antibiotic with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in animal studies. Several small case series suggest that linezolid is poorly tolerated because of the side effects of anemia/thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy. To characterize our clinical experience with linezolid, the California Department of Public Health Tuberculosis Control Branch's Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) Service reviewed cases in which the MDR-TB treatment regimens included linezolid therapy. Methods: Record review was performed for 30 patients treated with linezolid as part of an MDR-TB regimen. Data were collected on clinical and microbiological characteristics, linezolid tolerability, and treatment outcomes. The dosage of linezolid was 600 mg daily. Vitamin B6 at a dosage of 50-100 mg daily was used to mitigate hematologic toxicity. Results: During 2003-2007, 30 patients received linezolid for the treatment of MDR-TB. Patients had isolates resistant to a median of 5 drugs (range, 2-13 drugs). Of the 30 cases, 29 (97%) were pulmonary; of these 29, 21 (72%) had positive results of acid-fast bacilli smear, and 16 (55%) were cavitary. Culture conversion occurred in all pulmonary cases at a median of 7 weeks. At data censure (31 December 2008), 22 (73%) of 30 patients had successfully completed treatment. Five continued to receive treatment. There were no deaths. Three patients had a poor outcome, including 2 defaults and 1 treatment failure. Side effects occurred in 9 patients, including peripheral and optic neuropathy, anemia/thrombocytopenia, rash, and diarrhea. However, only 3 patients stopped linezolid treatment because of side effects. Conclusions: Linezolid was well tolerated, had low rates of discontinuation, and may have efficacy in the treatment of MDR-TB.
MeSH term(s)	Acetamides/adverse effects ; Acetamides/therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Linezolid ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects ; Oxazolidinones/adverse effects ; Oxazolidinones/therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Acetamides ; Antitubercular Agents ; Oxazolidinones ; Linezolid (ISQ9I6J12J)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1099781-7
ISSN	1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
ISSN (online)	1537-6591
ISSN	1058-4838
DOI	10.1086/648675
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Article: The epidemiology of tuberculosis diagnosed after death in San Francisco, 1986-1995.

DeRiemer, K / Rudoy, I / Schecter, G F / Hopewell, P C / Daley, C L

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

1999 Volume 3, Issue 6, Page(s) 488–493

Abstract: Setting: San Francisco, California.: Objectives: To identify the characteristics of persons in whom tuberculosis was diagnosed after death, and determine whether secondary cases of tuberculosis resulted from them.: Design: Retrospective review of ... ...

Abstract	Setting: San Francisco, California. Objectives: To identify the characteristics of persons in whom tuberculosis was diagnosed after death, and determine whether secondary cases of tuberculosis resulted from them. Design: Retrospective review of all cases of tuberculosis reported in San Francisco from 1986 through 1995, combined with a prospective evaluation of the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis. Results: Four per cent of the reported 3102 tuberculosis cases were diagnosed after death. The rate of tuberculosis cases diagnosed after death was 1.63 per 100000 population. Age 43 years or older, male sex, white race, and birth in the United States were characteristics independently associated with a diagnosis of tuberculosis after death. During 1993-1995, injecting drug use was also independently associated with a diagnosis of tuberculosis after death (odds ratio 9.24, 95% confidence interval 1.77-39.38). Cases of tuberculosis diagnosed after death do not appear to be significant sources of undetected tuberculosis transmission causing new secondary tuberculosis cases in the community. Conclusions: Health care providers in San Francisco, and probably other urban areas, should maintain a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis in ageing, white, US-born males, and injecting drug users.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; San Francisco/epidemiology ; Sex Distribution ; Survival Rate ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-06
Publishing country	France
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1385624-8
ISSN	1815-7920 ; 1027-3719
ISSN (online)	1815-7920
ISSN	1027-3719
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Article: The results of 9-month isoniazid-rifampin therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis under program conditions in San Francisco.

Slutkin, G / Schecter, G F / Hopewell, P C

The American review of respiratory disease

1988 Volume 138, Issue 6, Page(s) 1622–1624

Abstract: The outcome of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis using isoniazid and rifampin for 9 months supplemented by ethambutol for the initial 2 months was evaluated in a cohort of 233 patients. All patients had sputum cultures positive for Mycobacterium ... ...

Abstract	The outcome of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis using isoniazid and rifampin for 9 months supplemented by ethambutol for the initial 2 months was evaluated in a cohort of 233 patients. All patients had sputum cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitive to isoniazid and rifampin. Of the 233 patients, 200 completed the regimen without change. Four patients had adverse reactions necessitating discontinuation and four became pregnant and had ethambutol substituted for rifampin. All eight were treated successfully with altered regimens. Ten patients were lost to follow-up, seven died, and eight were transferred to other jurisdictions. No patients failed to convert their sputum during therapy. At completion of therapy, three patients (1.5%) were found to have positive sputum. Follow-up 6 months after completion of treatment in 174 successfully treated patients revealed four (2.3%) with positive sputum. No further relapses were detected on evaluation 12 months after treatment was completed. All seven patients who failed therapy or relapsed were retreated successfully using the same regimen. These data provide a reference standard against which newer treatment regimens, such as the 6-month regimen currently in use, can be compared. In addition, the value of routine evaluations in detecting relapses at the time treatment is completed and 6 months later was substantiated, but 12-month follow-up was not useful.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Ethambutol/therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Isoniazid/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification ; Rifampin/therapeutic use ; San Francisco ; Sputum/microbiology ; Time Factors ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/mortality
Chemical Substances	Ethambutol (8G167061QZ) ; Isoniazid (V83O1VOZ8L) ; Rifampin (VJT6J7R4TR)
Language	English
Publishing date	1988-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207923-9
ISSN	0003-0805
ISSN	0003-0805
DOI	10.1164/ajrccm/138.6.1622
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Article: Tuberculosis among immigrants and refugees.

DeRiemer, K / Chin, D P / Schecter, G F / Reingold, A L

Archives of internal medicine

1998 Volume 158, Issue 7, Page(s) 753–760

Abstract: Background: Overseas screening of immigrants and refugees applying for a visa to the United States identifies foreign-born individuals who are at high risk for tuberculosis (TB) or who have active TB. The system's effectiveness relies on further medical ...

Abstract	Background: Overseas screening of immigrants and refugees applying for a visa to the United States identifies foreign-born individuals who are at high risk for tuberculosis (TB) or who have active TB. The system's effectiveness relies on further medical evaluation and follow-up of foreign-born individuals after their arrival in the United States. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 893 immigrants and refugees who arrived in the United States from July 1, 1992, through December 31, 1993, with a destination of San Francisco, Calif, and a referral for further medical evaluation. Main outcome measures: Time to report to the local health department after arrival and the yield of active and preventable cases of TB from follow-up medical evaluations. Results: Median time from arrival in the United States to seeking care in San Francisco was 9 days (range, 1-920 days). Of 745 immigrants and refugees (83.4%) who sought further medical evaluation, 51 (6.9%) had active TB and 296 (39.7%) were candidates for preventive therapy. Being a refugee was an independent predictor of failure to seek further medical evaluation in the United States. Class B-1 disease status based on overseas TB screening (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-6.2) and being from mainland China (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-9.9) were independent predictors of TB diagnosed in San Francisco. Conclusions: Timely, adequate medical evaluation and follow-up care of immigrants and refugees has a relatively high yield and should be a high priority for TB prevention and control programs.
MeSH term(s)	Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Refugees/statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/prevention & control ; Tuberculosis/transmission ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	211575-x
ISSN	1538-3679 ; 0003-9926 ; 0888-2479 ; 0730-188X
ISSN (online)	1538-3679
ISSN	0003-9926 ; 0888-2479 ; 0730-188X
DOI	10.1001/archinte.158.7.753
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Article: Incidence of tuberculosis in injection drug users in San Francisco: impact of anergy.

Daley, C L / Hahn, J A / Moss, A R / Hopewell, P C / Schecter, G F

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

1998 Volume 157, Issue 1, Page(s) 19–22

Abstract: Between 1990 and 1994, we conducted a prospective study in five methadone maintenance clinics in San Francisco to determine the rate of tuberculosis (TB) in injection drug users, including those who were anergic. Of the 1,745 persons seen in the clinics, ...

Abstract	Between 1990 and 1994, we conducted a prospective study in five methadone maintenance clinics in San Francisco to determine the rate of tuberculosis (TB) in injection drug users, including those who were anergic. Of the 1,745 persons seen in the clinics, 1,109 completed an evaluation that included skin testing with tuberculin and at least two other antigens (mumps, tetanus, and/or Candida), as well as HIV testing. All persons with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) and anergic individuals who had radiographic evidence of tuberculous infection (i.e., calcified granulomas) were offered isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy. The median follow-up was 22.0 mo. There were 338 (30.5%) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients and 771 (69.5%) HIV-seronegative patients; 96 (28.0%) and 336 (44.0%), respectively, had positive TSTs. Of the HIV-seropositive subjects, 108 (31.9%) had no reaction to any of the three antigens, and were therefore classified as anergic. The rate of TB among the HIV-seropositive, TST-positive patients who did not take INH preventive therapy was 5.0 per 100 person-yr, compared with 0.4 per 100 person-yr among the HIV-seronegative, TST-positive patients (p = 0.007). There were no cases of TB among the anergic subjects. These data indicate that INH preventive therapy is not routinely indicated in anergic, HIV-seropostive patients.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/complications ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; Clonal Anergy/immunology ; Comorbidity ; HIV Seropositivity/complications ; HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Population Surveillance ; Prospective Studies ; San Francisco/epidemiology ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Tuberculosis/complications ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1180953-x
ISSN	1535-4970 ; 1073-449X ; 0003-0805
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
ISSN	1073-449X ; 0003-0805
DOI	10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9701111
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Article: Evolution of chest radiographs in treated patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection.

Small, P M / Hopewell, P C / Schecter, G F / Chaisson, R E / Goodman, P C

Journal of thoracic imaging

1994 Volume 9, Issue 2, Page(s) 74–77

Abstract: A large number of patients with coexisting tuberculosis and HIV infection has been reported. The chest radiographic findings are well described and primarily consist of bilateral, medium-to-coarse reticulonodular opacities often associated with hilar and ...

Abstract	A large number of patients with coexisting tuberculosis and HIV infection has been reported. The chest radiographic findings are well described and primarily consist of bilateral, medium-to-coarse reticulonodular opacities often associated with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy. The evolution of chest radiographic abnormalities following treatment for tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection has not been previously studied. Initial and follow-up chest films of 33 patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection were evaluated. All 25 patients whose only pulmonary infection was tuberculosis exhibited radiographic improvement after appropriate treatment. In 8 patients, the chest radiograph worsened while on tuberculosis therapy. In each of these individuals, a newly acquired nontuberculous pulmonary disease was diagnosed as the cause of radiographic deterioration. We conclude that chest radiographs in patients with tuberculosis and HIV-infection will improve with appropriate tuberculosis therapy. Worsening of the chest radiograph does not suggest a poor therapeutic response, but instead indicates the presence of another pulmonary disease.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Aged ; Histoplasmosis/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis/diagnostic imaging ; Prognosis ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	1994
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632900-7
ISSN	1536-0237 ; 0883-5993
ISSN (online)	1536-0237
ISSN	0883-5993
DOI	10.1097/00005382-199421000-00003
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Article: Predictive value of contact investigation for identifying recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Behr, M A / Hopewell, P C / Paz, E A / Kawamura, L M / Schecter, G F / Small, P M

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

1998 Volume 158, Issue 2, Page(s) 465–469

Abstract: Contact tracing, the evaluation of persons who have been in contact with patients having tuberculosis, is an important component of tuberculosis control. We used DNA fingerprinting to test the assumption that tuberculosis in contacts to active cases ... ...

Abstract	Contact tracing, the evaluation of persons who have been in contact with patients having tuberculosis, is an important component of tuberculosis control. We used DNA fingerprinting to test the assumption that tuberculosis in contacts to active cases represents transmission from that person. Cases of tuberculosis in San Francisco between 1991 and 1996 with positive cultures who had been previously identified as contacts ("contact cases") to active cases ("index cases") were studied. Of 11,211 contacts evaluated, there were 66 pairs of culture-positive index and contact cases. DNA fingerprints were available for both members of these pairs in 54 instances (82%). The index and contact cases were infected with the same strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 38 instances (70%; 95% CI: 56 to 82%); 16 pairs (30%) were infected with unrelated strains. Unrelated infections were more common among foreign-born (risk ratio [RR] = 5.22, p < 0.001), particularly Asian (RR = 3.89, p = 0.002) contacts. Contact investigation is an imperfect method for detecting transmission of M. tuberculosis, particularly in foreign-born persons. However, because such investigations target a group with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and tuberculous infection, these efforts remain an important activity in the control of tuberculosis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Contact Tracing ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; San Francisco/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/transmission
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	1998-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1180953-x
ISSN	1535-4970 ; 1073-449X ; 0003-0805
ISSN (online)	1535-4970
ISSN	1073-449X ; 0003-0805
DOI	10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9801062
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Article: Tuberculosis prophylaxis in the homeless. A trial to improve adherence to referral.

Pilote, L / Tulsky, J P / Zolopa, A R / Hahn, J A / Schecter, G F / Moss, A R

Archives of internal medicine

1996 Volume 156, Issue 2, Page(s) 161–165

Abstract: Background: Adherence to tuberculosis evaluation is poor in a high-risk population such as the homeless.: Objective: To test two interventions aimed at improving adherence to tuberculosis evaluation and to identify predictors of adherence.: Methods! ...

Abstract	Background: Adherence to tuberculosis evaluation is poor in a high-risk population such as the homeless. Objective: To test two interventions aimed at improving adherence to tuberculosis evaluation and to identify predictors of adherence. Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial in shelters and food lines in the inner city of San Francisco, Calif. We randomized 244 eligible subjects infected with tuberculosis to (1) peer health adviser (assistance by a peer [n = 83]), (2) monetary incentive ($5 payment [n = 82]), or (3) usual care (referral slips and bus tokens only [n = 79]). The primary outcome of the study was adherence to a first follow-up appointment at the tuberculosis clinic, where subjects were evaluated for active tuberculosis and the need for isoniazid prophylaxis. Results: Of the subjects assigned to a monetary incentive, 69 (84%) completed their first follow-up appointment, compared with 62 subjects (75%) assigned to a peer health adviser and 42 subjects (53%) assigned to usual care. Adherence was higher in the monetary incentive and peer health adviser groups than in the usual care group (P < .001 and P = .004, respectively). Patients not using intravenous drugs and patients 50 years of age or older were more likely to adhere to a first follow-up appointment (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals], 2.5 [1.3 to 5.0] and 3.3 [1.2 to 8.8], respectively). Among the 173 tuberculosis-infected subjects who completed their appointment, isoniazid therapy was started for 72 individuals, and three cases of active tuberculosis were identified. Conclusion: A monetary incentive or a peer health adviser is effective in improving adherence to a first follow-up appointment in homeless individuals infected with tuberculosis. A monetary incentive appears to be superior. Intravenous drug users and young individuals are at high risk for poor adherence to referral.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Female ; Homeless Persons ; Humans ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Referral and Consultation ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-01-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	211575-x
ISSN	1538-3679 ; 0003-9926 ; 0888-2479 ; 0730-188X
ISSN (online)	1538-3679
ISSN	0003-9926 ; 0888-2479 ; 0730-188X
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Article: The changing epidemiology of acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis in San Francisco, USA.

Bradford, W Z / Martin, J N / Reingold, A L / Schecter, G F / Hopewell, P C / Small, P M

Lancet (London, England)

1996 Volume 348, Issue 9032, Page(s) 928–931

Abstract: Background: The increasing incidence of tuberculosis caused by drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought in part to reflect inadequate implementation of standard tuberculosis control measures. However, in San Francisco, USA, which has an ... ...

Abstract	Background: The increasing incidence of tuberculosis caused by drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought in part to reflect inadequate implementation of standard tuberculosis control measures. However, in San Francisco, USA, which has an effective tuberculosis control programme, we have recently observed an increase in cases of acquired drug-resistance. Methods: To explore further this observation, we analysed the secular trend of acquired drug-resistance and conducted a population-based case-control study of all reported tuberculosis cases in the city of San Francisco between 1985 and 1994. Findings: We identified 14 patients with tuberculosis caused by fully susceptible M tuberculosis who subsequently developed drug-resistance. Of these acquired drug-resistance cases, two occurred between 1985 and 1989, whereas 12 occurred between 1990 and 1994 (p = 0.028). In the case-control study, AIDS (odds ratio 20.2, 95% CI 1.12-363.6), non-compliance with therapy (19.7, 1.66-234.4), and gastrointestinal symptoms (11.5, 1.23-107.0) were independently associated with acquired drug-resistance. Between 1990 and 1994, one in 16 tuberculosis patients with AIDS and either gastrointestinal symptoms or non-compliance developed acquired drug- resistance. Interpretation: The substantial increase in acquired drug- resistance in San Francisco seems to be a product of the increasing prevalence of HIV/M tuberculosis coinfection. Our data suggest that the interface of the HIV and tuberculosis epidemics fosters acquired drug-resistance, and that traditional tuberculosis control measures may not be sufficient in communities with high rates of HIV infection.
MeSH term(s)	AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology ; Adult ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects ; Patient Compliance ; San Francisco/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/microbiology
Chemical Substances	Antitubercular Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	1996-10-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(96)03027-9
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