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  1. Article ; Online: Arthropod predator identity and evenness jointly shape the delivery of pest control services.

    Mei, Zulin / Scheper, Jeroen / Kleijn, David

    Pest management science

    2023  Volume 80, Issue 2, Page(s) 569–576

    Abstract: Background: Maximizing the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy ... ...

    Abstract Background: Maximizing the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy abundance and species richness on pest control. Studies examining the effects of evenness and species identity are fewer and have produced inconsistent results. Here we test the effects of arthropod predator community evenness and species identity on natural pest control by exposing aphid (Sitobion avenae) colonies in experimental cages to arthropod predator communities that had the same abundance and species richness but differed in evenness and dominant species.
    Results: We found that the identity of the most dominant species in the arthropod predator community predominantly drove the pest control efficiency. However, additional to the effects of species identity, we also found a causal positive relationship between the evenness of arthropod predator communities and the suppression of pest growth.
    Conclusion: Our results provide support for the hypothesis that ecosystem service provision is generally a function of the abundance and efficiency of the most dominant species of the service-providing groups. This could partly explain why management practices aiming at promoting abundance of natural enemies often have mixed effects on pest control. Our results also demonstrate that diversity components such as evenness have important additional effects. However, in real-world ecosystems these effects may be obscured because evenness is generally confounded with abundance or species richness in natural enemy predator communities. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Arthropods ; Ecosystem ; Pest Control, Biological/methods ; Predatory Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2001705-4
    ISSN 1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
    ISSN (online) 1526-4998
    ISSN 1526-498X
    DOI 10.1002/ps.7779
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  2. Article ; Online: Arthropod predator identity and evenness jointly shape the delivery of pest control services

    Mei, Zulin / Scheper, Jeroen / Kleijn, David

    Pest Management Science

    2024  Volume 80, Issue 2

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Maximizing the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Maximizing the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy abundance and species richness on pest control. Studies examining the effects of evenness and species identity are fewer and have produced inconsistent results. Here we test the effects of arthropod predator community evenness and species identity on natural pest control by exposing aphid (Sitobion avenae) colonies in experimental cages to arthropod predator communities that had the same abundance and species richness but differed in evenness and dominant species. RESULTS: We found that the identity of the most dominant species in the arthropod predator community predominantly drove the pest control efficiency. However, additional to the effects of species identity, we also found a causal positive relationship between the evenness of arthropod predator communities and the suppression of pest growth. CONCLUSION: Our results provide support for the hypothesis that ecosystem service provision is generally a function of the abundance and efficiency of the most dominant species of the service-providing groups. This could partly explain why management practices aiming at promoting abundance of natural enemies often have mixed effects on pest control. Our results also demonstrate that diversity components such as evenness have important additional effects. However, in real-world ecosystems these effects may be obscured because evenness is generally confounded with abundance or species richness in natural enemy predator communities.
    Keywords Coccinella septempunctata ; Sitobion avenae ; cage experiment ; community composition ; dominant species ; natural enemy
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2001705-4
    ISSN 1526-4998 ; 1526-498X
    ISSN (online) 1526-4998
    ISSN 1526-498X
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  3. Book ; Online: Data underlying the publication

    Mei, Zulin / Scheper, Jeroen / Kleijn, David

    Arthropod predator identity and evenness jointly shape delivery of pest control services

    2023  

    Abstract: Maximising the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy abundance and ... ...

    Abstract Maximising the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy abundance and species richness on pest control. Studies examining the effects of evenness and species identity are fewer and have produced inconsistent results. Here we test the effects of arthropod predator community evenness and species identity on natural pest control by exposing aphid ( Sitobion avenae ) colonies in experimental cages to arthropod predator communities that had the same abundance and species richness but that differed in evenness and dominant species.

    Maximising the effectiveness of natural pest control requires a detailed understanding of how service delivery is affected by natural enemy community diversity and composition. Many studies have investigated the effects of natural enemy abundance and species richness on pest control. Studies examining the effects of evenness and species identity are fewer and have produced inconsistent results. Here we test the effects of arthropod predator community evenness and species identity on natural pest control by exposing aphid ( Sitobion avenae ) colonies in experimental cages to arthropod predator communities that had the same abundance and species richness but that differed in evenness and dominant species.
    Keywords Biological Sciences ; Coccinella septempunctata ; Ecology ; FOS: Biological sciences ; Sitobion avenae ; cage experiment ; dominant species ; natural enemy
    Subject code 612
    Publisher Wageningen University & Research
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Book ; Online
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  4. Article ; Online: Potential tradeoffs between effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, soil organic matter content and fertilizer application in raspberry production.

    Chen, Ke / Scheper, Jeroen / Fijen, Thijs P M / Kleijn, David

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0269751

    Abstract: Ecological intensification has been proposed as an alternative paradigm for intensive agriculture to boost yield sustainably through utilizing ecosystem services. A prerequisite to achieving this is to understand the relations between multiple ecosystem ... ...

    Abstract Ecological intensification has been proposed as an alternative paradigm for intensive agriculture to boost yield sustainably through utilizing ecosystem services. A prerequisite to achieving this is to understand the relations between multiple ecosystem services and production, while taking growth conditions such as nutrient availability into consideration. Here, we conducted a pot-field experiment to study the interactive effects of soil organic matter (SOM) content and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the production of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) under four levels of fertilizer application. Raspberry flower number, fruit number and yield only significantly increased with fertilizer inputs but were not impacted by SOM content or AMF inoculation. Fruit set and single berry weight were influenced by both SOM content and AMF inoculation, in complex three-way interactions with fertilizer application. Fruit set of AMF inoculated plants increased with fertilizer inputs in low SOM soils, but decreased with fertilizer inputs under high SOM soils, with the highest fruit set occurring at no fertilizer inputs. In low SOM soils, the relation between single berry weight and fertilizer application was more pronounced in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants, while in high SOM soils the relative benefits of AMF inoculation on single berry weight decreased with increasing fertilizer inputs. We attribute the lack of effects of AMF inoculation and SOM content on flower number, fruit number and yield mainly to potential tradeoffs between the experimental variables that all influence resource uptake by plant root systems. Our results suggest that potentially beneficial effects of AMF and SOM can be offset by each other, probably driven by the dynamic relations between AMF and the host plants. The findings reveal fundamental implications for managing AMF inoculation and SOM management simultaneously in real-world agricultural systems.
    MeSH term(s) Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Mycorrhizae ; Plant Roots ; Plants ; Rubus ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology
    Chemical Substances Fertilizers ; Soil
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0269751
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  5. Article: Additive and synergistic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, insect pollination and nutrient availability in a perennial fruit crop

    Chen, Ke / Kleijn, David / Scheper, Jeroen / Fijen, Thijs P.M.

    Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 2022 Feb. 28, v. 325

    2022  

    Abstract: Managing ecosystem services might reduce the dependence of modern agriculture on external inputs and increase the sustainability of agricultural production. Insect pollinators and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide vital ecosystem services for ... ...

    Abstract Managing ecosystem services might reduce the dependence of modern agriculture on external inputs and increase the sustainability of agricultural production. Insect pollinators and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide vital ecosystem services for crop production, but it has not been tested whether their effects on crop yield interact and how their effects are influenced by nutrient availability. Here we manipulated insect pollination, AMF inoculation and fertilizer application (four levels) in a randomized complete block design with potted raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) to assess the interacting effects of these variables on crop yield. AMF inoculation increased the per-plant flower number by 33% and the fruit number by 35%, independently from insect pollination and fertilizer application. Single berry weight furthermore increased more strongly with fertilizer application rates in AMF inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. As a consequence, AMF inoculation boosted raspberry yield by 43% compared to non-inoculated plants. AMF inoculation increased pollinator visitation rate per plant under intermediate fertilizer levels, suggesting additional indirect effects of AMF inoculation on yield. Fruit yield of pollinated plants increased more strongly with fertilizer application rate than the yield of plants from which pollinators had been excluded. At maximum nutrient availability, the combined benefits of both ecosystem services resulted in a 135% higher yield than that of fertilizer-only treatments. Our results suggest that the benefits of ecosystem services on yield can be additive or synergistic to the effects of conventional management practices. Intensive, high-input farming systems that do not consider the potential adverse effects of management on ecosystem service providing species might risk becoming limited by delivery of ecosystem services. Proactively managing ecosystem services, on the other hand, has the potential to increase crop yield at the same level of external inputs.
    Keywords Rubus idaeus ; agriculture ; ecosystem services ; ecosystems ; environment ; fertilizer rates ; fertilizers ; flowers ; fruit yield ; fruits ; insect pollination ; nutrient availability ; raspberries ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0228
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 602345-9
    ISSN 1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
    ISSN (online) 1873-2305
    ISSN 0167-8809
    DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107742
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  6. Article ; Online: Potential tradeoffs between effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation, soil organic matter content and fertilizer application in raspberry production

    Chen, Ke / Scheper, Jeroen / Fijen, Thijs P.M. / Kleijn, David

    PLoS ONE

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 7 July

    Abstract: Ecological intensification has been proposed as an alternative paradigm for intensive agriculture to boost yield sustainably through utilizing ecosystem services. A prerequisite to achieving this is to understand the relations between multiple ecosystem ... ...

    Abstract Ecological intensification has been proposed as an alternative paradigm for intensive agriculture to boost yield sustainably through utilizing ecosystem services. A prerequisite to achieving this is to understand the relations between multiple ecosystem services and production, while taking growth conditions such as nutrient availability into consideration. Here, we conducted a pot-field experiment to study the interactive effects of soil organic matter (SOM) content and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the production of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) under four levels of fertilizer application. Raspberry flower number, fruit number and yield only significantly increased with fertilizer inputs but were not impacted by SOM content or AMF inoculation. Fruit set and single berry weight were influenced by both SOM content and AMF inoculation, in complex three-way interactions with fertilizer application. Fruit set of AMF inoculated plants increased with fertilizer inputs in low SOM soils, but decreased with fertilizer inputs under high SOM soils, with the highest fruit set occurring at no fertilizer inputs. In low SOM soils, the relation between single berry weight and fertilizer application was more pronounced in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants, while in high SOM soils the relative benefits of AMF inoculation on single berry weight decreased with increasing fertilizer inputs. We attribute the lack of effects of AMF inoculation and SOM content on flower number, fruit number and yield mainly to potential tradeoffs between the experimental variables that all influence resource uptake by plant root systems. Our results suggest that potentially beneficial effects of AMF and SOM can be offset by each other, probably driven by the dynamic relations between AMF and the host plants. The findings reveal fundamental implications for managing AMF inoculation and SOM management simultaneously in real-world agricultural systems.
    Keywords Life Science
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Additive and synergistic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, insect pollination and nutrient availability in a perennial fruit crop

    Chen, Ke / Kleijn, David / Scheper, Jeroen / Fijen, Thijs P.M.

    Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

    2022  Volume 325

    Abstract: Managing ecosystem services might reduce the dependence of modern agriculture on external inputs and increase the sustainability of agricultural production. Insect pollinators and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide vital ecosystem services for ... ...

    Abstract Managing ecosystem services might reduce the dependence of modern agriculture on external inputs and increase the sustainability of agricultural production. Insect pollinators and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide vital ecosystem services for crop production, but it has not been tested whether their effects on crop yield interact and how their effects are influenced by nutrient availability. Here we manipulated insect pollination, AMF inoculation and fertilizer application (four levels) in a randomized complete block design with potted raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) to assess the interacting effects of these variables on crop yield. AMF inoculation increased the per-plant flower number by 33% and the fruit number by 35%, independently from insect pollination and fertilizer application. Single berry weight furthermore increased more strongly with fertilizer application rates in AMF inoculated plants than in non-inoculated plants. As a consequence, AMF inoculation boosted raspberry yield by 43% compared to non-inoculated plants. AMF inoculation increased pollinator visitation rate per plant under intermediate fertilizer levels, suggesting additional indirect effects of AMF inoculation on yield. Fruit yield of pollinated plants increased more strongly with fertilizer application rate than the yield of plants from which pollinators had been excluded. At maximum nutrient availability, the combined benefits of both ecosystem services resulted in a 135% higher yield than that of fertilizer-only treatments. Our results suggest that the benefits of ecosystem services on yield can be additive or synergistic to the effects of conventional management practices. Intensive, high-input farming systems that do not consider the potential adverse effects of management on ecosystem service providing species might risk becoming limited by delivery of ecosystem services. Proactively managing ecosystem services, on the other hand, has the potential to increase crop yield at the same level of external inputs.
    Keywords Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Ecological intensification ; Fertilizer ; Insect pollination ; Interaction
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 602345-9
    ISSN 1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
    ISSN (online) 1873-2305
    ISSN 0167-8809
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Book ; Online: Data for

    Bishop, Gabriella A. / Fijen, Thijs P.M. / Desposato, Brooke N. / Scheper, Jeroen / Kleijn, David

    Hedgerows have contrasting effects on pollinators and natural enemies and limited spillover effects on apple production

    2023  

    Abstract: Agricultural intensification has resulted in a decline in insect biodiversity and threatens the provision of valuable ecosystem services. Agri-environment schemes (AESs) have been implemented in an effort to conserve biodiversity on farmland and increase ...

    Abstract Agricultural intensification has resulted in a decline in insect biodiversity and threatens the provision of valuable ecosystem services. Agri-environment schemes (AESs) have been implemented in an effort to conserve biodiversity on farmland and increase agricultural sustainability, but their effectiveness can vary widely. To better determine which factors influence AES effectiveness, the relative roles of local habitat features, habitat quality, and landscape context need to be further explored. The aim of this study was to determine the most important factors influencing field margin AES effectiveness in commercial apple orchards, in terms of arthropod biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision. We surveyed wild bees and aphid natural enemies in field margins and apple trees in 20 orchards, ten bordered by hedgerow field margins (an AES) and ten with herbaceous field margins (no hedgerows present, not an AES). We considered field margin floral resources and the cover of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape as indicators of local habitat quality and landscape context, respectively. We furthermore quantified pollination and pest control as measures of ecosystem service delivery and the relationship between arthropod communities and apple yield (initial and final fruit set) and quality. We found that hedgerow presence strongly predicted both pollinator and natural enemy communities and that these relationships were more pronounced than those with local habitat quality and landscape context. Hedgerows were negatively related to wild bee richness and abundance within the orchard, and positively related to natural enemy richness and abundance at the field margin but not within the orchard. We found no relationships between local and landscape factors and ecosystem service delivery, and no relationship between wild bee communities and apple yield, suggesting that apple is not pollen limited in our study system. There was, however, a negative relationship between natural enemy richness and ...
    Keywords Hedgerows ; biological sciences ; ecosystem services ; natural enemies ; pollinators
    Subject code 333
    Publisher Wageningen University
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Book ; Online
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  9. Article: Attractiveness of sown wildflower strips to flower-visiting insects depends on seed mixture and establishment success

    Scheper, Jeroen / Bukovinszky, Tibor / Huigens, Martinus E. / Kleijn, David

    Gesellschaft für Ökologie Basic and applied ecology. 2021 Nov., v. 56

    2021  

    Abstract: Establishing wildflower strips has been suggested as an effective measure to promote pollination services, pest control or general insect biodiversity, but little is known about the integration of these different objectives when selecting flower seed ... ...

    Abstract Establishing wildflower strips has been suggested as an effective measure to promote pollination services, pest control or general insect biodiversity, but little is known about the integration of these different objectives when selecting flower seed mixtures. In ten agricultural landscapes in the Netherlands, we established a wildflower strip (0.4 – 4.9 ha) with half of each strip sown with a mixture targeting longer-tongued pollinators and the other half sown with a mixture targeting shorter-tongued pollinators and natural enemies. We determined establishment success of sown wildflowers and evaluated the attractiveness of the established flower communities to multiple functional groups of flower visitors: bumblebees (long-tongued pollinators), hoverflies (short-tongued pollinators and natural enemies), and butterflies and total flower-visitor richness (indicators of wider biodiversity values). Bumblebees clearly preferred the pollinator-targeted seed mixture and were positively associated with cover of Fabaceae and negatively with Apiaceae. Hoverflies consistently preferred the natural enemy mixture and were positively associated with Apiaceae. The other target groups displayed no clear responses to seed mixture type but instead were associated with local flower richness within strips. Across sites, responses of flower-visitors to sown mixture types did not depend on wildflower strip size, proportion of surrounding semi-natural habitat, or flower variables. However, all flower-visitors except butterflies increased with increasing established cover or richness of (sown) flower species across sites. Our results suggest that, although species-rich wildflower strips may benefit several species groups, maximising different objectives involves trade-offs between functional groups that prefer short- or long-corolla flowers. Furthermore, our study suggests that sowing a wildflower mixture does not necessarily result in a vegetation with the same composition as the seed mixture as species may establish poorly or not at all. Selection of flower species for seed mixtures should therefore, in addition to insect target group, take the establishment characteristics of plant species into account.
    Keywords Apiaceae ; Fabaceae ; Syrphidae ; applied ecology ; biodiversity ; flowers ; habitats ; natural enemies ; pest control ; pollination ; seed mixtures ; vegetation ; wild flowers ; Netherlands
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-11
    Size p. 401-415.
    Publishing place Elsevier GmbH
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2026806-3
    ISSN 1439-1791
    ISSN 1439-1791
    DOI 10.1016/j.baae.2021.08.014
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  10. Article: Insect pollination and soil organic matter improve raspberry production independently of the effects of fertilizers

    Chen, Ke / Fijen, Thijs P.M / Kleijn, David / Scheper, Jeroen

    Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 2021 Apr. 01, v. 309

    2021  

    Abstract: Intensive agriculture faces the challenge of contributing to feeding the increasing global population while minimizing its adverse effects on the environment. Ecological intensification can help achieve this as it proposes to supplement artificial inputs ...

    Abstract Intensive agriculture faces the challenge of contributing to feeding the increasing global population while minimizing its adverse effects on the environment. Ecological intensification can help achieve this as it proposes to supplement artificial inputs with ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling and water retention. The mixed results of previous studies with respect to the potential of using ecosystem services for ecological intensification suggests more data is needed from a wider range of contexts to explore the potential of this approach in practice. We conducted an experiment which studied the effects of all combinations of insect pollination (open pollination vs pollinators excluded), soil organic matter (SOM) content (1.66 % vs 3.73 %) and four levels of fertilizer applications, on the quantity and quality of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. We were particularly interested in interacting effects on crop yield between the ecosystem services and fertilizer application. Insect pollination significantly increased single berry weight (11 %) and raspberry yield (33 %). SOM content enhanced visitation rate of pollinators and increased the single berry weight by 20.5 %, but SOM did not contribute significantly to fruit number or yield. SOM contributed to the soluble solids content of the fruits; however, this effect interacted with pollination and fertilizer inputs in a non-linear way. Fertilizer application positively contributed to single berry weight, fruit number and thus overall yield but did not influence in any way the effects of pollination and SOM on raspberry production. Our results provide evidence that ecosystem services contribute to fruit production and can potentially be used to (partly) replace artificial fertilizer inputs while maintaining productivity but our results also suggest that yield maximization requires enhancing both ecosystem services and fertilizer application.
    Keywords Rubus idaeus ; adverse effects ; agriculture ; biogeochemical cycles ; crop yield ; ecosystem services ; ecosystems ; environment ; fertilizer rates ; fertilizers ; fruits ; insect pollination ; intensive farming ; open pollination ; pollinators ; population ; raspberries ; soil organic matter ; total soluble solids ; water ; weight
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0401
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-light
    ZDB-ID 602345-9
    ISSN 1873-2305 ; 0167-8809
    ISSN (online) 1873-2305
    ISSN 0167-8809
    DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2020.107270
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